Yuav ua li cas mus nyeem tau qhab-nees ntawm steel

Thaum hais txog tus kheej zoo ntawm tus neeg, siv lub epithet ntawm "hlau", lawv txhais li cas indomitable cim, ib tug muaj zog yuav, los yog tuav, uas yog tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim los mus yeej. Steel yees yuav ua rau check thiab txhim khu kev qha mechanisms, cov cuab yeej thiab riam phom. Tam sim no, tsis muaj peev xwm ua tsis muaj qhov no hlau.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws - lub hlau thiab yuav ua li cas nws txawv ntawm cov hlau? Lub ntsiab sib txawv nyob rau hauv impurities, Hmoob cov lawv - carbon. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muab lub khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm no hlau nyob rau hauv lub hlau ntxiv rau qhov lwm yam.

Cov tib qib ntawm steel nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws yog tsim los txawv. Tu siab, nyob rau hauv xws li ib qho tseem ceeb teeb meem mus rau ib qho denominator yog tseem tsis tau tuaj.

Thoob plaws hauv lub ib ncig ntawm lub qub Soviet Union, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm cov Baltic lub xeev, siv alphanumeric cov lis dej num raws li cov yav tas los uas twb muaj lawm lub xeev cov qauv. Xws li ib tug txhais ntawm qib ntawm steel yog heev yooj yim thiab to taub, daim duab hais txog qhov feem pua ntsiab lus ntawm impurities, thiab tsab ntawv - ib tug tshuaj caij.

Steel qib tiaj, tsis pub dhau uas muaj tsuas yog hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon, hu ua yam ntxwv. Lawv sawv cev rau tej yam yooj yim, Tshooj 2, piv txwv li. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov pa roj carbon neeg nyob tomqab sawvdaws 0.2%.

Zoo unalloyed steel muaj ib tug zoo li encoding, tab sis qhov feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon yog reflected ob cov tej yam tshwm sim xws St.08.

Yog hais tias cov hlau yog siv rau zus tau tej cov hlab ntsha, uas yuav muaj mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kub siab, ces mus rau nws tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau. Raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog zoo yam ntxwv steel, muab ob npaug rau-ntiv feem pua, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub ntxiv tsab ntawv "K" (piv txwv li - St.12K).

Ntau txoj metallurgical compositions raug muab faib ua pawg - instrumental, siv, corrosion thiab thiaj li nyob. Txhua yam ntawm lawv nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv npav, tab sis ntau yog ib tsab ntawv los ntawm alloying hais xws li npib tsib xee (H), chromium (X), tooj liab (D), tungsten (V), manganese (T), molybdenum (M), pob zeb ntais ( C), cobalt (K).

deoxidation txoj kev no kuj thaws rov los nyob rau hauv lub coding steels. Yog li, lub "nyob ntsiag to" yog qhia los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv SP, "semi-tua" - PS thiab "kub" - KP.

Alloyed steels muaj ib tug ntev lub cim, uas muaj xws li ob qho tib si tsiaj ntawv thiab xaus-npawb tsab. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias hais tias thaum lub impurity cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsawg tshaj li ib nrab feem pua ntawm tus xov tooj yog tsis muab. Yog li, lub code 10 X 2 M-W yuav txhais hais tias lub steel muaj 0.1% carbon, 0.2% chromium thiab tsawg tshaj li 1.5% molybdenum. Muaj kuj yog tsab ntawv "W", nws hais tias ntawm txo phosphate cov ntsiab lus. Yog hais tias es tsis txhob nws yog "A", nws yuav kam nrog sulfur. Cov qhab nia qhia ntxiv zoo yam ntxwv.

Lub Khoos Loos Tsev steel foundry qhia nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm tsab ntawv "L".

Constructional yuav tsum tau hlau nrog ib tug tsawg tawm los, nws qhia cov tsab ntawv "C" sawv pem hauv ntej. Litera, sawv qab, hais tias ntxiv zog (T - lub tshav kub tau ntxiv dag zog, K - rau xeb kuj).

Kev txiav txim ntawm steels haum rau zus tau tej cov cuab yeej, nqa los ntawm tsab ntawv "Y", uas yog muab tso rau tom qab lub ob tug lej feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon, e.g. U8.

Muaj kuj stainless hlau. Hom, zoo li 08X18H10T zoo li ib tug tham cipher, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag yog lub ntsiab cai tib yam li rau lub alloy ntxwv alloys. Nws tsis siv rau tshwj xeeb mob qhov twg cov tsiaj ntawv raug nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm cov nroj tsuag, rau cov thawj lub sij hawm mus smelt lub hlau nrog tshwj xeeb.