General Diamonds (Grishin-Almazov Alexei): biography. Siberian Army. dawb zog

Aleksey Nikolaevich Almazov yug Kaum ib hlis 24, 1880 nyob rau hauv Tambov noble tsev neeg. Nws txiv yog ib tug tub ceev xwm (a collegiate secretary). Contrary to qhov ua piv txwv, tus tub txiav txim siab los muab nws txoj sia rau cov tub rog. Nws pib mus kawm ntawv nyob rau ntawm lub Voronezh-Mikhailovsky Cadet Corps, ces kawm tiav los ntawm lub Mikhailovsky Artillery tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1902. Tag nrho lub sij hawm no tsis tau tau npaum li cas qhov chaw, General Diamonds coj qhws nws lub npe tiag tiag Grishin.

Lavxias teb sab-Japanese tsov rog

Cov tub hluas ntxhais xwm twb tsis poob los ntawm qhov tau txais tsab ntawm tub ceev xwm nyob qib. Nyob rau hauv 1904, lub Lavxias teb sab-Japanese kev tsov kev rog. Alexei Grishin yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv Manchuria. Cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub Japanese phiaj los nqis tes rau nws yog tus sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Liaoyang (Lub yim hli ntuj 24 - Cuaj hlis 3, 1904).

Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog sim los daws Chaw nres nkoj Arthur, tab sis tom qab nws tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub defensive. Liaoyang txog lawv rov cov Japanese pab tub rog. Alexei Grishin yog cov ntau tshaj 100 txhiab compatriots, muaj embarked rau hauv txoj kev ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Ntshav sib ntaus sib tua coj mus rau hnyav losses nyob rau ob sab, tab sis lub Lavxias teb sab nws thiaj li yuav tsum tau thim rov qab.

Nyob rau fronts ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej

Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm Lavxias teb sab-Japanese tsov ua rog, lub neej yav tom ntej Dawb khwb General tseem nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ciam teb rau lwm lub teb chaws. Rau xyoo nws tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub Amur tub rog District thiab saib xyuas kev kawm reconnaissance pab poring tshaj lub Amur Thaj av thiab lub Ussuri cheeb tsam.

Uas pib nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914 Thawj World War yuam kom khiav tawm Grishina ua tsev rau ib qho chaw rau nws. Thaum xub thawj, nws muab ib qhov txuas rau sis thib 5 ntawd Siberian Army Corps thiab yog adjutant mus rau lub commander ntawm no kuj zoo kawg kev twb kev txuas. Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1915 Grishina ua ib tug thawj tub rog. Lub sij hawm tau tuaj mus hais kom cov roj teeb thiab artillery battalion. Cov tub ceev xwm muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv thiab offensive ua hauj lwm. Nws tau txais txeeb heev heev thiab honors, nrog rau cov George Cross, uas twb muab rau tus tauj ncov loj tom qab daim ntawv thov ntawm nws tus kheej cov tub rog.

1917 th

Los ntawm kiv puag ncig Grishin-Almazov Alexei yog ib tug twb tau lieutenant colonel. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub Daim Ntawv Government, nws khaws cia tiv tauj nrog cov Socialist-Revolutionaries (tab sis tsis yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tog) thiab openly txwv cov Bolsheviks. Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, tus tub ceevxwm qhia txog nws txoj hauj lwm - nws tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov tub rog.

Dawb zog tau coj mus rau hauv nws cov ibyam ousted Grishina. Thaum xub thawj nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Volunteer Army, thaum General Mikhail Alekseev tsis tau xa nws mus rau Siberia rau lub koom haum ntawm lub underground anti-Bolshevik kev ua ub no. Cov tub ceev xwm nres xa nws lub npe - tam sim no nws los ua lub npe hu ua cov pob zeb diamond.

Nyob rau hauv lub underground

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1918, General poob Diamonds nyob rau hauv West Siberian Commissariat ntawm lub Daim Ntawv tsoom fwv, uas nyob ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov tub rog hauv paus. Tsis pub dhau lub lim piam ntawm lub underground ua hauj lwm tau tsim muaj lub teeb dawb hlwb nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos los ntawm Kansk rau Omsk. Ua ke nrog Almazov Siberia mus Socialist Revolutionary Pavel Mikhailov, uas txog thaum ces twb raug xaiv los haj yam ua rau Constituent los ua ke.

Cov tub ceev xwm 'lub koom haum pom zoo rau cov Bolsheviks, twb nyob rau hauv ib tug raug rho tawm thiab tsis paub pab. General Diamonds ua lub kev twb kev txuas thiab kev koom tes nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Cov feem ntau nyuaj ib feem ntawm no ua hauj lwm yog mus nrhiav ib tug hais nruab nrab kev nom kev tswv thiab cov tub rog taw tes ntawm view: uas collectively txhawb lub underground zog, uas txoj cai kom ua raws li. Qhov chaw qab, tab sis qhov chaw muab, Almazov tswj mus rally lub feem ntau pom zoo rau txhua lub lwm yam cell. Tag nrho lub sij hawm no lub Bolsheviks hunted nws, tab sis raws li lawv tsis tau sim mus plob, kev ntes underground neeg ua hauj lwm thiab ua tsis tau tejyam. Thaum twg tus ces mus rau nws txoj kev taug, nws dim hauv lub KGB.

Ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub Siberian pab tub rog

Nyob rau hauv 1918, tag nrho cov dawb zog nyob rau hauv Siberia, cia li tos lub teeb liab mus rau pib thaum lub neej coj dag zog ntawm anti-Bolshevik hais lus? Lub impetus rau nws yog tus revolt ntawm lub Czechoslovak Corps. Thaum kawm ntawm nws insubordination, General Grishin-Almazov kom tag nrho cov underground koom haum tswj los ntawm nws mus rau sawv tawm tsam cov Soviet lub hwj chim. Tej zaum 28, 1918 ib tug tub ceev xwm los ua commander ntawm lub West Siberian tub rog District thiab qhia them nyiaj yug rau lub Czechs. Nws launched ib tug offensive rau tag nrho cov fronts.

Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj, nws tau tsim Daim Ntawv Siberian Government, thiab cov Commander ntawm lub Siberian pab tub rog los ua ntau thiab Minister of War. Pob zeb diamond nyob zoo kawg li organizer. Nws nkag tau rau hauv cov tub rog nruj kev qhuab qhia, tau ua nws ib tug haib quab yuam peev xwm ntawm tsis tsuas yog muaj kev cuam tshuam tus nres ntawm lub Red Army, tab sis kuj mus rau sab hnub poob ib leeg.

skilful organizer

Los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1918 nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm Almazov nws twb 60 txhiab tus neeg. Ua ke nrog Czechoslovak feem tub rog kiag li tshem los ntawm Siberia Bolsheviks. Tam sim no Dawb yog npaj txhij mus rau hauv lub Volga cheeb tsam, thiab ces tuaj mus rau Moscow.

Sim ntxiv rau kom qhov luaj li cas ntawm nws cov tub rog, IB Grishin-Almazov tsis yeem los ntawm yav dhau los ntawm kev yeem thaj recruitment thiab pib nrhiav nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis txaus siab los ntawm txog cov neeg pluag ib puag ncig. Tsis zoo li cov tub rog uas tiv thaiv rau cov fronts ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej, lub villagers twb tsis yog li ntawd mas raug rau Bolshevik propaganda. Lub sij hawm lawm hais tias diamonds coj qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshuaj ntawm tag nrho cov. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1918 Siberian Army muaj ntau zog los 175 txhiab tus neeg.

resignation

Los ntawm ib tug nom tswv taw tes ntawm view, Diamonds tseem ib tug monarchist thiab supporter ntawm muaj zog centralized txoj cai. Muaj mob thaum los ntawm nws kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ua lub anthem "Vajtswv Tseg Tsar!", Txawm hais tias xws thawj kauj ruam phem tus cwj pwm zoo. Tus tsoom fwv feem ntau yog sab laug, thaum lub sij hawm kev ntseeg hais tias cov Socialist-Revolutionary slogans ntawm utopian kev cai ywj pheej nyob rau hauv ib tug tsov rog raged cia li ua tsis tau. Qhov no saib yog xav tsis nyiam cov nom tswv thiab Samara Komuch.

General Diamonds yog nyob rau hauv lub ib feem ntawm lub dawb zog, uas tsis nyiam lub cuam ntawm txawv teb chaws cov phoojywg nyob rau hauv lub civil tsov rog nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws tsis tau tos mus hais lus cam nrog lub British nplij siab, uas qhia tias nws tsis xav tau kev pab los ntawm lub British. Alexei yog sib txawv heev los ntawm nws lug txhawb cov miv nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv. Nws tej teeb meem nrog rau lwm cov nom tswv coj mus rau lub resignation ntawm General, uas coj qhov chaw Cuaj hlis 5, 1918.

Tus poj niam Alexey Almazov

Tsis sib ntseeg ntawm lub Social Revolutionaries ua Almazov tawm Siberia thiab koom tes pab cov tub rog Anton Denikin, uas ua nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Russia. Ua ntej tawm hauv, cov kev tshuav Omsk nws tus poj niam Maria Alexandrovna (yug Zakharov). Nws tau los ua phooj ywg nrog nws tus hlub Kolchaka annoy Timirevoy thiab nkag mus hauv lub puab vajvoog ntawm Lavxias teb sab Supreme kav.

Almazov tus poj niam tseem nyob rau hauv Omsk kom txog rau thaum qhov kev khiav tawm ntawm cov dawb nroog. Maria Alexandrovna mus rau sab hnub tuaj nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ciav hlau ntawm Kolchak. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1920, nws twb puas tau raug ntes nyob rau hauv dag zog yuam nyob Irkutsk Polittsentr pro-Soviet. Almazov yog nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj, thiab ua tim khawv pom lub xeem hnub ntawm lub neej Kolchak. Tus ntxhais ntawd muaj hmoo - nws twb amnestied thiab tau tsiv mus nyob rau Tuam Tshoj, nyob qhov twg nws tau luam tawm lawv tus kheej memoirs. Nrog tus txij nkawm Almazov tsis pom.

Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb

Nyob rau hauv Ekaterinodar, qhov twg nws yog Denikin, Alexey Almazov twb raug xa mus rau lub Romanian nroog ntawm Iasi. Muaj lub rooj sib tham tau nyob rau nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Entente lub teb chaws thiab delegates dawb zog. Thaum no tshwm sim, cov kev nyeem ib tug zoo daim ntawv qhia txog qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub Siberian cheeb tsam.

Nyob rau hauv lig 1918, Alexey yog cov tub rog tswv xeev ntawm Odessa. Thaum lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv lub nroog yog zoo dua lub npe hu rau ntau yam ntawm memoirs ntawm contemporaries, xws li memoirs "Npam Hnub" Nobel nqi zog khiav Ivan Bunin. General dua ib zaug muaj kev tswj kom npaj ib tug tshiab cov tub rog quab yuam, uas nyob rau hauv ib tes, txwv lub Bolsheviks, thiab nyob rau lwm yam - khob qhov rooj tawm ntawm lub nroog ntawm Ukrainian nationalists.

Odessa tub rog Governor

Odessa Aleksey Almazov nco qab txog li ib tug nyuaj lub taub hau, ntes nrog xob ceev los ntawm tej kev hem thawj rau lawv lub hwj chim. Rau qhov no, thiab cov Bolsheviks, thiab cov dawb, nws muaj lub koob npe nrov raws li ib tug dictator. Nws tau raug hu lub adventurer thiab piv nrog rau ambitious Napoleon. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov pob zeb diamond nws tus kheej xav pom lawv muab siab npuab lub commander nyob rau hauv Hmoob ntawm lub Volunteer Army ntawm Denikin.

Mob taub hau tub rog tswv xeev los ua tsis tau tsuas yog cov Bolsheviks, tab sis kuj criminals, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog heev heev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Odessa. Odessa criminals thawj coj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog tus naas ej bandit Mishka Jap. Nws confrontation nrog Almazov coj mus rau ob peb hai tau npaj siab ntawm kev. Tawm tsam nrog criminals, cov tub rog tswv xeev tsis yig mus rau chaw uasi rau extrajudicial killings thiab xav tias tsam lawv tam sim no. Cov tib txoj hmoo poob mus rau lub Bolsheviks, rau cov uas pob zeb diamond kuj yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov hais tsis zoo nuj nqis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov dawb zog.

xeem lub hom phiaj

Nyob rau hauv Odessa Almazov daim duab tsis nplua ntau. Nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1919 nws twb lawb tawm mus los ntawm nws ncej, thiab tib lub hnub sab laug lub nroog. Nyob rau qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm uncontrolled dav ntawm Fabkis tub ceev xwm hais tias nyob rau hauv hais tias lub sij hawm ua tau nyob rau hauv lub nroog nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes. Cia li ib ob peb lub lis piam neeg txawv teb chaws nrawm nroos evacuated los ntawm Odessa, tawm hauv nws nti ua ntej lub Red Army thiab lub Ukrainian rebels. Tsis ntev lub nroog raug ntes los ntawm ib tug me me detachment ntawm lub ataman Nikifor Grigoriev.

Meanwhile, General Diamonds rov qab mus rau lub Volunteer Army. Anton Denikin xa nws nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm lub delegation ntawm Alexander Kolchak, ib tug ob peb lub hlis dhau los, tshaj tawm hais tias nws tus kheej lub zoo tshaj plaws uas kav lub Russia. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb, nyob rau Almazov nws muaj ib tug tov lub koob npe nrov. Siberia yog qhov chaw uas cov tub rog mob siab, nws twb txuam nrog rau kev vam meej ntawm cov thawj lub sij hawm ntawm lub Civil War. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov General yuav tsis tos kom tau rov qab mus rau nws tus poj niam.

Kev detachment ntawm 41 cov neeg dhau los ntawm lub Caspian hiav txwv. Dawb tsis muaj teeb meem sailed rau lub nkoj "Layla", thaum lawv txog ntsha tau cuam tshuam nyob ze Fort Alexander tus (niaj hnub no Fort-Shevchenko, Kazakhstan). Lub me me nkoj yog ib tug nyob rau ib tug nrog ib tug zoo-kawm destroyer "Karl Liebknecht", nyob rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib ntawm uas twb npaj mus tua superior rau tus xov tooj ntawm cov tub rog liab ntawm Denikin.

Aleksey Almazov, paub hais tias cov hopelessness uas nws qhov teeb meem no thiab tsis xav kom muaj nyob rau tus neeg raug txhom los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, tua nws tus kheej nrog nws tus kheej rab phom. Yog li twb lub neej ntawm ib qho ntawm lub ci ntsa iab tshaj cov tub rog cov thawj coj ntawm lub Dawb lub zog. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union Diamonds nws los ua ib tug ci ntsa iab piv txwv ntawm cov kev mob-tyrant thiab ib tug tsis zoo ua cim nyob rau hauv ntau tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab.