Dislocation - dab tsi yog qhov no? Li cas rau cov txiag ntawm cov tub rog units, ships, tsheb, txoj kev qhia, los yog justices ntawm kev thaj yeeb?

Lub tswvyim ntawm "dislocation" yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv science, ua tub rog tej xwm txheej, kev cai lij choj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tsev hais plaub tham txog lawv cov kev ua rog. Cov tswvyim no tuaj los ntawm cov Latin lus thiab translates li "dislocation", "txav", "ua haujlwm", "qhov chaw", "qhov chaw".

Science News for KIDS

Xav txog cov piv txwv ntawm lub tswvyim rau cov muaju. Cov lug yuav muaj ib co tsis xws luag. Lawv yog cov uas zoo sib xws rau cov kab, thiab atomic hais lawv tus kheej yog tsis zoo muab. Hais tias xws li ib tug kev hloov no yog hu ua dislocations nyob rau hauv lub siv lead ua. Lawv yog cov structurally-sensitive, hloov ib co ntawm lawv lub zog. Dislocation - ib tug ua txhaum ntawm ob sab nraum thiab sab hauv. siv lead ua nws tus kheej loses nws txhua yam khoom, nws tsis yog raws li check thiab ywj.

kev faib

Dislocation yog lub ntug thiab ntsia hlau. Yog hais tias tus siv lead ua yog zoo meej, ces tag nrho ntev ntawm lub atomic dav hlau cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus. Tiam sis thaum lawv tawg hauv cov qauv nws tus kheej, nws leads mus rau ib tug ntug dislocation. Qhov no txhais tau tias ib tug ntxiv ib nrab-tsim. Nws yog xa mus rau raws li lub deformation axis. Yog hais tias peb siv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob, koj yuav tau saib daim duab nyob rau hauv kev nthuav dav thiab saib yuav ua li cas hais txheej txheem atomic kab. Yog hais tias tus siv lead ua nws tus kheej mus ua ib tug incision nrog lub dav hlau mus rau hauv plaub qhov chaw, thiab ces tsiv mus nyob rau lowermost txheej txheeb ze mus rau lub sab saum toj 1 interatomic deb nyob rau hauv ib tug perpendicular kev taw qhia, thiab tom qab tag nrho cov no rov qab mus rau muab tag nrho cov atoms ntawm cov npoo opposite rau txhua lwm yam, ces nws yog ib qhov qauv yuav txig piv txwv ntawm ntug dislocation. Qhov thib ob incision - yog ua haujlwm taw qhia, uas yog hu ua tus Burgers vector. Therethrough thiab nws tus kheej kab defect yuav dhau lub ris hauv qab dav hlau ntawm dislocations. Yog li, qhov no ntxiv dav hlau yog tsim. Cov siv lead ua nws tus kheej tau poob nws cov tsos thiab zoo txawv heev, raws li nws yuav tsum. Dislocation - yog nyob rau hauv ib co zoo ntawm kev nyuaj siab. Lawv tshwm sim hauv lub tsev. Ua ntej lub sij ua haujlwm tag nrho cov siv lead ua ncav us txog ntawm ib tug xav elastic. Tab sis, ces lub xeev no yog tsis muaj zog txaus. Pib nrog kev hloov hauv qhov chaw, uas ua rau yus mus rau ib tug dislocation. Vectors shear uas yog nyob rau hauv nro vim lub polarized lub teeb, yuav ob leeg nyiam thiab ua. Yog hais tias cov vectors yog tib yam, cov ua haujlwm cai nyob rau hauv lub siv lead ua qauv uas yog ncav us txog nyob rau hauv ib tug kev taw qhia thiab swb mus rau lwm lub. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm txiag mus kom ze no offset yog compensated.

xaav

Crystal yuav deformed, tab sis nws tsis tshwm sim li ntawd cia li. Thaum no tus taw tes, cia li sab hauv lub tsiv dislocation. Qhov no tshwm sim yog lub npe hu ua lub ris hauv qab. Thaum zoo li no cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim, tus siv lead ua yog deformed los ntawm ib tug deb sib npaug zos rau lub thib ob notch. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis muaj deformation cai ntawm tag nrho cov atoms, tab sis, theej tsuas yog ntawm cov neeg nyob rau lub axis. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov kev pab ntawm lwm yam yog tsis yuav tsum tau. Txhua yam tshwm sim nrog ib tug kuj tsis tshua muaj voltage, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muab piv rau dab nyob rau hauv zoo tagnrho muaju, uas yog yuav hloov tsis tau dislocation. Nws yog tau mus soj ntsuam cov piv txwv ntawm cov xov zoo li lug.

Common zog

Ob dislocation tau xaub perpendicular mus rau qhov chaw, uas ua rau yus mus rau ib tug nce ntawm. Qhov no tshwm sim yog vim lub fact tias muaj yog ib tug diffusion ntawm atoms, tab sis thaum kub decreases, slows cia thiab interpenetration. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug hnyav load, tag nrho cov atoms yog thuam nws thiab maj mam nkag mus rau lub txoj hauj lwm rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, zawv zawg tshwm sim. Tab sis cov txheej txheem no yog npaj los txo kev nyuaj siab. Deformation nws tus kheej yog ncaj qha xwm yeem mus rau tshaj tawm los ntawm lub dislocation. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, yog hais tias tus hloov yog tau tsis tau hloov, tsuas yog thaum lub diffusion yog nqa tawm.

muaj

Muaj ntau yam tabkaum free zawv zawg. Cov no muaj xws, nyob rau hauv particular, lub tebchaw xws li atomic zog, cov neeg pluag electron conductivity, xws li co, elasticity, kev sis raug zoo nrog rau lwm cov dislocations thiab t. D. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub me ntawm cov obstacles, tus ceev yuav offset. Thiab sai li sai tau raws li lub voltage nce thiab lub ris hauv qab yuav tsub kom. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, kev ua lej muaj pov thawj hais tias dislocation - ib tug topological tsis xws luag. Lawv tsim ruaj khov muaju. Thiab yog hais tias ob tug shear lub ntsej muag, lawv yuav tua txhua lwm yam, yuav ploj. Tib tib dislocation disappears tsuas yog thaum cov nyiaj ntawm lub kab qauv. Tom ntej no, xav txog lub lwm spheres ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm no lub tswvyim.

armed forces

Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, coj txawv txawv thaum lawv tseem ntawm lo lus, thiab nws tseem zoo nkauj yooj yim tiag tiag. Txiag ntawm pab tub rog - nws yog ib tug nqi koj tshuav ntawm armed forces, troops, chav nyob, ships, naval bases. Nws yuav tshwm sim ob leeg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws uas lawv yuav, raws li zoo raws li tshaj nws cov ciam teb rau lwm. Qhov chaw ntawm txiag - yog lub cheeb tsam cov txiag ntawm pab tub rog ua ntej ib qho tseem ceeb sib ntaus sib tua. Team muaj pes tsawg leeg li no qhia meej txog qhov twg ib tug neeg xa, qhov twg yuav tsiv mus nyob rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm. Cov kev hloov hauv qhov kev tso kawm yuav tsum tau nruj kev tso cai. Tsuas tuam txhab uas muag, battalions thiab roj teeb yuav muab koj hloov regiments yuav, commanders nyob rau hauv uas lawv nyob, thiab cov kev faib taub hau yuav pov tseg ntawm lub battalion, tab sis tawm ntawm lub teev cheeb tsam no yog txwv tsis pub. Tshwj xeeb phaib dislocation. Lawv muaj xws li zwj ceeb tso tej yam tshwm sim rog.

ships

Tab sis lub maps uas qhia los ntawm cov txiag ntawm cov hlab ntsha nqa ntaub ntawv muaj nuj nqi. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, koj yuav siv tsis tau lawv los mus txiav txim qhov tseeb thaum kawg nyob rau hauv maritime navigation. Yuav kom daim ntawv qhia ib tug tshwj xeeb kev qhia kom paub system siv. Thaum lub kuas qhia tau hais tias nyob qhov twg thiab nyob qhov twg lub zog ntawm ships tshwm sim.

Tsheb ciav hlau / railway

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, lub Baltic States thiab CIS lub teb chaws nqa tawm kev ua rog ntawm wagons. Thiab ib zaug los yog ob zaug ib hnub twg ua ntaub ntawv rau qhov kev tso kawm ntawm compositions. Cov dab tshwm sim tam sim ntawd teem tseg. Siv nrhiav lub zog thiab tis muaj peev xwm yuav manually. Tseem muaj tsis siv neeg txoj kev. Lawv hais kom cov kev xaiv. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog hu ua "Thov kom lub chaw nres tsheb."

Lub tswvyim ntawm dislocation ntawm txoj kev tshwm sim

Tag nrho cov ntawm no kev tso kawm system yuav muaj xws li ob peb yam tseem ceeb. Yog li, lub yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm txoj kev yog suav tias yog lub hom phiaj rau cov tsheb, los curves thiab longitudinal slopes. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj cim nyob rau hauv txoj kev, qhov layout ntawm cov cim thiab cov kev txwv, navigation thiab txoj hauj lwm tsheb Pib ntsais koj teeb, hla (ob av thiab nqhuab). Yuav tsum tau cim teeb, pej xeem thauj. Muaj ntau ntau daim ntaub ntawv uas yuav pab tau koj txiav txim seb lub txim ntawm txoj kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug qhov chaw ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob. Lawv zoo li ib daim ntawv qhia los yog navigation.

lwm tus neeg mob

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj txawm tias ib tug dislocation ntawm lub paj hlwb. Qhov no tshwm sim tshwm sim thaum moog ib tus txheeb ze mus rau lwm yam qauv. Qhov no txoj kev ua rau ntau yam kab mob, nyob rau hauv particular mus cuam tshuam ntawm kev thiab t. D. Vim lub hlwb tsis kiag li sau lub pob txha taub hau, hais tias thaum raug rau tej yam tseem ceeb, nws yuav moog, li no deform. Tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm raws sij hawm kev kho mob ntawm lub cev tsis tu tsis tseg rau ua kom zoo.

xaus

Yog li ntawd, lub dislocation - ib tug multifaceted tswvyim. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw. Qhov no tej zaum yuav siv tau rau muaju, rau tsheb, mus rau cov tub rog cov khoom thiab txawm lub paj hlwb. Nyob rau hauv txhua teb acquires ib tug ntxiv lub sij hawm lub ntsiab lus ntau nqaim nqi nyob rau hauv raws li qhov suav hais tias cheeb tsam.