Lub lightest gases. Thaj chaw ntawm hydrogen, oxygen thiab nitrogen

Gas - ib qho ntawm lub xeev ntawm teeb meem. Nws twb tsis muaj ib qho volume, sau tag nrho cov thawv, yog nyob. Tiam sis nws muaj fluidity thiab ceev. Yuav ua li cas yog lub teeb gases yog muaj? Yuav ua li cas yog lawv yus?

Lub lightest gases

Lub npe "gas" twb coined rov qab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII, vim lub consonance cov lo lus "chaos." Particulate teeb meem thiab xwb, yog chaotic. Lawv tsiv mus nyob rau hauv ib lub random kev txiav txim, hloov cov trajectory txhua txhua lub sij hawm thaum ntsib nrog txhua lwm yam. Lawv sim sau tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau qhov chaw.

Cov pa roj molecules yog weakly ua txhua yam ua ke, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub lwg me me ntawm cov kua thiab khib nyiab. Feem ntau ntawm nws cov hom tsis yooj yim sua kom xav tias los ntawm qhov txhia. Tab sis gases muaj lwm yam ntxwv, e.g., kub, siab, ceev.

Lawv ceev tsub kom raws li lub siab nce, raws li lawv nthuav thaum kub nce. Lub lightest roj yog hydrogen, hnyav - uranium hexafluoride. Gases yeej ib txwm tov. Yog cov quab yuam ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, lub sib tov los ua ua kev. Ib qho yooj yim mus tsa qhov hnyav, on qhov tsis tooj mus down.

Lub lightest gases - yog:

• hydrogen;
• nitrogen;
• oxygen;
• methane;
• carbon dioxide.

Thawj peb xa mus rau lub xoom pab pawg neeg ntawm cov periodic rooj, thiab tham txog lawv hauv qab no.

hydrogen

Uas roj yog lub lightest? Cov lus teb no yog cuab kev - hydrogen. Qhov no yog thawj lub caij ntawm lub periodic rooj, uas yog 14,4 lub sij hawm sib zog dua cov pa. Nws yog xaiv los ntawm tsab ntawv H, lub Latin cov npe Hydrogenium (gendereth dej). Hydrogen yog lub feem ntau tshaj lub caij nyob rau hauv lub ntug. Nws yog ib tug ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov hnub qub thiab interstellar teeb meem.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, lub hydrogen yog kiag li txawm thiab uas tsis yog-tshuaj lom thiab twb tsis muaj tsis hnov tsw thiab saj ntawm cov xim. Nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob yuav ho hloov zog. Piv txwv li, nws nrog cov pa, cov roj yooj yim cia li tawg.

Nws yuav yaj nyob rau hauv platinum, hlau, titanium, npib tsib xee thiab ethanol. Los ntawm raug kev kub muaj peevxwm, nws mus txog rau lub nws yog xim hlau xeev. Nws diatomic molecule thiab muaj ib tug high tshaj tawm, uas yuav muab yav tom ntej thermal conductivity ntawm cov roj (7 lub sij hawm siab tshaj hais tias ntawm huab cua).

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, hydrogen yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov pob qij txha. Los ntawm nws tseem ceeb thiab koom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj dab, nws yog zaum ob tsuas yog mus oxygen. Hydrogen muaj nyob rau hauv cov cua, ib feem ntawm cov dej thiab organic tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub hlwb uas muaj sia nyob.

oxygen

Pa yog qhia los ntawm cov tsab ntawv O (Oxygenium). Nws kuj tsis muaj tus ntxhiab, saj thiab xim nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob, thiab yog nyob rau hauv ib tug gaseous lub xeev. Nws molecule yog feem ntau hu ua dioxygen, raws li nws muaj ob atoms. Muaj nws allotropic daim ntawv los yog kev hloov kho - ozone roj (O3), muaj raws ntawm peb molecules. Nws yog xim xiav thiab muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov yam ntxwv.

Pa thiab hydrogen - lub feem ntau heev thiab yooj yim gases rau lub ntiaj teb. Lub kiav txhab ntawm peb ntiaj chaw ntau oxygen, nws yog hais txog 47% ntawm nws cov loj. Nyob rau hauv ib yam mob nyob rau hauv cov dej nws muaj ntau tshaj li 80%.

Gas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, tib neeg thiab ntau microorganisms. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev nws muaj txhawb mus rau lub oxidation-txo tshua, tau txais mus rau hauv cov ntsws nrog cua.

Vim lub khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pa, nws yog dav siv rau lam hom phiaj. Nrog nws cov kev pab tshem tawm hypoxia, hnyuv kab mob, bronchial hawb pob. Nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam nws yog siv raws li ib tug ntim roj. Nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb, cov pa siv rau pom dej nrog ntses chaw ua taus zes.

nitrogen

Zoo li yav dhau los ob roj, nws muaj ob tug nitrogen atoms, muaj tsis muaj pronounced saj, xim thiab tsw. Cim mus xaiv nws - Latin tsab ntawv N. Thaum lub phosphorus thiab arsenic nws belongs rau pab pawg pniktogenov. Gas yog heev inert, rau cov uas nws tau txais lub npe ntawm azote, uas translates los ntawm Fabkis li "lifeless". Nitrogenium Latin lub npe, lub ntsiab lus "muab yug rau nitrate."

Nitrogen muaj nyob rau hauv lub nucleic acids, chlorophyll, hemoglobin thiab proteins yog ib tug loj feem ntawm huab cua. Nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab humus thiab muaj ntau zaum piav qhia txog lub volcanic eruptions uas nqa nws los ntawm lub ntiaj teb mantle. Nyob rau hauv lub qab ntuj khwb roj tshwm sim rau neptunium, thiab uranium, ib feem ntawm lub hnub ci huab cua, thiab ib co ntawm interstellar qhov chaw nebulae.

Txiv neej siv Nitrogen mas nyob rau hauv cov kua daim ntawv. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cryotherapy, raws li ib tug nruab nrab rau hauv lub ntim thiab cia ntawm cov khoom. Nws yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj rau sib ntaus sib tua hluav taws kub, displaces oxygen thiab depriving "potpitki" hluav taws. Txawm li cas los, nws cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau cov pob zeb ntais ceramics. Nitrogen yog feem ntau siv rau cov synthesis ntawm ntau yam tebchaw, e.g., zas, ammonia explosives.

xaus

Uas roj yog ib qho yooj yim? Thiab tam sim no koj paub cov lus teb. Xam tias yog ib qho yooj yim hydrogen, nitrogen thiab cov pa, muaj feem xyuam rau lub voj pab pawg neeg ntawm cov periodic system. Tom qab no raws li methane (carbon + hydrogen) thiab cov pa roj carbon oxide (carbon + pa).