Creativity KUV Lermontov. Nto moo Lermontov tus kwv huam

30s ua nyuaj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Cov tua neeg pov tseg ntawm lub Decembrists twb hloov los ntawm txhav tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas coj mus rau ib tug hnyav poob ntawm sab ntsuj plig lub hlwb. Nws twb thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no tau pib rau lub suab nrov nrov ntawm ib tug hluas kws sau paj lug, M. Yu. Lermontova, uas lub npe hu ua ib tug tsim nyog successor mus A. S. Pushkina. Lermontov lub verses - yog ib qho los mus rau rethink lub keeb kwm thiab kev muaj tiag, ib tug tawm tsam tiv thaiv tus tsim despotism nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, ib tug npau taws cem compatriots uas tau raug kev txom nyem twj ywm lawlessness thiab kev tsim txom ntawm lub hwj chim.

Cia peb rov qab nto moo tshaj plaws kwv huam ntawm Lermontov, mus ib txhis nws inscribed nws lub npe nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical ntaub ntawv.

"Sail"

Thaum qhov no yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nco txog lub lyric ua hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv 1832. Nws yog ib tug yooj yim lub sij hawm rau ib tug tub hluas ntawm kaum yim - nws twb cia li tshuav Moscow University thiab npaj rau lub neej tshiab, uas, li cas los xij, twb tos rau ib tug me ntsis qab ntxiag. Tsis meej pem thiab ib tug kev xav ntawm uncertainty tshwm sim los nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub kws sau paj lug lub kab: "Ib tug Dawb Sail Gleams ..." ... Nws yog ib qho nyuaj mus nrhiav ib tug neeg uas yuav tsis paub nrog cov nto moo Lermontov lub verses. Feem ntau, lawv pom li reflections ntawm tus sau nyob rau hauv nws yav tom ntej lub neej. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm peb verses ob thawj nqe uas muaj toj roob hauv pes sketch, lwm cov lus piav qhia puas siab puas ntsws lub xeev lyrical. Thiab lub hiav txwv yog twb txuam nrog tib neeg lub neej, thiab sail rau nws saum npoo - ib tug kws pheej faav xeeb ntsuj plig. Cov kev vim li cas ntawm cov paj huam yuav lyrical kho siab, txoj kev cawm seej los ntawm cov uas nws sim mus nrhiav nyob rau hauv lub nriaj, zoo li lub sail, kev sib tua nrog lub ntsiab. Tab sis qhov no los yog hai - yog vim li cas rau tus mob no lies tsis pub dhau txiv neej nws tus kheej.

Nws yuav siv sij hawm xyoo, thiab tus ntsuj plig ntawm ib tug kws sau paj lug thiab nrhiav tsis tau twj ywm, yeej ib txwm ua nros thiab kho siab raws li ib tug txiv neej hluas.

"Kev tuag ntawm ib tug Poet"

Koob meej thiab txuas - qhov no yog dab tsi coj nyob rau hauv 1937 cov hluas kws sau paj lug ntawm nws nto moo tshaj plaws kwv huam. Mikhail Lermontov ob peb hnub kawm tag nrho cov advanced ib feem ntawm Russia raws li ib tug txiv neej uas dared cam tus uas twb muaj lawm lub hwj chim. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub voj voog, nws tam sim ntawd muab mus rau tus neeg sau ntawm "tsis paub txaj muag dissent" thiab txog qhov kawg ntawm nws lub neej yog nyob rau hauv ze scrutiny thiab censorship ntawm cov huab tais (nws yeej tsis tau tso cai rau cov puav pheej hauv lub "siab tawv" honored nyob rau hauv cov puav pheej-winning battles).

Thaum pib ntawm lub paj huam tau sau cov hnub tom qab tom qab Pushkin lub duel. Thiab muaj ib hnub - tam sim ntawd tom qab lub kws sau paj lug tuag - nws muag tawm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Petersburg teev. Tom qab mus sib txuas ntxiv Dantes nyob ntawd pib tus naas ej paj huam - Lermontov rau "Kev tuag ntawm ib tug Poet" twb raug xa mus rau lub Caucasus - "Thiab koj, khav xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ...".

Keeb kwm thiab kev tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hauj lwm no yog txiav txim los ntawm lub fact tias nyob rau hauv nws tus sau sim kom paub txog lub tragic txoj hmoo ntawm Pushkin raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug ntawm tag nrho cov. Nws yog blamed rau tus tuag ntawm ib tug ntse heev nyob rau hauv zej zog, ncaj qha hu Dantes "tua neeg" thiab "tshiab" aristocracy - "khav" thiab "phem". Nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub yog tsis muaj peev xwm nyiaj mus dhau nto moo tshaj plaws kwv huam ntawm Lermontov: "Thiab koj tsis ntxuav tam sim ntawd tag nrho koj cov ntshav Poet ncaj ncees cov ntshav!". Mikhail Yurevich thawj puas tau raug ntes thiab ces muab xa mus rau lub Caucasus nyob rau hauv cov tub rog.

"Tuchkov"

Qhov no paj huam, xa mus rau lub caij lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub kws sau paj lug, nws muaj nws prehistory. Nyob rau hauv 1840, ua ntej tom ntej lawm rau lub Caucasus, Lermontov sawv ntawm lub qhov rais hauv lub St. Petersburg tsev Karamzins thiab saib cov su ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub ntuj uas muaj huab. Pom los ntawm cov duab yuam cov kws sau paj lug xav txog lawv tus kheej txoj hmoo. Heev sai sai no nws yuav tsum tau tawm St. Petersburg, cov neeg nyob zoo rau nws. Uas yog vim li cas lub ntsiab txoj kev nyob rau hauv cov khoom, nrog rau tus naas ej paj huam Lermontov: "Tuchkov saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, nyob mus ib txhis loj leeb ..." - twb piv. Tus kheej destiny kws sau paj lug pom tib yam nyob tsis tswm thiab kho siab li no xilethi-aus lub cev. Li no hauv lub siab ntawm exile thiab lawm mus ib txhis lawm ties nrog lawv motherland. Xws li ib tug lub xeev, los ntawm txoj kev, yog raug ntawm ntau ntawm nws lub contemporaries Lermontov, uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv yooj yim 30s thiab 40s.

Tab sis lub lyrical hero yuav tsis qoos paub nrog tus mob khaub thuas thiab tsis muaj ab tsi tuchkami. Rau hauv sib piv, nws yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv cov kev xav ntawm homesickness, uas yog tsis yooj yim sua rau poob deg. Nyob rau hauv no tsis pom kev, ib tug philosophical subtext: xwm yog dawb, tab sis txoj hmoo ntawm lub disgraced kws sau paj lug nyob nkaus rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tub ceev xwm.

"K ***" ( "Kuv yog tsis inferior rau koj ...")

Muaj Lermontov thiab heartfelt kab hais txog kev hlub. Ob peb ntawm lawv siab rau N. F. Ivanovoy, qhov twg Mikhail ua xav nyob rau ntawm ib thaum ntxov lub hnub nyoog. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis txaus siab rau cov neeg siab ncaj xav ntawm ib tug tub hluas, thiab nws yog ib txhis undermined nws txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv cov poj niam. Cov tshwm sim ntawm unrequited hlub thiab los ua ib tug paj huam "Yuav ***" sau nyob rau hauv 1832. Nws sau contrasts cov ntshiab sincere lawm ntawm kev dag thiab pretense, thiab kev cia siab rau kev zoo siab - ib tug sib sib zog nqus chim siab. Cov no yog cov verses ntawm kev hlub Lermontov. Nto moo kab: "Leej twg paub, tej zaum cov neeg lub sij hawm uas tau tom qab nyob rau hauv koj ob txhais taw, kuv twb nyiag ntawm kev tshoov siab!" Lom zem ntau txiav txim lub stance ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, mus devote nws tus kheej rau kev sau ntawv.

"Meditation Lermontov - nws cov paj huam"

Nws hais tias tej hauj lwm ntawm Mikhail Yurevich Herzen. Nyob rau hauv nws lub neej lub kws sau paj lug sau ntau tshaj plaub puas lyric kwv huam. Qhov no "Borodino" thiab "xav tias" thiab "Kuv tawm mus nyob ib leeg rau txoj kev," thiab "Kev thov Vajtswv" ... Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xaiv cia li ib tug tshaj plaws, txij li thaum lawv txhua txhua tus huv ntxiv hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws poetic tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.