Diam duab thiab lus piav qhia txog "Doriphor" Policlet

Thaum saib cov "Doriphor" Policlet tus neeg nyob hauv no caug xyoo thiab tsis versed nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm cov kos duab, nws tsis sai li sai to taub yog vim li cas qhov no puab yog xav tau li ntawd tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los, lub contemporaries ntawm lub ancient Greek masters yuav zoo heev sai sai qhia hais tias tus pej thuam txawv los ntawm lwm yam tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm. Duab puab "Doryphoros" Policlet faib ib tug tshwj xeeb staging ntawm lub cev, nws yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ancient Greece, ib tug cim uas ciali ciaj sia, npaj kom tau tawm lub pedestal neeg. Rov qab nyob rau hauv cov hnub tus pej thuam yog ib tug benchmark ntawm classical kos duab, ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug lej qhia tau tseeb proportions uas ua tau pa lub neej mus rau hauv bronze.

Polykleitos

Lub sculptor uas tsim lub pej thuam, uas yuav tsum tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm V xyoo pua BC (tej zaum 480-420-s BC). Lub caij nyoog qhov chaw ntawm yug yog tsis paub hais tias Policlet. Raws li ancient Greek sau phau ntawv, nws tej zaum yuav Argos los yog Sicyon, lub nroog yog lub artistic kab lis kev cai ntawm lub sij hawm cov chaw. Lawv txawj Polycleitus accumulating nyob rau hauv lub Agelara sculptor. Nrog rau nws mus lwm naas ej Greek artist Myron.

Policlet creativity raws tireless nrhiav tus zoo tagnrho. Tsim sculptures, nws tau nrhiav mus cuag perfection nyob rau hauv lub hwj tau lub cev transmit ntsej muag. Nws heroes yog deb ntawm lub hustle thiab bustle, lawv yog twj ywm thiab paub qab hau. Sib raug zoo tau yus tsis tau tsuas yog daim duab, tab sis kuj lub puab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab.

nyiam cim

Ua ntej thiab tom qab lub creation ntawm "Doriphor" Policlet xav nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ncaws pob. Qhov no yog vim li: uas tab sis stately Olympic winners, yuav qhia tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm ib tug tsim txiv neej lub cev. Txawm li cas los, ntau zaus tshaj tsis Polycleitus portrayed ncaws pob thaum lub sij hawm sib tw thiab tom qab lub yeej. Thaum no tus taw tes, lub cev coj ntxhov siab ntau dhau, tab sis muaj tsis muaj kos npe rau ntawm qaug zog. Lub cev yuav so thiab sau nyob rau tib lub sij hawm - los xav tias tib sib raug zoo, uas nws hlub thiab paub yuav ua li cas rau kis tus ancient Greek sculptor.

Sculptures

Cov tseem ntawm cov saum ntawm tus sau tsis tau ciaj sia. Muaj ntau ntawm tej hauj lwm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev qhia txog ntawm contemporaries, ib txhia tuaj sau rau peb los ntawm Roman luam. Yog li ntawd, hlub sculptors dawb ceev faj tim teb chaws mus rau ib tug repetition ntawm cov ancient Greek tej hauj lwm yuav cia daim duab historians ntawm peb lub sij hawm mus saib ib tug ntawm cov earliest tej hauj lwm ntawm Policlet. Master kaw cov khiav ntawm lub Olympic ua si ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum nws crowned nws lub taub hau. Tiam sis nyob rau saum Pifokla thiab Ariston, thiab Hercules thiab Hermes, peb paub tsuas yog los ntawm sau qhov chaw.

Me ntsis tom qab, tus creation ntawm cov hauj lwm Polycleitus - "Doryphoros" kuj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog npaj txhij - nws tsiv mus rau Athens. Ntawm no nws tsim ib tug "raug mob Amazon". Qhov no duab puab tau mus txog rau peb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov Roman luam. Cov style yog yuav luag tib yam li "Doriphor" Policlet. Daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub cev, kos duab ib tug muaj zog npag lub cev, ib lub siab ntawm puab lub zog - tag nrho cov uas koom siab ua ke rau hauv lub ob saum.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub neej txoj kev taug kev mus

Nyob rau hauv Athens Polycleitus koom thiab portrait duab puab. Thaum no zoo ntawm cov kos duab yog tsis heev. Polycleitus, judging los ntawm tus extant ntaub ntawv thiab xyuas, txig paub hais tias nws ua lag ua luam. Lub qhov chaw fwm ntaub ntawv raws li uas tus tswv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub portrait Artemana engineer ntawm Pericles.

Saum ntawm tsis ntev los no xyoo muaj kev cuam tshuam tus tshiab quest ntawm tus sau. Ib tug ntawm cov ua hauj lwm - "Diadumen" (txog 430 BC). Tus pej thuam depicts lub Olympic khiav, ib tug zoo piav tes piav taw los khi tus xov nyob rau hauv nws lub taub hau. Nyob rau hauv nws daim duab thiab lub ntsej muag npaum li cas tsawg twj ywm tshaj nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los tej hauj lwm ntawm tus tswv.

"Doryphoros" Policlet: piav qhia

Txawm li cas los, cov nto moo tshaj plaws sculptor ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog precisely "Doryphoros". Cov duab puab depicts spearmen cia li yeej kev sib txeeb. Cov tsab ntawv tsis tuaj sau rau peb, hnub rov qab 460-450 xyoo. BC. e. Yuav kom txiav txim rau cov ua hauj lwm hnub no, peb yuav ua tsaug rau ib tug ob peb tseem muaj sia nyob cov ntawv luam.

Imperceptible zog thiab teem lub cev - ntawd yog dab tsi sawv tawm tus pej thuam, uas yog tsim Polycleitus. Doryphoros-bearer sawv, leaning ntawm ib ceg, zaum ob tsuas yog txhawb lub cev - yog hais tias nws yog hais txog yuav coj ib kauj ruam. Muaj txoj cai caj npab uas nws txo qis cov hluas, nyob rau sab laug, nws tuas ib tug hmuv. Ib qho yooj yim mus pom tias ib feem ntawm lub cev yog thaum so, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb. No thaum lawv tseem zoo li ntuj uas Spearman nkawd ciaj sia. Pej thuam favorably nrog zoo li qub dluab, yam ntxwv ntawm yav tas los lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov kos duab.

canon

Hauv plawv ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm lub cev "Doriphor" Policlet nteg ib tug leej zauv xam thiab qhov teeb meem ntawm Pythagoreanism. Duab Wizard txiv neej lub cev pheej theej los ntawm nws cov thwjtim thiab tau raug hu ua "Policlet canon". Tsis tas li ntawd nws yuav raug xa mus rau ib tug treatise thiab ib tug sculptor, uas raug teem tawm qhov yooj yim tej lus qhia ntawm Pythagoras thiab xaam muab xam los ntawm proportions. sculptor ua hauj lwm tsis tau mus txog rau peb hnub no mus txiav txim rau nws, zaum tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg sau txoj kev contemporaries.

Lub hauv paus muaj pes tsawg leeg - hla lub sis tsis ncaj zog ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau sab tes xis thiab nws txo qis kev pab txhawb nqa ceg zoo li qub, tab sis tense. Poob lub sib nug xov qhov chaw ntawm lub cev yog relaxed, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yog nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab. Nrog rau qhov no txheem Policlet ua tsis tau tejyam mus rau kis puab twj ywm cim thiab simultaneous ntawv rau tej kev soj ntsuam.

Golden Section

Thaum tus pej thuam yog tsim "Doryphoros" Polycleitus ntawv thov thiab lwm txoj ntsiab cai ntawm Pythagoreanism. Tag nrho cov proportions ntawm lub cev yog lub tsev raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub golden seem. Luv luv nws tej zaum yuav formulated raws li nram no: ntev ntawm lub tag nrho tej yam khoom los yog lub cev li hais txog cov feem ntau feem, lub caij nyoog kawg no kom txo tau. Lub qhov siab ntawm tus pej thuam hais txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub pedestal rau lub puj ntaws spearman, lub tom kawg rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub puj ntaws mus rau lub sab saum toj ntawm lub taub hau.

Tag nrho cov proportions ntawm cov duab puab yog cov yuav raug rau tej suav. Nws yog qhov zoo tagnrho piv ntawm lub cev qhov chaw, uas tsim ib tug zoo nraug warrior, tsis yog ib tug ntev ntev los yog stocky daim duab thiab sim kom rov hais dua heev heev cov tub ntxhais kawm txawj luam "Doriphor". Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm cov proportions:

• qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub kab los sib ntsib rau lub puab tsaig yog 7 lub sij hawm tsawg dua qhov siab qhov spearman;

• los ntawm lub qhov muag mus rau lub puab tsaig - 16;

• ntsej muag qhov siab - 10.

Cov cai ntawm cov golden seem thiab cov proportional piv Polycleitus cai nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb. Nws tsis kam lawv txawj tsuas yog thaum lawv pib mus rau nqe rau tej yam ntuj tso tsis ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv ib tug duab puab.

contrapposto

Polycleitus ib tug ntawm cov thawj siv tus txheej txheem contrapposto, uas tom qab los ua ib tug classic. Nws yog qhia raws li lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tus ntoo khaub lig-nro nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes thiab ob txhais taw. Txais ua rau ib tug ntau yam hauj lwm, piav mortgaged nyob rau hauv nws lub zog. Saum, los ntawm kev siv contrapposto, piv favorably rau qhov zoo li qub sculptures ntawm antiquity. Lawv piav txog nyob cov neeg, tab sis tsis khov cov ntawv luam ntawm deities.

Ua hauj lwm rau sculptures Polycleitus saib neeg. Nws pom hais tias muaj yog ib txwm ib feem ntawm lub cev muaj zog ua rau ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm thiab lwm yam. Nws tsis yog tus thawj saib no feature, tab sis zoo dua tshaj lwm leej lwm tus tej zaum yuav kis nws. Zoo li ib co ntawm nws predecessors, nws to taub qhov yuav tsum tau mus nias rau pem hauv ntej rau sab laug txhais ceg thiab txoj kev caj npab los yog txoj cai ceg thiab sab laug txhais caj npab rau cov kis ntawm cov lus tsa suab. Qhov no yog txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, uas ua nyob rau hauv contrapposto hauv paus ntsiab lus.

Tu siab, peb tsis tau mus txog cov thawj pej thuam, uas yog tsim Polycleitus. "Doryphoros" yees duab qhia tau tias yog zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tseem muaj sia nyob cov ntawv luam ntawm daim duab embodies Canon zoo nraug txiv neej lub cev. Txawm li cas los, muaj yog vim li cas mus ntseeg tau hais tias tus thawj poob rau hauv lub centuries, ntsia txawm ntau harmonious. Cuaj kaum, "Doryphoros" tseem yog ib tug luag hauj lwm qauv nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm lub hnub tam sim no. lub cev proportions thiab cov golden ratio, siv los tsim nws, thiab suav hais tias zoo tagnrho hnub no. Niaj hnub no cov duab puab "Doriphor" yuav suav hais tias ib yam ntawm cov kev kawm ntaub ntawv, tsis tsuas yog rau kev sculptors, tab sis kuj rau nyuab thiab lwm yam masters.