Yuav ua li cas yog lub alpha lwj

Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog dab tsi yog qhov alpha lwj thiab yuav ua li cas nws yuav tau piav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub classical thiab lwm theories. Lub hav zoov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas lub ntiaj teb no tsuas yog tau ua tsaug rau lub fact tias cov qauv uas yog tej yam khoom uas, muaj txaus stability. Rog uas khi ua ke tus hais nyob rau hauv atoms, yog lub hauv paus ntawm kom lub hav zoov ntawm cov tag nrho lub qab ntuj khwb. Tam sim no cov qauv ntawm cov atomic pab kiag li lawm cia tsis tsuas mus rau formulate cov kev cai, tab sis kuj yuav piav ntau yam ntawm cov cai tshwm sim ntawm lub microworld. Raws li ib feem ntawm lub planetary qauv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm txhua atom yog lub nucleus, uas muaj xws li protons thiab neutrons nyob rau hauv sib npaug zos shares. Piv ntawm protons, neutrons thiab electrons muaj tuaj raws li 1: 1: 1. Qhov no thaum xub thawj siab ib muag mas, kwv nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag no kev sib raug zoo yog ib lub txim ntawm txoj cai ntawm lub tseem ceeb creation: hluav taws xob them nqi ntawm ib electron yog sib npaug zos rau -1, lub proton 1 thiab neutrons, ua lub union ntawm ob me me thiab oppositely them Cheebtsam, lub zuag qhia tag nrho electrically nruab nrab (incidentally , li no lub npe).

Vim lub Coulomb rog ntawm protons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ua txhua lwm yam, tab sis counterbalancing muaj zog sis tuav tus hais ua ke. Yuav ua li cas yog lub alpha lwj? Lub mechanism ntawm nws tshwm sim yog heev yooj yim: Yog hais tias protons txav deb ntawm txhua lwm yam, tus quab yuam yuav loj elektroottalkivaniya muaj zog sis uas ua rau yus mus rau tsim ntawm lighter nuclei thiab hais. Yog vim li cas rau thawj zaug distancing ntau haiv neeg - nws yuav ua tau ob qho tib si lwm influences thiab yam ntxwv ntawm nuclear qauv (entropy tau).

Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub ntiaj teb no

Kom txog rau thaum 1896 nws twb ntseeg tau tias atoms yog indivisible, thiab cov qauv ntawm txhua cov yam ntxwv ntawm tej qho tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Tab sis Becquerel (tej thaum kuj hu Rutherford), uas kawm uranium ntsev, sab phenomenon ntawm radioactivity tshaj cam khwb cia tsis ntseeg nyob rau ntau ntawm cov tenets ntawm lub atomic kev tshawb xav ntawm lub sij hawm. Alpha lwj yog lub emission ntawm zoo them hais - nuclei ntawm Helium-4. Nws yog sau tseg hais tias tus txheej txheem no yog yus feem ntau rau cov nuclei ntawm hnyav ntsiab. Ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm alpha particle yog nws muab ob npaug rau zoo xwb. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov qauv ntawm ob electrons uas ploj lawm. Tag nrho cov them nyiaj thaum no yog pom muaj ob. Alpha lwj kawm Rutherford. Nws yog txiav txim hais tias xws li ib tug particle qauv (2 + 2 proton neutron) yog heev ruaj khov thiab, raws, feem ntau lwm yam nuclei yuav muaj mus ua txhaum li xws hais thiab nuclei ntawm lighter ntsiab. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis tshwm sim. Rutherford pom tias tej nuclear kev hloov no yog tau tsuas yog hais tias nws nkag mus rau rau hauv nws Helium atoms (alpha hais) los yog high-zog electrons (beta hais). Tom qab, nws twb paub tseeb hais tias, tab sis nws coj kaum xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm tej lub ntsiab tshiab nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm quantum mechanics - lub qhov hlws ris.

Overcoming tej

Raws li tau hais saum toj no, ruaj khov qauv - alpha particle. Them nws yog los ntawm 2 mus rau 10 MeV. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav pab kom nws mus txeem lub hauv paus ntawm lub atom, koj yuav tsum kov yeej cov rog ntawm hluav taws xob repulsion (txij li thaum protons yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub nucleus thiab cov particle). Qhov no yog tib yam teeb meem tom qab tso cai ntawm lub uas yog twb pib mus yeej intranuclear quab yuam ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. microworld cai yog txawv los ntawm peb cov ib txwm, li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub mus los ntawm qhov phab ntsa, nws tsis yog tsim nyog los txov nws. Los ntawm lub qhov hlws ris tej zaum yuav kov yeej lub teeb meem. Tus me qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog ntawm cov particle thiab tus nqi ntawm cov nqe vaj lug kub, ntau dua qhov yuav tshwm ntawm overcoming tus qias neeg. Rau feem ntau nuclei tau ib tug qhov hlws ris yog li ntawd me me tias lawv yuav suav hais tias ruaj khov formations. Lwm tus, nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob, cia cov allergic ntawm sab nraum lub (thiab sab hauv lub outflow) ntawm alpha hais.