Phenol npaj: Lub ntsiab txoj kev

Phenol yog ib tug tsis muaj kob khoom siv lead ua qauv nrog ib tug heev cov kev tsw. Qhov no tshuaj yog dav siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua ntau yam dyes, yas thiab ntau yam hluavtaws fibers (feem ntau nylon). Ua ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm petrochemical kev lag luam nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm phenol twb nqa tawm heev dua lwm yam los ntawm cov thee ib. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no txoj kev tau tsis tau los npog tag nrho cov kev xav tau ntawm ib tug booming kev lag luam nyob rau hauv phenol, uas tau tam sim no ua ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom nyob ib ncig ntawm peb.

Phenol, qhov kev npaj ntawm uas tau ua ib tug yuav tsum vim lub advent uas tsis tshua muaj ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab tshuaj tseem ceeb muaj uas nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm phenol-formaldehyde cob. Thiab nws, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ib qho tseem ceeb feem ntawm phenolics. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm phenol yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv cyclohexanol yuav tsum tau rau cov hluavtaws fibers nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj scale.

Ib qho tseem ceeb cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov phenol yuav cais lawm cresol sib tov, uas twb tsim kreozolformadelgidnuyu cob siv rau manufacturing ib tug plurality ntawm kev kho mob tshuaj, antiseptics thiab antioxidants. Yog li ntawd, tau phenol hnub no nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm ntawm petrochemicals. Twb tsim ib tug ntau ntawm txoj kev mus rau tsim no substance nyob rau hauv txaus qhov ntau. Cia peb xav txog lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav.

Tus hlob thiab pov thawj txoj kev yog ib txoj kev ntawm melting ib alkali, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm siab tau ntawm sulfuric acid rau sulfonation ntawm benzene thiab caustic ua raws li los ntawm fusing lawv benzolsulfonatrievuyu ntsev, uas tus tshuaj ncaj qha thiab stands. Qhov npaj ntawm phenol los ntawm chlorination ntawm benzene, ua raws li los ntawm chlorobenzene saponification nrog sodium hydroxide profitably xwb nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm loj qhov ntau ntawm pheej yig zog yuav tsum tau rau zus tau tej cov tshuaj thiab caustic. Lub ntsiab disadvantages ntawm cov txheej txheem no - yuav tsum tau mus tsim kev kub siab (tsis tsawg tshaj li peb puas atmospheres) thiab heev loj degree ntawm xeb cov khoom siv.

Ib tug ntau niaj hnub txoj kev los muab ib tug phenol los ntawm decomposition ntawm cumene hydroperoxide. Txawm li cas los, cov nyiaj tswvyim ntawm yam compound yog heev, txij li thaum nws hu rau pre-ntau lawm ntawm hydroperoxide alkylation txheej txheem ntawm benzene propylene tshuaj. Ntxiv mus, lub tshuab muab rau cov oxidation ntawm lub resulting isopropyl cua sib tov tsim tau ib hydroperoxide. Raws li ib tug zoo tshaj ntawm cov txheej txheem no yuav tau muab sau tseg nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog qhov kev npaj ntawm phenol lwm tseem ceeb teeb meem - acetone.

Muaj kuj yog ib txoj kev nkauj nraug phenol los ntawm coking thiab carbonization cob khoom roj cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no txoj kev yog tsim nyog tsis tsuas mus rau tsim nqi phenol, tab sis kuj yuav txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam hydrocarbon khoom. Ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov phenol yog ib tug ceev ceev oxidation, uas ua rau yus ceev laus thiab tsim los ntawm cov roj nyob rau ntawd khov ib-zoo li fractions.

Tab sis qhov tseem niaj hnub thiab tshiab txoj kev tau zoo thiab lub petrochemical kev lag luam yog los muab cov phenol los ntawm benzene los ntawm cov ncaj oxidation ntawm nws cov pa roj nitrous oxide. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog ua nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb adiabatic reactor, nyob rau lub catalyst yog zeolite. Cov thawj zaug nitrous oxide ua los ntawm oxidation ntawm ammonia nrog cua los yog kev rho tawm ntawm adipic kua qaub. Ntau precisely, ntawm nws sab cov khoom tsim thaum lub sij hawm synthesis. Qhov no technology muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm qhov uas muab heev ntshiab phenol nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurities.