Economic xav tau kev pab, lawv qhov khoom thiab cais

Economists, kws tshawb fawb thiab txawj xav yog muab rau kawm qhov xwm ntawm tib neeg xav tau kev pab ntau npaum mloog, ntseeg hais tias cov xav tau kev pab raws li kev sib raug zoo kev sib raug zoo.

Economic xav tau kev pab - cov no yog cov nrog incentives rau zus tau tej cov tsim nyog pej xeem cov khoom thiab cov kev pab cuam. Xav tau kev pab txhawb kom siv zoo pab li nraaj li sai tau lub pov tseg. Economic xav tau kev pab kuj qhia cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg mus rau lawv tej yam kev mob ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Lawv qhia thiab cov kev sib raug zoo uas tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tis thiab zus tau tej cov uas yuav tsum tau nyiaj txiag pab.

Classification ntawm nyiaj txiag xav tau kev pab:

Nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm:

• Tej (tus neeg), collective, pej xeem (khoom noj khoom haus, tsev nyob, khaub ncaws, kev xav tau kev pab nyob rau hauv ib tug tsim nyog cov thawj coj, ib tug zoo puas siab puas ntsws kev nyab xeeb, zoo tej yam kev mob ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, paub lub collective economic kev xav tau ntawm zej zog -. Nws yog economic kev loj hlob, ib tug dej siab nyiaj txiag kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, hla ntawm nce nqi , sis tshaj, nyiaj poob hauj lwm;
• Cov kev xav tau ntawm Enterprises, cov tsev neeg, hais tias yog economic tswv (qhov yuav tsum tau rau high-zoo khoom, tej hauj lwm thiab kev pab cuam thaum uas tsis muaj nqi, kev txhim kho lub competitiveness ntawm cov khoom, txo cov nqi, maximizing profits, ib qho kev nce rau hauv tsoom fwv cov nyiaj tau los, thiab lwm yam)

Nyob rau tej yaam num:

• Physiological - vim lub fact tias tus txiv neej yog ib tug lom qab, uas yog tsim nyog los tswj lawv livelihoods;
• Social - qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov lus qhia, kev sib txuas lus, kev kawm ntawv, thiab nrog paub txog txoj hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov haiv neeg;
• Khoom - qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov kev pab thiab cov kev pab, muaj ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas daim ntawv;
• Sab ntsuj plig - nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm xav tau kev pab, nws tus kheej-kev txhim kho, txuj ci kev loj hlob;
• Tseem ceeb - cov neeg uas yuav ua tau txaus siab nrog lub necessities;
• Secondary - cov neeg uas yog txaus siab los ntawm cov khoom kim heev cov khoom;

Feem ntau cov kom meej meej rau economic kev xav tau ntawm cov haiv neeg thiab lawv hierarchy nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm txhua tus neeg xwm nyob rau hauv Maslow lub hierarchy. Economic xav tau kev pab cov txheej txheem raws li nram no (sab saum toj mus rau nram qab ntawm tsis tseem ceeb rau basic):

• self-realization
• Respect, paub los ntawm haiv neeg
• Social (kev hlub, kev phooj ywg, thiab lwm yam)
• Security thiab ib tug nkag siab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg
• physiological

Qhov no kev faib yog nyob deb ntawm cov feem ntau ntau yam yavlyaetsya, raws li nws los nyob rau hauv bolsheystepeni ntawm lub lom xav tau kev pab ntawm lub hom, thiab tsis los ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab lwm yam ntxwv uas txawv tib neeg.

Economic xav tau kev pab: cov kev faib ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm tau lawv siv:

Tsis - mam li tawm thiab yog nrhiav tau nrog cov tam sim no theem ntawm technology thiab cov kev loj hlob ntawm science (piv txwv li, kev thov rau mobile xov tooj tau tsis yooj yim sua ib tug ob peb xyoo dhau los vim tsis muaj kev muaj peev xwm);

Tiag tiag - nws yuav tsum muab los siv nrog rau tam sim no theem ntawm science thiab kev lag luam;

Hnyav - cov neeg muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li nrog koj cov nyiaj. Nws yog ib cov xav tau kev pab yog feem ntau xav producers.

Tab sis hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua. Ntau kev xav tau kev pab raws li Keeb kwm, lawv yog heev nyob rau kev cai thiab kev cai dab qhuas haiv, raws li zoo raws li kev nyab xeeb, thaj tej yam kev mob, pw ua ke, lub hnub nyoog thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Yog li, cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, piv txwv li, cov neeg nyob ntawm Sweden thiab Australia los yog ispoveduschih txawv kev ntseeg xwb thiaj radically txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Ib qho tseem ceeb feature yuav tsum tau - lawv yuav tsis muaj txaus siab, thaum lub sij hawm tseem yuav los siav lawv yog tsis muaj nyiaj txiag muaj. Tom qab tag nrho, tus txiv neej yog li ntawd constituted uas nws lub siab nyiam yog feem ntau ntau tshaj li qhov tau ntawm zus tau tej cov khoom, lawv tua. Nyob rau qhov no hauv paus, muaj txawm tsim txoj cai zuj zus uas yuav tsum tau, uas hais tias lawv yog ua sai dua tus zus tau tej cov khoom. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub puas tawm xyoo nws twb cim los ntawm ib tug qauv Engel, uas hais tias ib qho kev nce rau hauv zoo-qab txo cov nqi uas txuam nrog cov khoom ntawm thawj yuav tsum muaj. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, tsuas yog ib tug heev me me ib feem ntawm cov nyiaj tau los yog siv rau khoom noj khoom haus, thaum lub sij hawm lub ntsiab siv lees paub rau luxuries.