Derzhavin G. R. Ode "Felitsa": txoj kev thiab txawj tsom xam

Poet Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816 gg.) Sau rau hauv cov style ntawm Lavxias teb sab classicism, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm forbade muab siab Ode thiab lub satire nyob rau hauv ib yam khoom, tab sis ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej txog nws.

Cov kws sau paj lug koom mus rau ib tug tsev neeg ntawm tsaws gentry uas nyob rau hauv Kazan. Rhode Derzhavins, raws li sau tseg nyob rau hauv lub tus kheej archive ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv, pib nrog rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub nobleman Bagrima uas yeem defected mus rau lub Duke Vasily II.

Poetic creativity Derzhavina mas sawv cev Odes: civil, philosophical, patriotic triumph thiab Anacreontic.

Derzhavin, "Felitsa": composing txoj kev

Cais niche nyob los ntawm cov pej xeem Odes, uas yog nyob rau ib qho influential lub xeev ua hauj lwm: monarchs thiab nobles. Thiab ib tug ntawm cov brightest cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no poetic ib hom ntawv nyeem yog ib qho Ode rau "Felitsa" luv luv ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau muab nthuav hauv qab no. Cov kws sau paj lug nplooj siab nws lub Lavxias teb sab Empress Catherine II.

Derzhavin pib kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv Preobrazhensky tso kom muaj kab muaj kev ntawm St. Petersburg, lub sij hawm no coincided nrog pib ntawm nws poetic ua hauj lwm. Raws li ntau li 40 xyoo, nws tau muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm pej xeem thiab cov tub rog posts, thiab txawm yog ib tug tsis pub leejtwg paub commission mus ntes Emelyana Pugacheva. Tom qab ntawd nws yog nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm General A. A. Vyazemskogo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws sau nws nto moo Ode "Felitsa". Synopsis ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm qhia zaj dab neeg txog cov neeg txawj ntse thiab zoo ntawm lub Kyrgyz ntxhais fuabtais, uas nws lub npe yog Felitsa. Ntawm no nws ua raws li ib tug ncaj ncees kav, lawgiver thiab siab dawb siab zoo huab tais.

Oda thiab qhuas

Tau txais mus rau hauv lub ntsiab lus: "Felitsa" txoj kev ", nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov duab ntawm nws Odes Derzhavin coj los ntawm" Lub taleas ntawm Tsarevich Cov tshuaj chlorine ua "sau los ntawm Catherine II rau nws cov xeeb ntxwv.

Qhov no kev lig kev cai - sau ntawv laudatory Odes duab ntawm ib enlightened huab tais - txuas ntxiv thiab Derzhavin, txais nws los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Cov neeg tau pom nyob rau hauv ib tug monarchy tus neeg uas lub zej zog los saib xyuas noj qab haus huv ntawm lub xeev thiab nws cov neeg.

Lub chaw ua hauj lwm qhia tau hais tias tus tawm tsam, qhia tiv thaiv kev tsim txom ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm ntawm senior princes. Tag nrho yuav tsum pab qhov zoo ntawm Russia - qhov no yog qhov defining feature ntawm creativity Derzhavin. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub enlightened monarchy , nws pom lub dag zog yuam uas yuav txaus tswj xws li ib tug haib teb chaws raws li Russia.

G. Derzhavin, "Felitsa": ib tug paj huam

Ode "Felitsa" coj unprecedented hwjchim ci ntsa iab ntawm tus sau thiab ib tug siab zoo nqi zog los ntawm lub Empress nws tus kheej, uas podarovala nws muaj nuj nqis heev snuffbox kub thiab studded nrog diamonds tag nrho.

Nyob rau hauv lub 80 xyoo Derzhavin twb tsis yog li ntawd intimately paub Catherine II, nws cov duab nws tsim cov dab neeg uas daim nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej nyiam. Tab sis lub kws sau paj lug paub muaj ntau yam ntawm nws entourage, nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm uas nws tau mus ua hauj lwm txawv sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv lub Ode idealized duab ntawm Catherine II yog ua ke nrog kev thuam ntawm nws vaj ua nom ua tswv.

hlub poj huab tais

Assistant los ua ib tug tswv duab ua mandative daim ntawv sau los ntawm Catherine II. Nyob rau hauv no nws "Cov lus qhia" nws wrote txog qhov yuav tsum tau rau mitigate ib co ntawm cov kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv lub txim tuag, uas yog feem ntau siv rau me txhaum. Yog li ntawd, nws heroine Felicia Derzhavin muab tej kev khuv leej thiab forbearance li Nws Majesty Catherine II.

Felitsa nyob rau hauv cov khoom tau yeeb koob nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws muaj lawm lub foob ntawm cov neeg uas muaj lub siab tawv kom qhia tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm insults rau nws.

Qhov no yog kom meej meej hais nyob rau hauv lub Ode "Felitsa". Executive Summary piav hais tias los ntawm tus thawj kab ntawm lub Ode yuav kawm Lavxias teb sab kav Catherine II. Yog li ntawd Derzhavin thim nws cov duab nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, raws li nyob rau hauv xam qhovkev tib neeg zoo, thiab ntxiv mus rau nws tus thawj hnub nyob rau hauv Russia pib ua raws li nws cov qhuas thiab kev lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib tug heev zoo thiab yog li ntawd aroused pab koj tu siab rau nws vaj ua nom ua tswv thiab guardsmen. Muaj pov thawj hais tias ib tug Ode rau kua muag kov lub empress.

Derzhavin tsom txawj txoj kev muaj peev xwm thiab koom nyob rau hauv lub Ode qhuas thiab incriminating pib nrog satire, thiab ces nws yog tsis tsim nyog. Wise Felice thiab nws zoo tagnrho duab tau countered los ntawm careless grandee - "nobleman". Nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm St. Catherine yog GA Potemkin, suav P. I. Panin, los Orlov, None AA Vyazemsky, thiab hais txog. D.

Derzhavin lawv kom meej portrayed hais tias nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus twv uas tau hais txog hauv nws ua hauj lwm.

Ib tug satire rau lub nobles

Literary tsom xam Ode "Felitsa" hais tias Derzhavin nrog sib sib zog nqus satire hais txog tag nrho lawv cov weaknesses, petty kev txaus siab thiab whims. Honorable neeg siab nyob qib tsis tau saib nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev tsis tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, nws xwm Potemkin gourmet thiab glutton uas hlub mloog nkaus thiab haus lom zem. Orlov hlub muaj kev lom zem seev cev thiab nrig fights. Panin, tawm hauv lub lwm yam ua lawv cov hauj lwm, mus yos hav zoov nrog cov dev. Ib tug Vyazemskij rau koj lub hlwb nyeem ntawv "Bova thiab Polkan," raws li nws feem ntau poob pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv phau Vajlugkub.

Peb tseem yuav kawm txog cov Ode txoj kev. Derzhavin "Felitsa" thawj thiab heev ua siab loj pib cov duab ntawm tus sau nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Qab ntsoov thiab ncaj ncees tias, nws sau tias: "Zaum hauv tsev, kuv yog ib tug neeg mob ruas, ua si rau cov neeg ruam nrog nws tus poj niam ...".

Noteworthy thiab mas thawj oriental tsw Odes, raws li nws yog ib zaj dab sawv cev ntawm lub Tatar nobleman, thiab txawm raug xa mus rau sab hnub tuaj lub nroog ntawm Smyrna, Kashmir thiab Baghdad. Nws xaus nrog ib tug Ode rau kev lig kev cai thiab siab laudatory style.

Derzhavin nyob rau hauv nws Ode piv qhov reign ntawm Catherine II, uas tsim ib tug xov tooj uas pab tau rau lub xeev ntawm lub Great cai, tsis ncaj ncees thiab lim hiam morals reigning nyob rau hauv Russia thaum lub sij hawm Anne Ioannovne hu ua Biron lub sij hawm.

Felitsa duab nyob rau hauv lub Odes ntawm Derzhavin "Felitsa" "grandee"

Tom qab "Felitsa" uas tau koob meej mus ib txhis Derzhavin, kws sau paj lug pib Ode "zoo txiv neej." Ntawm no dua, qhov kev siv yog raws li nyob rau hauv ob paus ntsiab lus - laudatory thiab satirical. Tab sis, yog hais tias "Felice" yog zoo dua pib, lom zem heev satire thiab tis ntawm cov lords, lub Ode "grandee" yog ib tug txawv piv ntawm kev zoo thiab kev phem. Qhuas heev me me - tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg, yog xav paub ntxiv kev txhawj xeeb nrog reference PA Rumyantsev. Feem ntau ntawm ntau tshaj qhov npau taws satire. Hnov lub indignation ntawm tus sau ntawm indifference rau cov nobles indebted rau nws Fatherland. Qhov no yog tsis sib txawv heev tej hauj lwm ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo. Nws derzhavin outraged los ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm nws cov neeg thiab tej yam kev txom nyem los ntawm kev txhaum tsis muaj ab tsi courtiers, thaum lub txais tos uas tus neeg txais tos nyob rau hauv lub queue rau cov sij hawm yuav zaum thiab tos rau cov neeg tuaj saib thiab cov nom thiab ib tug poj ntsuam uas muaj ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv nws caj npab, thiab cov raug mob tub rog.

xaus

Yog li ntawd, peb analyzed lub Ode txoj kev. Derzhavin "Felitsa" thiab cov "zoo txiv neej" - nws yog ib qho tsis txaus siab mus rau lub satire, uas yog ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej, nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua, Gogol twb rov qab nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm "Cov taleas ntawm tus tauj ncov loj Kopeikin" thiab Nekrasov nyob rau hauv "Reflections ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej khav."

Peb menyuam lub tswv yim thiab ntau npaum li cas tom qab xyaum los ntawm nws cov thawj ntawm, A. S. Pushkin thiab cov Decembrists KF Ryleev.