Cov nom tswv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob

Cov nom tswv tseem ceeb - yog ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm cov politicians uas muaj yuav ua rau ib qho tseem ceeb kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub xeev. Raws li qhov uas lawv yuav tau mus nrhiav ib tug kev pom nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg, coj zoo kev txiav txim siab sai sai tau teb rau haiv neeg lub siab xav, mas yog vim cov kev cai thiab kev nom kev tswv ib puag ncig, tus ntawm cov kev kawm system, tog, lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov tsev neeg. Nom tswv cov neeg tseem ceeb tau txiav txim los ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov yam nyob rau hauv nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws muaj feem xyuam rau cov duab ntawm lub social hauv chav kawm ntawv uas yuav mus rau hauv pem teb thiab tau sib tw thiab dab tsi txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg lawv nyob. Ib tug heev me me feem pua ntawm cov hauj lwm originating los ntawm cov ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tseem yog cov neeg ntawm nruab nrab thiab lub chav kawm ntawv, feem ntau muaj cov txheeb ze nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv. Yog li, kev sib raug zoo keeb kwm txhawb rau lub fact tias cov neeg tseem ceeb xaiv cov neeg uas twb tiav ib yam nyiaj txiag raws li txoj cai, kev sib raug zoo raws li txoj cai muaj. Hais tias yog, lawv muaj tag nrho cov prerequisites mus koom nyob rau hauv kev nom kev tswv. Muaj tseem yog ib tug tub los ntxhais disparity nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb posts.

Ho muaj feem xyuam rau cov duab ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb thiab qhov zoo tshaj ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Successful ua hauj lwm txoj cai yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau paub tsum vov lub dav ntau yam ntawm cov teeb meem. Kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias 96% ntawm cov neeg uas tuav pej xeem chaw ua hauj lwm, muaj ib tug kawm ntawv qib siab. Thiab qhov no txawm lub fact tias tsuas yog 8% ntawm cov pejxeem muaj lub tsev kawm ntawv degree. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej lub teb chaws, cov nom tswv cov neeg tseem ceeb tsuas yog qhib rau kawm tiav ntawm tej lub tsev kawm ntawv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ces tsuas pauv daim ntawv pov ntawm Cambridge thiab Oxford Universities.

Raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov nom tswv cov neeg tseem ceeb yog paub txog nws tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm zej zog. Txawm li cas los, nws muaj ib tug zoo feem thiab socio-cultural yam ntxwv ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv uas nws nyob. Qhov ntawd yog cov nom tswv elites ntawm ntau lub teb chaws tej zaum yuav tej zaum kuj txawv dramatically. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tug lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw yuav ua tau kev ncaj ncees, cov ntaub ntawv uas zoo ntawm haiv neeg, rau lwm yam - economic cia siab rau, thiab rau lub thib peb - kev koob pheej ntawm lawv. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws, ib yam nkaus thiab, ib tug yog tsis puv daim ntawv cog lus txog qhov tseem ceeb.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv tus cwj pwm thiab kev xav ntawm cov nom tswv cov neeg tseem ceeb muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev cai ib puag ncig, uas yog ib tug txheej ntawm cov qauv ntawm tus cwj pwm, cov tswv yim txog lub neej thiab qhov tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, cov nom tswv style ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb, nws cov hauj lwm zoo nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tham, uas yog, los ntawm cov yaam puab paub ntawm lub assimilation txheej txheem, kev txawj ntse thiab kev txawj ntse uas yuav pab kom nqa tawm lub zog thiab lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv zej zog. Thaum cov neeg tseem ceeb yog tsim, nws yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, xws li kev sib raug zoo hauv tsev. Piv txwv li, lub hom ntawm tsev neeg: politicized los yog tsis. Los yog cov tib theem thiab hom kev kawm ntawv: seb txaus lub sij hawm tau muab rau qhov kev kho mob thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tus neeg sib tw, uas nws kis tau kev specialization.

Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb tus neeg sib tw belongs rau ib tog twg, lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg, qhov no tog ua si, yog dab tsi tus cwj pwm mus rau nws (tom qab lub nkag mus rau hauv chaw ua hauj lwm) counterparts.

Lub degree ntawm tus ntawm tag nrho cov yam nyob ntawm seb lub socializing ntawm lub qhov tseem ceeb, uas predominates nyob rau hauv ib tug lub zej lub zos. Nom tswv elites nrog ib tug kub siab rau tej yam tseem ceeb rau kev nom kev tswv, kev cai thiab economic systems.

Cov nom tswv tseem ceeb ntawm Russia yog tsis zoo li kom haum lub feem ntau txais ntsiab txhais ntawm lub sij hawm "cov neeg tseem ceeb." Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws nrog ib tug post-communist zej zog rau cov theem ntawm ceev Modernization ntawm lub reins yog nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov kev txiav txim hauv chav kawm ntawv. Thiab nws yog fundamentally sib txawv ntawm cov cov neeg tseem ceeb uas muaj txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias tus nom tswv tseem ceeb los rau lub hwj chim ua tsaug rau lub hwj chim ntawm kev kawm ntawv, muaj nyiaj, txoj hauj lwm, uas txuam nrog txoj cai, qhov kev txiav txim cov chav kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, yog tag nrho ua tsaug rau tus sawv los muaj hwj chim.