Dawb crane (Sterkh): hauj lwm, qhov chaw uas lub neej thiab nthuav tseeb

Qhov no snow-dawb graceful thiab majestic noog yog ib cov nyiaj uas lub ntau cov xwm reserves. Txawm li cas los, cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv nws cov chaw tau raug tshee koos. Dawb crane (Sterkh) zes tsuas nyob rau hauv txwv qhov chaw ntawm lub sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia.

Sterh: sab nrauv nta

Siberian crane belongs rau lub genus Cranes, Cranes tsev neeg. Loj noog - nws txoj kev loj hlob mas nws txawv ntawm ib puas plaub caug rau ib puas thiab rau caum centimeters, nyhav txog yim kilograms. So crane tis mas nws txawv ntawm ob puas thiab kaum rau ob puas thiab peb caug centimeters, nyob ntawm seb cov pejxeem.

Tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj no migration ntawm nyob deb flights ua dawb crane. Sterh nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab zes thiab yug. Cov noog no yog zoo saib xyuas ornithologists.

xim

Dawb crane (sterkh) muaj ib tug yam ntxwv feature, uas nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau yam nrog rau lwm cov noog - liab ntev kaus ncauj muaj ntse Burr rau hauv lub xaus. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag thiab kaus ncauj plaub muaj, thiab daim tawv nqaij yog xim nyob rau hauv nplua nuj xim liab thiab yog pom los ntawm afar.

Plaub nyob rau hauv lub cev positioned nyob rau hauv ob kab - lub dawb, nyob rau sab hauv sab ntawm lub tis rau qhov xaus ntawm ob kab - dub. Lub ob txhais ceg yog ntev, pinkish Hawj txawm. Lawv yog cov zoo pab Crane nraum: tso cai rau kom txav mus rau hauv khov quagmire tshaj pob.

Chiv me nyuam qaib xiav ob lub qhov muag, ces lawv ua daj. Dawb crane (Sterkh) nyob txog xya caum xyoo, tsis tau tsim ib subspecies.

vaj tse

Niaj hnub no, muaj ob coob ntawm cranes ntawm no hom. Ib tug nyob rau hauv lub Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam, thiab lub thib ob - nyob rau hauv lub Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Qhov no yog ib tug heev ceev faj noog - dawb crane. Dawb Crane, ib nyuag lus piav qhia txog uas muab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, ua txhua yam kom tsis txhob muaj puas tau ntsib nrog cov neeg, thiab nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv vain: rau cov poachers nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw xav impunity.

Yog hais tias cov noog pom ib tug txiv neej - nws yoojyim lub zes. Siberian crane yuav tsis tau tsuas yog muab pov rau hauv lub clutch, tab sis twb daug lawm me nyuam qaib. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob disturb tus noog thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no. Dawb crane (Sterkh), uas zes xwb nyob rau hauv Russia, lub caij ntuj no yog nyob rau hauv Azerbaijan thiab Is Nrias teb, Afghanistan thiab Mongolia, Tuam Tshoj thiab Pakistan. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub peb hlis ntuj, lub cranes rov qab mus rau lawv teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv Yakutia Siberian Crane yog xa mus rau tej thaj chaw deb thaj chaw uas muaj tundra thiab xaiv mus rau qhov chaw swamps thiab impenetrable forests. Ntawm no nws nyob mus txog rau lub caij ntuj no migration.

khoom noj khoom haus

Muaj ntau naturalists xav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug: "yog dab tsi rau noj dawb crane (Sterkh)?" Tus noj haus ntawm no zoo nkauj noog nkag mus rau thiab zaub thiab tsiaj noj. Nrog rau dej nroj tsuag: tuber, paj rwb nyom, sedge thiab cranberries, uas yog heev fond ntawm Siberian Cranes - lawv tsis kam mus noj loj kab, qe ntawm lwm cov noog, nas, alien me nyuam qaib, invertebrates thiab ntses. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, thaum lub sij hawm tsiv teb tsaws, Siberian Cranes tas rau tsob nroj khoom noj. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov noog yeej tsis ua mob farmland.

tu tub tu kiv

Dawb cranes - ib tug niam noog. Vapors yog tsim thaum lub cranes yuav rau xyoo. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab los yog qhov xaus ntawm May tsim ib tug khub ntawm cov noog xaiv cov noog ua zes qhov chaw rau lub neej yav tom ntej. Ib yam li lwm hom cranes, lawv rov sib ntsib ib ob peb ntawm cov ntawv nrov nrov hu nkauj. Tus quaj ntawm cov noog yam ntxwv - ib lub caij nyoog, siab thiab ntshiab. Nws ntseg ib Siberian Cranes los ntawm lwm hom.

Siberian Cranes zes ua rau lub qhib dej. Lawv nyuaj packed platform ntawm sedge stems. Yuav Tsum yuav tsum tau thaum xaiv ib qho chaw rau zes - cov nyob rau ntawm cov dej tshiab, cov dej reservoir yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib lub qhov tob ntawm 40 centimeters.

Nws yog nthuav kom soj ntsuam lub mating seev cev khub niam txiv. Chiv, ob leeg noog pov rov qab nws lub taub hau thiab emit melodic, complex thiab lingering suab. Kom muaj raws li lawv "kab tshoob" song, tus txiv neej kis tau nws cov tis dav, thaum nws fiancee yuav lawv daim ntau quav tso. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov dawb cranes pib lawv seev cev, uas muaj bows, bouncing, ntuav li twigs thiab pats tis.

Cov kev siv ntawm lub zes, ob niam txiv muaj kev koom. Feem ntau, cov poj niam nteg ob lub qe gray nrog me me tsaus me ntsis. Nyob rau hauv ib tug qhuav xyoo yuav ua tau ib tug. Zag ntawm cov poj niam incubates thiab nees nkaum cuaj hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm no tus txiv neej vigilantly tiv thaiv lub zes.

Hatched zag pib ib uphill sib ntaus sib tua kom ciaj sia taus. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, yog ib qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau haib me nyuam qaib. Tom qab xya caum-tsib hnub nws tshwm sim xim av thiab liab plaub. Cov snow-dawb beauties lawv tig xwb los peb lub xyoos.

Tus liab Phau Ntawv Russia: dawb crane (Sterkh)

Sterkh - qhov loj tshaj plaws noog ntawm nws tsev neeg. Nws yog ib tug dej txoj kev ntawm lub neej, ua rau nws yooj yim mus ua hauj lwm kom txuag tau hom ntawm extinction. Tam sim no tus xov tooj ntawm lub Yakut pejxeem tsis pub tshaj peb txhiab. Rau sab hnub poob Siberian Siberian Cranes - qhov teeb meem no yog ib qho tseem ceeb: lawv tsis muaj ntau tshaj nees nkaum neeg.

Loj qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov dawb cranes twb koom nyob rau hauv 1970. ntau nurseries tau tsim cia nyiaj, qhov twg ornithologists loj hlob cov noog los ntawm qe. Lawv kuj qhia cov me nyuam qaib deb flights. Cuaj kaum, cov kev hem thawj uas yuav ploj kiag li dawb crane (Sterkh). Liab Phau Ntawv (International) kuj ua kom tiav lawv cov npe ntawm cov hom endangered. Tua tsiaj cov noog yog kiag li txwv tsis pub.

Vam thiab cia siab rau lub rooj txhawb siab

Txij li thaum lub nruab nrab-nineties ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ntau tshaj ib puas dawb cranes zus nyob rau hauv nurseries tau tso tawm rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj. Tu siab, xws tsis zoo acclimatized me nyuam qaib (nyiaj pab ntau tshaj 20%). Yog vim li cas rau xws li ib tug siab lub neej no tus nqi yog tus tsis muaj navigation kev taw qhia, raws li zoo raws li lub davhlau kev cob qhia, uas yog muab rau cov niam txiv nyob rau hauv cov qus.

Qhov teeb meem no yog sim mus kho cov American kws tshawb fawb. Lawv teem ib lub xyaum ua tej yam, cov essence ntawm uas yog nqa tawm lub me nyuam qaib los ntawm siv moto dai-gliders. Nyob rau hauv Russia, peb tau tsim ib tug zoo xws li cov kev pab cuam, hu ua "Davhlau ntawm Cia Siab".

Ua tau tsib trikes nyob rau hauv 2006, thiab nrog lawv pab cov tub ntxhais Siberian Cranes tau muab rau ntev txoj kev los ntawm Yamal rau Uzbekistan, qhov twg nyob gray cranes, Siberian Cranes, thiab nrog lawv mus lub caij ntuj no. Nyob rau hauv 2012, Thawj Tswj Hwm Vladimir Putin coj ib feem nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug kev pab cuam. Tab sis rau ib txhia yog vim li cas, lub sij hawm no gray cranes tsis tau txais lub Siberian Crane thiab ornithologists yuav tsum tau coj xya me nyuam qaib mus tam Belozersky nyob rau hauv Tyumen.

nthuav lus tseeb

• Nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb Crane hu ua noog-Lily. Indira Gandhi muab ib tug decree (1981), nyob rau hauv uas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm wintering dawb cranes twb tsim chaw ua si "Keoladeo", uas pom nruj tsoom fwv thiab tsim dej siab tej yam kev mob rau cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov zoo kawg li noog.
• Dawb crane (Sterkh) kov yeej lub coos txoj kev nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lwm cov hom cranes: ntau tshaj tsib thiab ib nrab txhiab kilometers. Ob zaug ib xyoos, lub cranes ya tshaj cuaj lub teb chaws.
• Nyob rau hauv Dagestan, uas nws lub teb chaws yog hla Siberian Cranes thaum lub sij hawm tsiv teb tsaws, muaj yog ib tug zoo nkauj lus dab neeg uas Siberian Cranes yog cov ntsuj plig poob cov tub rog. Cov lus dab neeg yog lub hauv paus ntawm tus naas ej song, uas yog sau cov lo lus Rasul Gamzatov.
• Nyob rau hauv lub mating lub caij dawb cranes pw tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ob teev ib hnub twg.
• Rau cov neeg ntawm lub Khanty Mansi thiab dawb crane yog ib yam dawb ceev noog, pab pawg neeg totem tseem ceeb cim ntawm tag nrho cov rituals.
• Khanty yeej tsis thab Crane: muaj ib tug unspoken taboo tiv thaiv mus rau lub chaw nyob qhov twg dawb cranes zes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov.
• Qhov zoo tshaj txoj kev ntawm yug me nyuam cov noog, ornithologists xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov "tu cov niam txiv" thiab rearing nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, lub qe dawb cranes yuav cog nyob rau hauv lub zes ntawm grey cranes. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - tus me nyuam qaib loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia, nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm los ntawm tib neeg hu. Tom qab ntawd lawv tso tawm rau ib tug neeg laus tsiaj qus cranes.

Noog watchers ntxiv los tsim cov kev ua ub aimed ntawm lub preservation ntawm no zoo kawg li noog. Peb cia siab tias cov dawb crane (Sterkh), cov kev qhia tawm uas peb tau hais nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm yuav tsum tau txais kev cawmdim thiab ib tug zoo noog yuav ntev ua haum peb nrog lawv views.