General ntaub ntawv thiab faib zog

Zoo ib yam mechanism nyob rau hauv niaj hnub siv tshuab yog tej los yog nkaus li ntawm ntau hom ntawm transmissions. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, cov lus tsa suab kis tau tus mob pab kiag li lawm yog siv raws nraim toothed ntsiab kinematic tswvyim. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav tsum exhaustively saib lub kev faib zog. Lawv flavors thiab nta, peb mam li tham.

txhais

Yog li, los ntawm ib tug kev taw tes ntawm view yog lub iav mechanism uas ua hauj lwm pab mus rau kis kev sib hloov los ntawm ib tug ncej mus rau lwm lub, thiab hloov cov kev ceev ntawm ntsia thiab log.

Classification zog hais tias iav nyob rau hauv lub qhov tob hau kev sib hloov, hu ua tus tswv tsev, thiab cov receiver kev sib hloov - uas tau tsav. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub caij uas muaj ib tug khub ntawm me me qhov ntev, hu ua lub iav, thiab qhov tseeb hais tias loj - log.

Scope

Zog, kev faib tawm, yooj yim tsis thiab nta of uas yuav tau piav rau hauv qab no, nws yog tubntxhais suav hais tias yog feem ntau yam nyob rau hauv mechanical engineering thiab lwm yam lag luam. Qhov no siab thov vim tau ntawm kis tau tus mob ntawm hwj chim ntau yam los ntawm ib tug ob peb kaum mus rau ib tug ob peb kaum ntawm txhiab ntawm kilowatts. Yog li lub circumferential ceev ntawm kev sib hloov tej zaum yuav mus txog rau 150 m / s, thiab cov ratios los ntawm pua pua txhiab. Cov kab uas hla ntawm lub log lawv tus kheej yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub nyeem millimeters (tej zaum txawm lawv qhov chaw) mus rau meters los sis ntau tshaj.

ntau yam

Los thiab cais ntawm gearing muab rau lawv sib cais nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no thaj av:

1. Los ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub log axles nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw:

• nrog thaum uas tig mus axes (cylindrical kis tau tus mob);
• nrog kev sib tshuam axes (bevel zog);
• nrog hla axes (thiab cab cov ntsia hlau kis tau tus mob).

2. Raws li lub hom tus txheeb ze txoj kev sib hloov ntawm lub log thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov hniav:

• nrog rau lwm iav (log tig nyob rau hauv opposite qhia txheeb ze rau txhua tus lwm yam);
• ib tug nrog iav (kev sib hloov ntawm ob log yog ib txoj kev).

3. Tus duab ntawm lub profile:

• involute hniav;
• cycloid;
• nrog Novikov gearing.

4. Los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub theoretical hniav kab:

• Spur log;
• helical;
• Chevron;
• Muaj hau ntswj (nrog ncig hniav).

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nepryamozubye kis tau tus mob muaj lub siab smoothness ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm, lawv muaj ntau coj thiab cov suab nrov piv rau spur zog.

5. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub circumferential ceev:

• tsawg-ceev kis tau tus mob (tsawg tshaj li 3 m / s);
• nruab nrab ceev (3 m / s mus rau 15 m / s);
• high-ceev (tshaj 15 m / s).

Gradation los ntawm daim ntawv thov

Classification zog nyob rau hauv kev khiav dej num muab rau lawv faib mus rau hauv:

• Kinematic (nyeem ntawv) kis tau tus mob. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm pab kiag li lawm, suav daws mechanisms. Lub ntsiab yuav tsum tau rau xws hloov - raws li lub siab tshaj plaws kinematic neeg, uas yog, nws yuav tsum yog ib tug ntshiab coherence ntawm txoj kev sib hloov ces kaum raws li tus tswv thiab tus qhev log.
• High-speed kis tau tus mob siv nyob rau hauv Gearboxes turbomachinery thawv tsheb transmissions. Yuav tsum muaj: lub siab tshaj plaws tau smoothness ntawm lub lag luam.
• Fais fab kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv lub ua crane thiab dov mechanisms. Lawv ua hauj lwm thaum uas tsis muaj speeds, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm qhia lub impressive torque. Lub ntsiab uas yuav tsum tau mus rau lub transmissions ntawm no hom, - nyob sib ze ntawm cov hniav, uas yog interconnected nyob rau hauv conjugation.

ntxiv kev

Classification zog rau constructive tsim yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account tias lawv yuav ua tau qhib thiab kaw. Qhib kis tau tus mob yuav tsum ua los yog tsis muaj lubrication (muaj tsawg heev), los yog lwm tus yuav kho tau tshwj xeeb roj lubricants.

Kaw-Circuit Court TV, nyob rau hauv lem, lubricated vim immersion ntawm cov hniav nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb cov roj, uas dej nyab lub vaj tse (immersion lubrication). Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, nws muab centralized mov qauv nyob rau hauv lub crankcase. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus lubricant txaus hloov yog nqa tawm los ntawm txoj kev tshwj xeeb inductors.

Nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas lub sib hloov mus los ceev, lub zog yog muab faib mus rau hauv:

• txos (kuj hu ua Reducers). Nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam lub iav piv yog ntau dua los yog sib npaug zos rau ib tug.
• Multipliers - iav piv tsawg tshaj li ib.

Los ntawm txoj kev, lub iav ratios yog ob qho tib si tas mus li thiab stepwise adjustable los tsiv lub log ncaj qha rau ntawm tus ncej (eg gearbox).

zoo qualities

Classification zog yuav tsis tiav yog hais tias tsis los xav txog lawv txoj hauj lwm zoo. Piv nrog rau lwm hom ntawm lub zog yog yus muaj los ntawm:

• Processability.
• Persistence ratio.
• High load peev xwm (txog li ntawm 50,000 kW).
• Impressive efficiency (mus txog 0.99).
• Me zuag qhia tag nrho qhov ntev piv mus rau lwm cov transmissions nyob rau tib lub tej yam kev mob.
• High ntseeg thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam.
• Tejzaum ntawm txij nkawm.
• Tus me loads nyob rau hauv cov bearings thiab shafts.

tsis zoo qualities

Raws li rau cov disadvantages ntawm zog, ces ib tug ntawm lawv tshwm sim:

• Tsis muaj lub sij hawm los hloov lub iav piv tsis tu ncua.
• manufacturing thiab installation cov neeg yuav tsum nyob ib theem siab.
• Cov tshwm sim ntawm cov suab nrov ntawm cov kev kub ceev.
• Tsis damping zog.
• Loj loj thaum lub axes ntawm lub tsav thiab tsav tsheb shafts impressive deb.
• Tej cov hniav yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb cov khoom thiab cov cuab yeej.
• Lub cev tsis pab kom txawm peem rau dynamic loads vim siab heev.
• Qhov uas tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg nta. Cov iav tsheb ciav hlau yog muaj peev xwm mus tiv thaiv lub tshuab los yog mechanism tiv thaiv overloading.

Tsis tas li ntawd zog (zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, kev faib thiab hom teev saum toj no) irrational siv lawv cov hniav, uas ua nyob rau hauv ib tug simultaneous lag luam tsis ntau tshaj li ob hniav ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov log tsheb, uas yog nyob rau hauv.

Lub deformation ntawm lub log hniav

Kom tsim thiab lag luam ntawm lub iav yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm muaj zog ua suab nrov thiab overheating thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam. Yog hais tias ob tug ntawm cov txheej xwm yog tseem discrepancies, nws yuav zoo heev ua rau cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub log hniav. Classification zog rau ua hauj lwm lub hom phiaj kuj ua rau nws tus kheej kev kho me ntsis rau cov kis ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev hom ntawm cov hniav puas yog raws li nram no:

• Yas deformation ua hauj lwm cov chaw.
• Breakage.
• Jamming.
• Hnav.
• Chipping.

Nyob rau hauv cov mob uas cov hniav lov feem ntau tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog kis tau tus mob tsis ua hauj lwm, tab sis kuj puas mus rau ntau yam lwm yam kev units, qhov chaw (e.g., puas bearings, shafts). Qhov no yog vim wedging txiav txim tawg tawm daim.

Heev feem ntau, cov hniav yuav tawg vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov "qaug zog", uas zoo nkaus li raws li ib tug rau txim ntawm lub rov tshwm sim thiab cov hnyav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tej kab nrib pleb. Qhov no hom ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog ntau raug rau kaw zog.

Puas ntawm cov hniav yog feem ntau cai nyob rau hauv qhib zog, vim allergic ntawm lub koom tes cheeb tsam ntawm ntau yam hlau hais, av, plua tshauv (puas). Tsis tas li ntawd, yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav raug txom nyem lubrication, yog li ntawm no hom ntawm coj thiab tsim kua muag tsis pov hwm, thiab kaw-Circuit Court TV.

log Manufacturing

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub hais tias lub zog, zoo thiab tsis zoo, kev faib ntawm uas yog nyob rau lawv hauj thiab lub zog, yog ua los ntawm ntaub ntawv sib txawv.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau siv rau hauv kev xyaum no yog:

• Carbon steel zoo tib yam zoo (St6, St5).
• High-qib hlau.
• Alloyed steels.
• Grey cam khwb cia hlau thiab siab zoo.
• Ib txhia uas tsis yog-metallic ntaub ntawv (bakelite, PCB).

Cov feem ntau lug siv kis tau tus mob zog ua los ntawm steel, vim lub pom thaum lawv tseem muaj zog, kev cia siab thiab qhov hnyav. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog zoo tagnrho rau cov hnyav luag hauj lwm transmissions.

Nyob rau hauv lem, qhov grey cam khwb cia hlau yog siv rau cov log khiav tsis ntau thiab qeeb qhib zog. Hlau yog zoo hais tias cov hniav ntawm lub log raws li nyob rau hauv nws tsis yog ib yam nkaus thiab xav tau rau lub lubrication thiab zoo hloov mus rau ib leeg.

Yas zog yog ua rau cov cav tov uas yuav tsum tau nyiaj pab ntau tshaj nyob ntsiag to lag luam high-ceev kis tau tus mob, nws yuav tsis tau ib tug siab precision raug.

Hardness thiab tshav kub kev kho mob

Zog, kev faib tawm, daim ntawv thov ntawm cov uas muaj kuj nyob ntawm seb lub load peev xwm yuav tsum tau mus yauv mus tshav kub kev kho mob.

Lub zog ntawm steel yog conventionally muab faib ua ob pawg:

• Log nrog ib tug hardness ntawm hauv qab no 350 HB hniav. Xws li ib tug qhia yog generated vim normalize los yog txhim kho hlau. Tam sim ntawd cov hniav txiav tom qab thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob.
• Log, hardness siab tshaj 350 HB. Qhov no hardness tso cai rau lub tshuaj-thermal hardening: carburizing, nitriding, cyaniding, nto hardening siv siab zaus currents.

Lubrication zog

Suam ntawm cov zog nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm cov kaus hniav yuav tsis tiav yog hais tias peb tsis xav txog lub lubrication ntawm gearing. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, lub lubrication cov txheej txheem yog teem rau tej lub nqi ntawm coj ntawm cov hniav, thaum tshav kub kub dissipation thiab me me abrasive hais, kev txhim kho ua hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov tag nrho kis tau tus mob. Los ntawm kev siv ntawm high-zoo lubricants tsub kom lub log kuj mus jamming. Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lubrication tej zaum yuav ua rau yas, kua thiab khoom cov ntaub ntawv.

Roj yog feem ntau siv rau qhib kev pab cuam, uas khiav lag luam ntawm ib tug kub tsis ntau tshaj 120 degrees. Khoom roj nplua nyeem kuj ua nyob rau hauv qhib zog, tab sis cov neeg khiav hauj lwm kub siab tshaj 100 degrees Celsius. Cov feem nrov yog ib tug ua kua roj nplua nyeem. Qhov loj tshaj tej chaw tau txais cov roj av roj. Raws li rau cov khoom cua roj nplua nyeem cov ntaub ntawv, lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv tsuas tshwj xeeb no, vim hais tias lawv cov nqi yog heev siab heev.

Los ntawm cov kua roj muaj xws li:

• Muaj roj - tsab ntawv I.
• Rau siv nyob rau hauv hydraulic tshuab - G.
• Rau heavy-duty kis tau tus mob - T.
• Roj muaj anti-xeb, anti-oxidation, anti-coj additives, - P.
• Roj, uas muaj tsis muaj tej additives - A.

miter log

Ib suam ntawm bevel zog nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim to taub embodiment muaj cov nram qab no daim ntawv:

• Log bevel iav nrog ncaj cov hniav.
• Nrog tangential cov hniav.
• Los ntawm nkhaus hniav.
• Nrog ncig hniav.
• Nrog rau cov kab ntawm cov hniav nyob rau hauv involute daim ntawv.

Ncaj bevel zog yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv sab nraum zoov iav, tab sis hais nrog ncig hniav muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv iav.

Nta thiab designations

Lub ntsiab tsis uas underpin kev faib zog, yog raws li nram no:

• Number ntawm cov hniav - Z.
• Yov: - a.
• Lub dav ntawm lub crown log - b.
• Radial clearance - nrog.
• Lub qhov siab ntawm cov hniav ob txhais ceg - ha.
• Hniav siab - h.
• Suab inch - d.
• Thawj zaug txoj kab uas hla - DW.
• Cov kab uas hla ntawm lub kab noj hniav ntawm tus hniav - dr.
• Cov kab uas hla ntawm tus hniav sab saum toj - da.

Siv zog

Iav log yog ua rau cia li kab. Cov heev tshwj xeeb kab yog muab faib mus rau hauv luv luv thiab kev. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg yog txuam nrog xwb txiav thiab xov zog. Qhov thib ob yog ib tug txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej rau ntau lub hom phiaj uas muab ib tug ua tiav kev siv zog. Nyob rau hauv xws kab yog siv rau cov semiautomatic machines iav kev kho mob ntxiv nruab loading thiab unloading, thiab lwm yam automation pab kiag li lawm.

Nyob rau hauv kev siv technology tshiab log ntau lawm kab nruab nrab ntawm ntau lawm tshuab saj zawg zog thauj kev sib txuas lus yog feem ntau siv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug siv thiab saw conveyors, thiab cov rooj noj hloov phab xis, uas tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm pluav los yog lwm yam tsis xws luag.