Cisco Routers: Configuration, Qauv. Cov khoom siv network

Cisco routers muaj ntev thiab los ntawm txoj kev yeej qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm ntau cov neeg siv. Los ntawm txoj kev ntseeg thiab qhov tseeb tau ntau xyoo lawv xa cov tsheb mus rau ntau yam khoom nruab nrab ntawm ntau hom kev tes hauj lwm. Lo lus "cisco" hnub no tau dhau los ua ke nrog cov tswv yim zoo li kev ntseeg thiab kev ntseeg siab. Tag nrho cov ntau li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub Cisco nqi yog yeej ib txwm khaws cia tsis pub dhau tau.

Yam ntxwv ntawm Cisco routers thiab keyboards

Tam sim no, ntau yam ntawm Cisco keyboards thiab routers yog dav siv. Koob muaj ntau hom qauv uas txawv hauv ntau tus yam ntxwv. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus tuaj yeem raug faib ua cov pawg loj hauv qab no:

• Portable routers. Lawv tsim los rau tes hauj lwm me me thiab nruab nrab.

• Devices nrog ib tug ISR - cov keyboards Ethernet no muaj architecture zoo heev. Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov kev siv ntau yam, koj tuaj yeem yuav luag tsis muaj peev xwm nthuav lawv lub peev xwm.

• Modular pab kiag li lawm. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej xws li tau nthuav tawm los ntawm kev txuas ntawm ntau lub modules, yog li koj tuaj yeem siv zog kho vajtse architecture. Pom zoo kom tau los ntawm kev lag luam me thiab me me.

Tag nrho cov khoom siv tau ua hauj lwm hauv kev txais tos thiab kev sib kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg ntawm qib peb ntawm OSI. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov tes hauj lwm sib txawv thiab lub hom phiaj. Cisco VPN qhov muag pab txhawb cov hauv qab no: L2TP, DMVPN, IPsec, GRE thiab PPTP. Teem tau VPN rau ib tug Cisco router yuav cia mus rau kis cov ntaub ntawv dua ib tug encrypted private channel.

Lub Cisco 2960 Series keyboards tseem muaj ib tug qauv ntawm cov qauv, tab sis tus cwj pwm tus cwj pwm rau lawv yog:

• Qib L2;
• Tus nab npawb ntawm cov kev txhawb nqa yog 8, 24 lossis 48;
• Hwj chim PoE, PoE +;
• Txhawb kev ruaj ntseg kev ruaj ntseg;
• Qhov chaw nres nkoj ceev yuav txawv, nyob ntawm tus qauv router - 100 megabit thiab 1 gigabit;
• Tseem tshee muaj qee tus qauv, tab sis tsis nyob rau lwm tus.

Ib qho ntawm Cisco routers yog tias lawv muaj feem ntau narrowly specialized. Tsis muaj cov qauv siv rau hauv lawv txoj kab uas yuav pab tau ob leeg nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev rau tsim kom muaj tsev nyob hauv zos, lossis hauv ib lub lag luam lossis hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Txhua txoj kab yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej thiab muaj qee lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb heev. Yog li, thaum xaiv cov cuab yeej network hauv Cisco, qhov point no yuav tsum tau muab los sib piv: txawm tias tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tus router los yog router yuav ua tau ib qho khoom plig thiab cov xov nyob hauv ib qho chaw thiab ib qho cuab yeej tsis zoo rau lwm tus.

Kev qhia rau cov cuab yeej Cisco

Cov cuab yeej feem ntau tau muab kho raws li cov nram qab no:

1. Teem Wi-nkaus scalable tes hauj lwm. Nws yog scaled tes hauj lwm uas tso cai rau koj maj mam ua haujlwm rau txhua qhov tsim nyog hloov thiab nqi me ntsis thaum reorganizing lub network.
2. Ua haujlwm ntawm qhov teebmeem hauv Internet telephony los ntawm Cisco. Qhov no txhais tau tias qhov kev sib txuas ntawm lub network hauv zos, xws li hauv ib lub chaw ua hauj lwm los yog cov chaw lag luam, lossis ntau lub ntiaj teb - uas sib koom ua ke ntau qhov chaw txuas rau hauv ib lub sijhawm. Muaj cov kev xaiv nrog sib txuas ntawm 350 cov neeg siv mus rau 30,000 nrog clustering.
3. Cisco-Configuring Firewall thiab IPS. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm network yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev debugging ua haujlwm, uas tsis tuaj yeem tsis muaj qhov neglected hauv txhua qhov teeb meem.
4. Configuring network saib xyuas cov cuab yeej. Nws pom zoo kom siv cov software tshwj xeeb los ntawm Cisco. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, yuav tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov software thiab kev kho vajtse, thiab tus neeg khiav dej num tuaj yeem tau txais cov lus qhia txog lub lag luam ntawm lub network thiab hnov thaum lub sij hawm muaj teeb meem.
5. Configure tus Cisco VPN. Ntawm qhov no txhais tau hais tias kev sib koom tes ntawm ntau qhov chaw hauv zos rau hauv ib qho, nrog rau cov uas yog thaj chaw sib cais los ntawm cov neeg loj txaus. Tej zaum nws yuav tsim nyog mus txuas rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm rau lub tuam txhab kev sib koom siv.

Yuav ua li cas coj mus cuag ib tug router rau ib lub computer

Tau kawg, cov khoom siv network pib nrog txuas nws mus rau lub computer. Tus router txuas nrog lub PC uas siv ib qho kev sib txuas lus tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd, lub davhlau ya nyob twg pib. Vim nws yuav tsum nkag mus rau tag nrho cov lus txib yav tom ntej.

Muaj ntau cov routers thiab routers siv COM port kom deb li deb mus cuag lub computer. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog tag nrho cov cav tov niaj hnub muaj xws li ib qho chaw nres nkoj. Hauv qhov no, tshwj xeeb adapters ntawm USB-COM yuav pab tau. Nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem, lawv tuaj yeem nkag siab nrog cov khoom siv network, thiab tsis muab cov khoom siv. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv tus qauv uas twb txhawb tau cov kev txuas USB.

Qhov chaw nres nkoj yog: 9600/8-N-1. Yog hais tias koj xav kom dhau lub router nrog ib qho kev pib startup, koj yuav tsum muab qhov kev hais kom ua: pab. Qhov no ua rau EXEC hom. Yuav pib ntawm kos, hom: lwv startup-config. Thiab rov qab muab cov khoom siv nrog qhov kev hais kom ua: rov qab. Cov lus nug ntawm qhov kev khiav hauj lwm uas hais txog seb yuav nkag mus rau qhov chaw nyob qhov twg, koj yuav tsum teb rau qhov tsis zoo.

Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov saum toj no tsis muaj cuab kav ua tau yog tias tsis muaj ib qho yuav tsum tau txais ib qho npliag config.

Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov syntax ntawm console commands hauv Cisco routers thiab routers

Ntawm Cisco cov cuab yeej siv, qhov rais tsis muaj qhov paub interface qhov rais interface neeg siv. Tag nrho cov commands yog nkag los ntawm console lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Thiab yog li nws yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai nram no:

• Yog tias koj sau ib lo lus nug, Cisco yuav tso tawm cov teev npe ntawm cov lus txib thiab cov haujlwm ua;
• Lub npe los yog lo lus tseem ceeb uas xav tau raug pom zoo kom muab txo kom tsawg tshaj qhov tsawg;
• Editing cov kab hais kom ua hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg console yog tau, raws li nws tau ua tiav hauv Linux lossis Unix systems;
• Yog hais tias tus neeg teb xov tooj tau hloov nws lub siab txog kev siv qhov no los yog qhov hais kom ua, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nws kev ua tau zoo los ntawm ntaus tsis los ntawm cov keyboard;
• Hloov mus rau theem pib ntawm 0 (thawj pib) mus rau 15 (tus saib xyuas haujlwm), koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau qhov kev hais kom ua: pabcuam Access-level_number.

Enabling SSH

Lub installation ntawm lub router kuj tseem pib nrog qhov tseeb tias SSH yuav raug muab rau tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm lub neej ntawd. Siv SSH, koj tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub computer tej thaj chaw deb dhau ntawm encrypted channels. Yuav kom tau SSH hauv Cisco, koj yuav tsum:

• Pab kom muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo nrog cov lus txib kom ua tau.
• Qhia lub sijhawm tam sim no.
• Yuav pib ncaj nraim mus rau qhov system, koj yuav tsum qhia qhov kev hais kom ua: router # configure davhlau ya nyob twg.
• Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum qhia lub npe rau npe, thiab qhov no yog siv qhov kev hais kom ua: router (config) # ip sau npe mydomain.ru.
• Tus yuam sij rau encryption yog generated los ntawm qhov hais kom ua: router (config) # crypto yuam ua tus rsa.
• Los tsim ib tus neeg siv tshiab, koj xav tau ib tug hais kom ua hauv qhov console: router (config) # username UserName nyog 11 password 7 my_passwd. No rau Cisco ntaus ntawv nws yuav tsum tau teeb tsa nrog ib tug neeg siv ntawm qib 11, uas tsis muaj rau tag nrho cov lus txib. Tab sis koj muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib tus neeg siv cuab yeej cai, rau qhov koj yuav tsum qhia kom meej txog qib tsis yog 11, tab sis qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 15.
• Siv cov lus txib: router (config) # aaa tshiab-model txoj kab (config) # kab vty 0 4 qhov kev sib cav pib aaa pib thiab cov txheej txheem rau cov kab davhlau ya nyob twg. Hauv qhov no, ntawm 0 txog 4.
• Siv cov lus txib: router (config-line) # thauj cov ntaub ntawv ssh router (config-line) # teev synchronous yog xa rau SSH li default.
• Nws tshua tsuas yog tawm ntawm txhua hom, ces txuag qhov kev hloov. Qhov no yog siv cov txheej txheem nram qab no: router (config-line) #exit router (config) # tawm router # sau.

Yuav ua li cas rau configure Cisco ports

Sau tus qauv hom rau thoob ntiaj teb chaw rau Ports hauv Cisco, koj yuav tsum ntaus nqe lus nram qab no:

Txhim kho t

Interface fa0 / 2.

Koj tuaj yeem kho tau cov Cisco cov nram qab no:

• Kev Nkag Nkoj. Qhov chaw nres nkoj davhlau ya nyob twg yog cov khoom ncaj nraim rau tus neeg siv khoom siv - modem, router lossis PC, qhov twg uas tsis muaj tsheb sib chaws tuaj txog. Yog hais tias koj hu xov tooj tuaj rau hauv lub console, qhov chaw nres nkoj xaiv tau raug xa mus rau hom kev xaiv, thiab tag nrho cov tsheb khiav tawm los ntawm kev sib tw 1. Tab sis, yog tias koj muab qhov kev hloov hais kom siv tau vlan 310, cov ntaub ntawv yuav mus rau vlan 310.
• Lub pob hlau chaw. Qhov chaw nres nkoj no pom zoo kom siv tau yog tias muaj cov cuab yeej network txuas rau lwm qhov kawg - Ethernet keyboards, routers, thiab lwm yam. Siv qhov chaw nres nkoj no, koj yuav tsum sau npe rau hauv lub console: kev hloov ntawm hom qauv ntawm cov qauv 2950. Tab sis nyob rau 2960 cov lus txib no tau muab qee yam txawv:

Hloov kev sib pauv hloov hom

Switchport lub cev encapsulation dot1q.

Yog tias koj xav siv qee qhov vwm xwb, tom qab ntawd ces koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv: console trunk allied vlan 310, 555 - uas yog, cov lus sib cais cais cov vel;

• Hybrid chaw nres nkoj. Rau Cisco cov chaw nres nkoj, txoj kev tsis ua haujlwm nrog qhov chaw nres nkoj hybrid, txawm li cas los, koj tuaj yeem tso qhov chaw nres nkoj li lub chaw nres nkoj hybrid yog tias koj muab koj lub viv rau qhov chaw nres nkoj. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov no hauv cov syntax ntawm cov lus txib nram qab no hauv lub console:

Hloov lub cev ntawm pob tw (tsim ib qho chaw nres nkoj)

Kev sib tw ntawm lub npoo pauv 310,555 (xws li cov chaw nres nkoj li vlan 310 thiab 555 siv)

Hloov ntawm lub voj voog 310 (Hloov tag nrho cov tsheb khiav mus rau vlan 310, thiab so - 555).

Tus txheej txheem ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj teeb meem tau raug xam txog qhov piv txwv ntawm Cisco 2960 qauv - ib qho ntawm feem ntau hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, rau lwm cov koob, cov kev ua yuav zoo sib xws.

Pib dua nqis

Tom qab qhov chaw pib dua, cov ntaub ntawv teev lus yog cleared, tag nrho cov fine-tuning yuav tsum tau nqa tawm dua, thiab vim li no tus pib dua feem ntau yog xam raws li kev ntsuas huab.

Nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau txim tuag rau nws. Ua li no, cia li txuas lub router cable mus rau lub console thiab nkag mus rau qhov kev hais kom ua nyob rau hauv kev tswj console: Router # erase startup-config. Thiab ces: Reload. Tus router pib dua, tom qab reboot lub config yuav huv huv.

Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias kev hloov Cisco nqis tsis tshua muaj neeg tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, rau ib qho los yog lwm qhov, nws tseem yuav tsum tau ua. Ntxiv thiab, tsis txhob hnov qab, tom qab nqa cov nqis, xa cov nqi ntawm lub npe nrog qhov kev ua: config-register 0x2102.

Yuav ua li cas txuag lub configuration

Rau txhua qhov khoom siv network, nrog rau Cisco, qhov tsis yog txhua yam. Nws tseem tsim nyog yuav tau txuag tau dab tsi tau teeb tsa, uas yog, los hloov cov kev hloov.

Hauv Cisco routers, nws muaj ob hom kev cawm si:

• Hauv cov cuab yeej RAM;
• Nyob rau hauv nonvolatile, pib nco.

Thawj hom ntaub ntawv txhua qhov kev hloov ntawm txoj kev, tab sis thaum cov khoom raug qhib rov qab, lawv tau poob, thiab lub khau raj yuav tshwm sim nrog cov chaw pib ntawm lub cim pib. Txawm li cas los xij, Cisco cov khoom siv yog tsim los ntawm txoj kev uas nws tsis tuaj yeem ua ncaj qha rau kev hloov mus rau qhov pib txheej txheem. Yuav kom txuag tau tag nrho cov kev hloov rau lub cim xeeb, koj yuav tsum tau ua cov hauv qab no:

1. Luam cov chaw nqis tam sim no rau cov pib commands: #copy khiav-config startup-config.
2. Luam qhov chaw nqis mus rau FTP neeg rau zaub mov nrog cov lus txib: #copy khiav-config tftp: // server_name.

Third-party cov kev pab cuam rau Cisco configuration

Rau cov cuab yeej Cisco, qhov yuav ua tau yooj yim thiab ceev dua yog tias koj siv cov kev pab tshwj xeeb rau lub hom phiaj no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev saj: qhov nyuaj-sysadmins tau loj hlob nruj rau lawv qhov kev sib tham hauv console, thiab tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv qhov ua rau lawv tawm ntawm nws.

Tus so, tshwj xeeb yog cov pib tshiab, tuaj yeem pom zoo kom download tau qee cov ntawv sau npe uas yuav pab txhawb txoj haujlwm ntawm Cisco cov khoom siv:

1. Ua ntej tshaj, qhov no yog ib qho cuab tam lub cuab tam - Hyper Terminal program. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb versions ntawm qhov rais nws tsis yog khoom siv. Rau nruab Hyper Terminal, koj yuav tsum xaiv "Nruab Nrho Cov Khoom Xauv", tom qab ntawd nrhiav "Cov Kev Xam Phaj thiab Kev Pabcuam" thiab nias ntawm qhov "Composition" screen. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau nrhiav cov "Txuas" thiab nyem rau ntawm "Composition" dua thiab zuam qhov Hyper Terminal program.
2. Putty yog ib daim ntawv thov kev pab dawb rau lub qhov rais thiab Linux, nws yog ib qho zoo nkauj zoo kawg nkaus cov emulator. Nws yog qhov kev xaiv los ntawm ntau tus neeg khiav dej num.
3. Cisco Device Connections Program yog ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev teeb tsa thiab tsim Cisco tes hauj lwm, nws tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb heev. Raws li, nws muaj 100% compatibility nrog tag nrho cov cuab yeej Cisco. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Cisco Device Connections Program tau muab tso ua ke raws li ib daim ntawv thov rau ib tus neeg siv novice, uas xav tsim kom muaj ib lub lag luam me me nyob hauv ib lub lag luam me los yog hauv tsev hauv tsev.
4. Ib qho kev pab zoo - ib qho analogue ntawm Putty - hauv Linux OS koj tuaj yeem nyeem Mini pob ntawv.

Graphical configuration interface

Ntawm chav kawm, muab commands los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg yog ib qho haujlwm uas tsis yog txhua tus neeg siv yuav nyiam. Thiab cov kev pabcuam thib peb yuav tsum tau muab luam tawm, qee zaus tsis pub dawb. Txawm li cas los, nws yog ua tau kom cov graphical interface ncaj qha hauv Internet browser. Ua li no, koj yuav xub tau nruab ib qho tshwjxeeb Java module, uas koj tuaj yeem luam tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem Java lub vas sab. Lub module hu ua Jre. Ntxiv mus, koj xav tau daim ntawv thov SDM - nws tuaj yeem ntsia ob ntawm lub router nws tus kheej thiab ntawm qhov kev khiav hauj lwm.

Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau tso cai rau hauv qhov browser kom pom pop-ups thiab pib lub ntsiab lus.

Thaum lub SDM pib, koj yuav tsum tsav tus IP chaw nyob rau qhov chaw nres nkoj vlan1. Nws kuj tseem pom zoo kom koj tshem lub thawv ntawm ib sab ntawm lub HTTPS parameter.

Tom qab txhaj rau khawm lub khawm, ib lub thawv ntawv tshwm rau qhov chaw uas koj yuav raug nug kom nkag mus rau lo lus zais nkag teb chaws. Yog hais tias txhua tus nkag tau thwj - qhov kev ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov kev pab cuam SDM, launched ncaj qha hauv qhov browser, yuav tshwm sim.

Customizing tus Linksys qauv kab

Yog hais tias tus neeg siv tau txais ib lub router ntawm Linksys qauv kab, ces txoj hauj lwm ntawm teeb nyob hauv qhov chaw nraaj yog yooj yim dua thaum lub sij hawm. Tom qab txuas, nws yuav txaus rau hom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus browser: 192.168.1.1. Thiab tom qab ntawd, lub qhov rai qhov chaw yuav raug muab tso rau hauv kev nruam hom.

Yuav pib, koj yuav tsum tau hloov tam sim ntawd hloov tus password thiab tus ID nkag mus, uas yog vim li cas yog muab raws li: admin - admin. Qhov no yog ua tiav tom qab mus rau hauv Administration. Nyob hauv tib lub tab, koj tuaj yeem ua tus thaub qab backup chaw.

Tom ntej no, mus rau Wireless - Basic Wireless Setup, hauv no tab, teev cov nqis mus rau phau ntawv (Phau Ntawv). Raws li qhov tseem ceeb zais cia, tus naj npawb ntawm tus ntaus nws tus kheej feem ntau yog siv.

Nws tshua tsuas yog xaiv hom Internet txuas nrog siv thiab tsav tsheb hauv cov duab ua ke uas cov kws kho mob hais txog.

Lo lus zais Kev Nyab Xeeb

Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws muaj nqis ntsoov teev hais tias muaj ntau system cov thawj coj tsis thov mus rau lub secrecy ntawm koj passwords nrog vim kev sib hwm. Thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv vain, vim hais tias yog tas rau tsuas yog ib parameter "password" thaum uas tsim ib lo lus zais, ces nws yuav ua tau ntse "hauj lwm ua ke" ntawm snmp thiab txo cov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tag nrho system. Uas yog vim li cas nws yog pom zoo rau cov lag luam nrog cov cai siv parameter «pub leejtwg». Tus taw tes yog hais tias yog peb siv tus parameter «lo lus zais», tus password yuav muab cia rau hauv lub meej nyob rau hauv ib tug config ntaub ntawv, thiab yog hais tias tus tau parameter «pub leejtwg», lub lo lus zais yuav encrypted.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov ntaub ntawv, qhov hais kom ua rau koj muab cov lo lus zais encryption yuav tsum tau saib tej yam zoo li nram qab no: Router (config) #enable daim card PASS , nyob qhov twg PASS teev lo lus zais. Qhov no teev cov lo lus zais rau lub ncua hom ntxiv lawm.

Nyob ntawm seb cov qauv lub Cisco khoom, nyob hardware thiab software yuav sib txawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov duab zoo raws nraim raws li tau piav saum toj no.