Zone Arctic deserts

Muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ib tug heev tshwj xeeb chaw uas zoo heev: lub northernmost ntug ntawm cov teb chaws Asia thiab sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws Amelikas, raws li zoo raws li cov kob chaw uas zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub Arctic, lub ncov qaumteb qabteb cheeb tsam ib thaj tsam uas xa tuaj nrog.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub arctic suab puam? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog tshwj xeeb kev nyab xeeb, qhov muaj yog tsis muaj tseeb division rau hauv lub caij nyoog. Muaj tsuas yog lub caij ntuj no, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm cov ncov qaumteb qabteb hmo ntuj nrog kub tswj, fluctuating ntawm kaum thiab tsib caug degrees nrog ib tug rho tawm kos npe rau, thiab heev luv luv summers nrog lub ncov qaumteb qabteb hnub thiab qhov kub thiab txias tsis pub tshaj pes tsawg tus cim rau lub pas ntsuas kub.

arctic suab puam thaj tsam muaj ib tug meej struts: cov nab kuab thiab cov daus npog enormous kob cheeb tsam. Lub archipelago ntawm Franz Josef them nrog dej khov nyob rau eighty-xya rau ib xees, cov qaum teb kob ntawm Novaya Zemlya - plaub caug feem pua, thiab Ushakov kob yuav luag tag icebound. Severnaya Zemlya (islands) rau plaub caug-tsib ib xees yog them los ntawm nees nkaum-ob ice shields.

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab Arctic cheeb tsam ntawm lub suab puam muaj xws li qhov chaw ntawm lub sab qaum teb feem ntau point (Franz Josef Land) rau cov huab sab qab teb (Wrangel Island), cov kob ntawm Novaya Zemlya, cov khoom Tshiab Siberian Islands tuaj, lub sab qaum teb thaj av, cov tuaj txog pem ntwg ntawm lub Taimyr ceg av qab teb thiab cov Arctic seas nyob hauv cheeb tsam no.

arctic suab puam thaj tsam them nrog snow thiab cov icebound tag nrho cov xyoo puag ncig. Nag lossis daus ntog no heev tsis tshua muaj. Lawv txhua xyoo tus nqi sib npaug zos rau 200-300 millimeters, thiab lawv yog sawv cev tsuas yog los ntawm snow thiab cov te. Txoj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub Arctic deserts exacerbated los ntawm muaj zog cua, nquag tuab pos huab thiab siab huab.

Lub nyem ntawm cov Islands tuaj lom zem ntau zoo sib xws. Nws yog ib tug ca tiaj nyob rau hauv lub chaw ntug hiav chaw thiab tej toj roob nyob rau hauv lub domestic sector. Monotonous tiaj nyem yog cov yam ntxwv xwb ntawm Tshiab Siberian Islands. Nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj ntawm lub Arctic ib ncig ntawm lub qub Soviet Union, yuav luag tsib caug-rau txhiab square meters ntawm qhov chaw yog ib qho cheeb tsam ntawm dej khov. Mis nyuj ntawv thickness yog sib npaug zos rau peb puas ntawm cov Tshiab lub ntiaj teb, lub ntiaj teb North - ob puas thiab Franz Josef av - ib puas meters. Maximum peev xwm ntawm permafrost (sab qaum teb ntawm lub Taimyr ceg av qab teb) tshaj tsib puas meters.

Yuav ua li cas tej zaum yuav xav tsis thoob rau hauv lub arctic suab puam tsam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov nroj tsuag? Zoo, nws yog ceeb lub mere fact tias lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub permafrost tsam. Kiag li, cov cheeb tsam no yog hu ua cov suab puam, raws li cov muaj yog neeg pluag thiab monotonous. Cov nroj tsuag cover yog nraus, thiab tag nrho cov txheej tsis pub tshaj rau caum-tsib feem pua. Thiab lub puab yog ib feem ntawm cov Islands tuaj (roob, toj) yog them nrog tsis muaj ntau tshaj peb feem pua. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub cheeb tsam yog sawv cev los ntawm mosses, Lichens (mas crustose), algae. Flowering nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub Arctic pib blackgrass Alpine, Arctic pickerel, buttercup, kamenolomkoy daus, Arctic poppy. Peb puas thiab tsib caug hom ntau dua cov nroj tsuag yog ib tug Arctic kob muaj, qhov uas yog ho txawv nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub sab qab teb.

Yog hais tias sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub Taimyr ceg av qab teb yog yus muaj los ntawm cov nyom-ntxhuab Arctic suab puam, rau sab qab teb - cov Tshiab Siberian Islands - yog hloov nyob rau hauv lub impoverished cov suab puam tsob nroj-ntxhuab nrog lub advent ntawm lub ncov qaumteb qabteb willow thiab saxifrage. Tab sis cov dej khov cheeb tsam ntawm sab qab teb, kuj yog muab los ntawm tsob nroj-ntxhuab Arctic suab puam - qhov no yog ib tug zoo-tsim tsob nroj txheej nrog cov ncov qaumteb qabteb thiab arctic willow thiab Dryads.

Vim cov uas tsis muaj nroj tsuag tsim tau fauna arctic suab puam tsam yog txom nyem heev: lemmings thiab Arctic hma, polar bears thiab ib co chaw reindeer, walruses thiab cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Nyob rau hauv Greenland musk twm yuav pom. Rocky ntug dej hiav txwv nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov - ib qhov chaw ntawm colonial ua zes seabirds. Loon thiab tus noog, guillemot thiab dub guillemot, gus thiab, ntawm chav kawm, los daus plas nruab nrab yog cov nceeg vaj ntawm cov noog nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nyuaj tej yam kev mob ntawm lub hws khov roob moj sab qhua.