Discourse - yog dab tsi? discourse hom. Cov kev xav ntawm kev daws

Peb txhua tus to taub cov txim hluav taws xob kev hais lus thiab kev sau ntawv los ntawm cov tswj kev hu txoj kev, ntawm chav kawm, tsis txhaum. Ices kev kho mob yuav tsum kis cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg tiag tiag nyob rau hauv lub classical zajlus lus. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav muab suav hais tias tsis los rau tus ib tug tshwj xeeb cov lo lus commonplace txhua hnub kab zauv.

Kev txiav txim ntawm kev daws

Tsis tsuas yog science, tab sis kuj cov ntaub ntawv kiv puag ncig qhab nia lub XXI caug xyoo. Babbitt hnub no confronted txhua txhua hnub nrog ib co lus SIB TXUAS LUS. Peb yog tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lawv txhua txhua hnub kev sib txuas lus thiab ua tsaug rau cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm peb ntaub ntawv txaus xov xwm raus nyob rau hauv kev daws. "Yuav ua li cas yog nws?" - nug cov txawj xav nyeem ntawv ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm. Cov lus teb yog remarkably succinct txhais tau muab rau hauv cov phau ntawv txhais Tshiab Webster: nws yog hais lus sib txuas lus.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub sij hawm

Lub sij hawm yog tau los ntawm lub Latin discursus, uas txhais tau tias "lub voj voog ntawm lub zog." Thaum lub sij hawm, lub unordered chaotic taw ntawm lub cev dav hlau hloov. Lawv los ua txuam nrog rau ntau yam "multi-directional" kev xav, tswv yim, muaj ntau haiv neeg views ntawm cov neeg sib txawv nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem qub. Tom qab ntawd, muaj lwm transformation ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Nws pib tshee txuam nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov neeg nws yog nrog lub tswvyim ntawm lus rau sawvdaws. Hais tias yog, mus piav qhia txog tsuas. Yuav luag tej ntaub ntawv cov lus cog tseg: seb lub tsev, los ntawm lub tshav pob ntawm kev nom kev tswv, ideology, kab lis kev cai, kev kawm, cov tub rog affairs - yog ib tug - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov hom ntawm kev daws.

Ib tug specialist nyob hauv daim teb, xibfwb, University of Amsterdam TA Van Deyk sij nws cov ntsiab muaj nuj nqi raws li ib tug kev sib txuas lus - mus txia ua lub macro-phenomena, xws li science, ideology, kab lis kev cai, yuav luag mus rau txhua tus neeg nyob microsocial theem ntawm dispensing ntaub ntawv cawv.

Discourse thiab cov ntawv nyeem

Yuav ua li cas distinguishes cov ntawv nyeem thiab kev daws? Tom qab tag nrho, lawv muaj ib qho feature: ib tug zoo kev daws tseem yeej muaj ib tug thawj tivthaiv - cov ntawv nyeem. Txawm li cas los, raws li peb twb hais, xws li ib tug ntawv nyeem tsis yog ib qho kev kawm lossis kev tshwm. Thaum lub forefront ntawm nws cov hauj lwm zoo, piv txwv li. E. Cov kwv yees thiab pom tau hais hais lus cawv, ua tau puv hauv cov ntawv nyeem rau hauv kev daws. Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm nqaim-hais lus txiav txim? Cov kev daws yog yeej ib txwm qhia rau ib tug tej yam khoom, nyob rau hauv ib tug ib puag ncig thiab ib lub hom phiaj cov neeg tuaj saib. Thiab nws yeej qhia cov lus qhia txog nws nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntsiab lus teb. Cais daws yog ib tug homogeneous (coherent) kev txiav txim zoo block.

Txawm li cas los, cov saw hlau ntawm kev daws yog tsis discrete, ib block xaus, lwm pib, thiab thiaj li nws simulates ib tug raug kev sib tham, uas yog ib tug ib theem zuj zus yam: .. Ib tug xaus, thiab los hloov nws los lwm discourse. Hais tias qhov no zoo ntawm tham cawv muaj ib ntu qauv, kom meej meej qha cov kev xyaum ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov xov xwm.

tus kheej kev daws

Ntau hom ntawm cov haiv neeg yog yooj yim coj los ntawm lawv cov motives thiab cov ntxhais yog siv nyob rau hauv lawv li ib txwm daim ntawv.

Lawv yog cov thawj, nyob rau hauv ib tes, thiab tshwj xeeb - nyob rau lwm yam. Lub tswvyim ntawm "kev daws" sociolinguistics sub-muab faib mus rau hauv cov chaw haujlwm thiab lichnostnoorientirovanny (tus kheej).

Tus thawj hom yuav tsum tau ib tug hais dabneeg yuav muaj ib co kev lub tsev kawm ntawv, kom paub tias nws tus kheej raws li ib tug tub ceev xwm. Qhov thib ob yuav muaj kev sib tham nrog cov neeg tuaj saib los ntawm xa mus rau nws rau kuv tus kheej. Qhov no hom ntawm kev sib txuas lus uas tsom rua lub private kev txaus siab ntawm lub cev.

Hom kev daws, nyob rau hauv lem, yog subdivided rau hauv hom. Yog li, koj tus kheej yog hais nyob rau hauv ntau ntau yam: txhua hnub thiab existential.

Social sis yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg paub, to taub txhua lwm yam zoo. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog nrog los ntawm ib tug hais lus hu nonverbal, supplementing nws. Cov hais lus assumes uas tus mloog to taub nws zoo kawg nkaus, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus yog heev mobile.

Existential zoo ntawm kev daws tshwm sim thaum ib tug neeg, siv txawv cov nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus, cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav nthuav lawv cov kev txhais ntawm kev muaj tiag, yog vim li cas lawv tus cwj pwm, thiab dab tsi yog hu ua lub puab ntiaj teb no. Nws yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov ntawv tseeb. Existential kev sib txuas lus tej yam, nyob rau hauv essence, txawv los ntawm lub domestic. Txawm li cas los, lawv tsis muaj nyob rau hauv ntau: cov discourse xav tias lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug active mloog. Uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev koom ua kev zoo siab ntawm cov lus hais hais dabneeg.

chaw discourse

Qhov no hom ntawm kev daws yog txawv nrog lawv raws li txoj cai thiab lub luag hauj lwm kev sib raug zoo. Lus kev sib txuas lus tshwm sim nyob rau ntawd rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub zej zog, xws li kev tswj xyuas, ua tub rog, ua lag ua luam, diplomatic thiab loj ntaub ntawv, kev kho mob, mystical, scientific, kev kawm ntawv, advertising, kev cai dab qhuas, kev ua si, scenic, kev cai lij choj, kev nom kev tswv.

Txhua yam ntawm cov chaw haujlwm hom kev sib txuas lus cawv yog yus muaj los ntawm ob tug yam ntxwv tseem ceeb: lub hom phiaj orientation ntawm lub discourse thiab nws cov neeg tuaj saib. Advertising daws tshwm sim ntawm cov koom haum advertisers thiab advertising addressees nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev: nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm, nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb glossy cov phau ntawv Magazine, advertising campaigns los ntawm cov xovxwm, thoob plaws siv sab nraum zoov advertising (billboards, laytpbordy, advertising nyob rau hauv thauj). Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nom kev tswv kev daws tso tau feeb ntau tau cov tuaj rau lub hwj chim ntawm lub tog thiab lub txuas ntxiv muaj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws.

Feem ntau hais lus, cais ib tug yam ntawm cov chaw haujlwm discourse, yuav tsum qhia nws cov xam qhovkev yam ntxwv: discursive mis, cov khoom (kev kawm), precedent ntawv, hom thiab lwm yam, lub tswv yim, koom, lub sij hawm-qhov chaw, lub hom phiaj, qhov tseem ceeb (xws li tus yuam sij tswvyim). Hauv qab no peb yuav sim ua li no cais ib tug ntawm nws hom.

scientific discourse

Cov neeg koom ntawm lub chaw haujlwm discourse, hu ua Science, soj ntsuam ntawm yog scientific teeb meem thiab cov pej xeem - lub viewers thiab cov neeg uas tau nyeem scientific txhua hnub. Nws precondition yog lub koob pheej ntawm lawv cov neeg, vim hais tias tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov Attendance yuav nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev phiv sib txuas lus rau tsim txoj kev tseeb. Txawm li cas los, lub scientific discourse dog dig contradictory. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, koom tes nyob rau hauv nws yuav los koom ua lawv chaws, xa mus rau txhua lub lwm yam "lug txhawb cov miv", thiab nyob rau lwm yam - tsa teeb meem mus txawv teb chaws kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub discourse los ntawm cov kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb scientific ibyam thiab statuses. Thaum zoo li no kev kawm yog tsis tshua muaj neeg abstracted, cov txawj. Yog li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus nyhuv ntawm cov pov thawj.

Ntsiab ntawm scientific discourse

Lub tswvyim ntawm scientific discourse presupposes multifunction koom tes los ntawm kws tshawb fawb. Odnoremenno lawv qhia lawv tus kheej raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm, raws li cov kws qhia ntawv, raws li ib tug neeg pab txhawb, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, raws li kws txawj nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv kev sib tham.

Tus nqi ntawm qhov no zoo ntawm tham txiav txim cov lus dag nyob rau hauv nws yooj yim lub tswv yim: kev txawj ntse, qhov tseeb, txoj kev tshawb. Nws muaj ib tug tej yam kev txawj ntse ntawm lub tswv yim. Nws yuav lub successive blocks ntawm kev tshawb fawb: kev txwv thiab kev rho tawm ntawm cov kev kawm; kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm yav dhau los kev tshawb fawb kev; formulation ntawm hypotheses thiab cov hom phiaj; kev txiav txim txoj kev; tsim ib tug theoretical qauv formulated los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb kawm; kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam, cov lus rau lawv thiab cov neeg ib phaum saib xyuas; txhais ntawm cov tswv yim muaj nuj nqis; kev nthuav qhia nyob rau hauv scientific txhua hnub.

lwm yam

Lub tswvyim ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem sawv nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov XIX caug xyoo, lub tswvyim ntawm kev daws - nyob rau ntawm xaus ntawm XX. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm lawv ua ke Bulgarian kawm Todorov Tsvetan nyob rau hauv 1975. Ib tug prerequisite rau cov kauj ruam no yog qhov teeb meem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm scientific "discourse" qeb: hauv ib yam ntawm nws hom yuav tsum tau ntxiv kev nthuav dav ntawm lub tsev ntawm kev hais lus kev sib txuas lus. Tsis tshua muaj neeg sab tswvyim ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem yog zoo meej tau tuaj mus rau piav qhia txog cov qauv ntawm kev daws. Nws cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias, nyob rau hauv ib tes, nws yog ua los ntawm lub tuam txhab, thiab nyob rau lwm yam - muaj feem xyuam rau nws superstructure.

Raws li peb hais, lub discourse lwm yam txog rau nws tej views raws li nws tus kheej kev nthuav qhia. Nyob rau hauv kev, ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm scientific discourse yuav hu ua paub daws teeb, nthuav qhia ntawm lub rooj sab laj, thesis, monographs, scientific-kev qhia, kev tshawb fawb qhia, kev soj ntsuam, sau ntawv, daim ntawv loj loj, paub daws teeb, scientific daim ntawv.

Niaj hnub nimno ib hom ntawv nyeem system ntawm scientific discourse tab sis nws sau ntawv thiab hais lus hom, xws li ib tug computer thiab kev sib txuas lus (ncha-lub rooj sib tham, kev chats, e-mail).

Advertising discourse: ib tug mechanism

Peb pom zoo nrog tus kws kho mob ntawm philological sciences Irinoy Germanovnoy Ovchinnikovoy hais tias cov discourse ntawm advertising yog txawv los ntawm lwm yam lus kev sib txuas lus ntawm nws cov autonomy. Tsis zoo li lwm yam "chaw" nws muaj xav unidirectional, los ntawm lub advertiser rau cov neeg siv. Nws yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv qhov xwm ntawm pragmatic rau ib lub hom phiaj - profit. Ntxiv mus, lub advertising yuav raug nruj me ntsis tswj kev sib txuas lus kev nthuav qhia kev txiav txim: channel, lub sij hawm thiab kis tau tus mob zaus. Zoo advertising yuav tsum tau yoog mus rau kev cai ntawm cov haiv neeg uas nws yog nyob rau cov neeg sawv cev.

Lub multi-ncau xwm ntawm lub advertising discourse vividly illustrated nyob rau hauv ib tug siv tau, txawm ib tug sau raws li Viktor Pelevin tus tshiab "Chapaev thiab Emptiness". Txoj kev nws thawj zaub: ib tug tshiab xwb yog ib sib tov ntawm kev daws, cov uas yog ib tug leading advertising. Lub protagonist, ib tug copywriter Tatar, tsim promotional khoom nyob rau hauv ntau yam lwm yam: holistic phiaj los nqis tes clips scenario, advertising tswv yim thiab slogans. Raws li, raws li Pelevin, copywriters txhawb kom cov neeg - advertising khoom - mus muas tej yam khoom thiab cov kev pab cuam? Tatar yog piav los ntawm tus thawj. Cov neeg, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, yog lossi sim mus nrhiav txoj kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv lawv tas mus li kev txom nyem. Thiab rau lawv ntse advertisers li los ntawm advertising kev daws razorachivayut kev muaj tiag hais tias qhov no heev txoj kev ywj pheej tshwm sim los nrog tis, hlau, ID thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

Nyob rau hauv lub tshiab "Tus faj tim teb chaws," cov txawj sau ntawv ceeb toom, nws qhia tau hais tias qhov tsis zoo sab ntawm ib tug disproportionately overgrown advertising daws, mimicry nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov spheres ntawm lub neej, glamour kev hloov rau tus cuj pwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov haiv neeg. Nws criticizes lub discourse, disorienting neeg nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv ntawm lub neej lub hom phiaj thiab hloov obschestvoobrazuyuschie hauv paus ntsiab lus.

Ntiaj teb no Network thiab Discourse

Ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub XXI xyoo pua yog tus rov tshwm sim ntawm tshiab hom kev sib txuas lus generated los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yees. Nyob rau hauv kev, kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm lub Internet hnub no occupies ib tug tseem ceeb qhov chaw rau cov neeg feem coob. Internet daws ua raws li ib tug symbiosis ntawm lub epistolary thiab conversational style. Nws lub ntsiab txoj kev txhais cov ntsiab lus yuav ua piv txwv qhia - predictive tsom xam Circuit Court hloov lwm lub tsev yog ib yam khoom (phenomenon) mus rau lwm lub. Internet daws, raws li AG Abramov, muaj qhov xwm ntawm ib tug sib tham, t. E. sib tham sib thiab ua li cas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws assumes lub lawv ntawm kev sib txuas lus, cov nyiam hu. Txhais kom meej nws, yuav tsum xav txog nws tivthaiv qhov chaw, tab sis qhov no yog ib lub npe rau ib tsab xov xwm.

xaus

Niaj hnub no muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg hais tias ib tug ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo yam nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm peb nco qab ua kev daws. Piv txwv ntawm no yog feem ntau paub. Tom qab tsim ntawm cov lus hais sib txuas lus ntawm txaus nyiam los yog qias neeg imagery ntawm kev sib raug chaw thiab cov tsev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntws nyob rau hauv zej zog. Qhov no pib lub sij hawm muab cov neeg pem.

Qhov tseeb tiag mas, yog li ntawd, hais lus kev sib txuas lus yuav tsum nce raws li cov hom phiaj xaiv yaam thiab kev ncaj ncees lub neej tshaj lub luv luv-term kev txaus siab ntawm cov politicians thiab businessmen.