Heavy kev lag luam - Yav tag los thiab tam sim

Rating ntawm ib lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb arena nyob nyob rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm nws kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Thiab cov heev notion ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag yog multifaceted, tab sis nws lub hauv paus yog precisely lub lag luam, uas yog, ib tug txheej ntawm txawv tuam txhab uas muag. Nws factories, fais fab nroj tsuag, mines thiab mines. Lawv mined nyoos khoom cuab yeej, cov roj, cov ntaub ntawv, tua ntoo, tsim lub zog, thiab ua cov khoom uas tau raug ua nyob rau hauv kev lag luam los yog nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb. Hais tias yog, qhov no kheej ntawm tib neeg kev ua si muaj ib tug decisive tej yam nyob rau hauv nws zoo.

Raws li yuav pom, cov nplais ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau lawm kev ua ub no, muaj ntau ntau yam. Thiab ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm lawv conditionally koom nyob rau hauv ib tug uas txhais - heavy kev lag luam. Qhov no yog cov pab pawg neeg ntawm industries uas tsim mas cov txhais tau tias ntawm ntau lawm. Cov no muaj xws luag tag nrho cov tsuas kev lag luam thiab ib co yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev lag luam. Qhov no industries xws li hluav taws xob lub hwj chim, ferrous thiab uas tsis yog-ferrous metallurgy, roj kev lag luam, hlau ua hauj lwm thiab mechanical engineering. Daim ntawv kuj muaj xws li forestry, ntoo ua, petrochemical, tshuaj, sis plawv hniav thiab cov ntawv kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam zoo xws industries.

Tsis tau cov neeg kawm ntawv uas tseem ceeb ntawm cov sectors ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag yuav tsum pom los ntawm cov keeb kwm. Piv txwv li, lub Lavxias teb sab heavy kev lag luam pib los tsim tsuas yog tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Raws li statistics, nyob rau hauv 1913 lub Lavxias teb sab engineering yielded xwb 9% ntawm tag nrho cov muaj tso zis ncej. Cov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov tshuaj lag luam muaj txawm tsawg - 3%, thiab qhia tawm rau ntawm lub zog yog tsawg tshaj li ib feem pua. Thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nplais muaj feem xyuam rau heavy kev lag luam, feem ntau tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Yog li, nyob rau hauv pre-revolutionary Russia twb tsis muaj instrumentation, tshuab cov cuab yeej, tractors, tsheb thiab metallurgical khoom. Thiab thiaj li muaj ntau hom ntawm cov khoom tau mas los ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Tab sis tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, qhov teeb meem no tau hloov dramatically. Ces tus Industrialization ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws twb tau ua, thiab heavy kev lag luam twb cia tsim. Lub Soviet coj noj coj ua them zoo mloog mus rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm hluav taws xob hwj chim ua lag luam, mechanical engineering, tshuaj thiab tej yam hnyav industries. Nyob rau hauv lub pre-tsov rog xyoo, lub Soviet neeg tau ua ntau loj Enterprises thiab tsim los ntawm kos ib tug tshiab ceg ntawm lub lag luam. Qhov no tsheb, aerospace, tshuab cov cuab yeej, muab harvester, tsheb laij teb, metallurgical machinery thiab lwm yam txheej kev lag luam. Thiab thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no hnyav kev lag luam tau ua ib lub hauv paus rau lub teb chaws tiv thaiv kev lag luam.

Lub postwar xyoo twb tseem yog muaj tus nqi ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov lag luam. Tom qab ntawd peb tau pib mus rau tshwm sim, thiab ntse tsim tshiab industries, xws li electronics, xov tooj cua engineering, ntsuas siab, Rocketry thiab lwm yam zoo sib xws. Soviet Union yog tau coj thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv cov roj ntau lawm, hlau, steel, coke, hlau ore, chiv, fais fab thiab diesel locomotives, tractors, MAAs thiab lumber. Heavy kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub USSR thaum lub sij hawm mus txog rau theem ntawm lwm tsim lub teb chaws.

Thiab tam sim no lub qub Soviet Union lub teb chaws siv rau lub hauv paus, los teeb rau ntawm lub sij hawm. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Russia, Belarus thiab Ukraine tam sim no ntiav ntau tshaj 20 metallurgical qhauj. Nws yog xws li Mariupol Azovstal, Amurmetal nyob rau hauv Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Almetyevsk Yeeb Nkab nyob rau hauv Tatarstan, Beloretsk metallurgical tsob nroj nyob rau hauv Bashkortostan, Belarusian Steel Works nyob rau hauv Zhlobin thiab lwm tus neeg tawg nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov CIS.

Txawm heavy kev lag luam muaj xws li xws li ib qho tseem ceeb sector raws li cov roj kev lag luam. Qhov no kev tshawb kawm ntawm cov roj thiab cov nkev drilling, extraction ntawm natural resources, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov raj dej thauj. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Russia muaj peb loj roj puag: Timan-Pechersk, lub Volga-Urals thiab Western Siberia. Cov yav tas los luj - qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cuaj lub xeev thiab muaj ib thaj chaw uas 3.5 lab square kilometers. Thiab nrog rau cov qhov dej ntawm lub hauv paus yog tam sim no ua 70% ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab roj. Thiab txawm hais tias cov theem ntawm cov roj ntau lawm tsis xyoo los ntawm lub xyoo, qhov kev lag luam heavy kev lag luam tseem nyob ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsim rau Russia.