Cementation steel - tus txheej txheem thiab nws cov hauj lwm. Carburizing steel nyob rau hauv tsev

Nws tus kheej carburizing steel yog ib tug txheej txheem uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj-thermal ua. Nws essence muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm kev tsuas xyaus ntawm cov diffusion nto ntawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv uas ib tug txaus tus nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon thaum rhuab mus rau ib tug tej yam ib puag ncig.

Carburizing hlau. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev txiav txim

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev no yog kev kawm ntawm sab saum toj txheej ntawm lub tshuab qhov chaw thiab lub ntsiab tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon, qhov feem pua ntawm cov uas tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav 0.8-1.1%. Raws li ib tug ntawm xws li ib lub lag luam yog tau tom qab quenching ntawm lub high school nyob rau theem ntawm hardness ntawm cov khoom, thaum nws yas tub ntxhais yog khaws cia. Qhov no tseem ceeb tej khoom vaj tse ntawm tus txheej txheem.

hom

Raws li cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm lub dag lub zog ntawm cov tub ntxhais kev kawm ntawv no tau muab faib mus rau hauv peb lub ntsiab pawg ntawm qhov khoom processed:

• Nrog neuprochnyaemoy tub ntxhais. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li xws hom cemented Steels carbon, raws li 10, 15, 20. Siv lawv nyob rau hauv kom meej nrog lub me me luaj li cas thiab malootvetstvennymi zog. Ntawm no, cov cemented txheej nyob rau hauv nqa tawm hardening austenite transformation mus rau hauv ib tug ferritic-pearlitic sib tov.
• Nrog rau cov tub ntxhais, reinforcing tsis muaj zog. Cov pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li chromium uas tsis muaj hlau steel hom xws li 15X, 20 x. Muaj tuav ntxiv doping los ntawm me me ntxiv ntawm vanadium ua ib tug finer grain, uas tau nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho ductility thiab toughness ntawm cov khoom.
• Nrog mas hardenable tub ntxhais. Steels ntawm no pab pawg neeg yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua qhov chaw, uas muaj ib tug loj tus ntoo khaub lig seem los yog ib tug complex configuration, thiab kuj muaj kev tseem ceeb tej yam los yog poob siab loads raug loj kev nyuaj siab ntau yam. Lawv nqa muab npib tsib xee (12Kh2N4A, 12HNZA, 20HN). Vim hais tias ntawm cov scarcity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog tej zaum kuj nqa tawm nws hloov los ntawm manganese, siv me me tswv yim npaum li cas ntawm vanadium los yog titanium yuav tsum tau crushed grain.

Yeej carburizing yog siv los tsim ib tug feem pua ntawm qhov chaw hardness ntawm qhov chaw, raws li zoo raws li mus cuag siab durability, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev thov thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob tom qab kev cov txheej txheem.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm no lw no yuav

Carburizing steel yog siv rau cov nram qab no cov khoom:

- zog ;

- "ntiv tes";

- shafts;

- axes;

- leverage;

- "cua nab";

- cov kabmob qhov chaw (loj rings thiab clips), thiab lwm tus neeg.

Txoj kev rau carburizing

Yog hais tias muaj ob peb hom no cov ntaub ntawv uas, lawv txhua tus nws muaj nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev no yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau, cemented steel tej zaum yuav ua nyob rau hauv txawv tej yam kev mob thiab tej kev kawm, raws li tau zoo raws li yuav tsum tau kub ntawm 850 rau 950 degrees Celsius. Yog li ntawd, qhia ob peb txoj kev txiav txim:

1. txheej txheem carburizing tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov khoom carburizer. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws tseem tau los siv cov ntaub ntawv organic (tsiaj cov pob txha, ntoo, thiab lwm yam) thiab inorganic (coke) nyob rau hauv nrog ntau yam activators. Enrichment ntawm cov pa roj carbon yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm oxidation. Kev siv cov activators nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj txhawb kom zoo dua thiab sai dua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov no txoj kev yog tshwj xeeb yog pab tau ua kom tiav ntau dua carburizing tob. Nws yog zoo nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua steel khoom tsev tuaj. Txawm li cas los, txoj kev no yog heev lub sij hawm haus mas, nws yuav txais ib tug zoo siv ntawm lub zog, lub sij hawm thiab lub zog.

2. Tus txheej txheem ntawm carburizing tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm roj cua. Qhov no txoj kev yog ib qho yuav siv enriched gases (natural, lub cev, thiab lwm yam). Los yog qeb ntawm inert (nitrogen). Tag nrho cov nyob ntawm tus neeg. Dhau li carburising steel-raws li roj yog generated nrog ib tug me me feem pua ntawm cov aliphatic nyeem hydrocarbons, hluav taws roj zeb los yog alkanes. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, qhov no txoj kev yog siv nyob rau hauv loj-scale lawm, tab sis yog heev kim nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov nyiaj. Ib tug zoo xws li cov qauv no yog siv nyob rau hauv lub thermal ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub kub qhov cub rotortnuyu muab mixtures ntawm cov organic siab molecular tebchaw (e.g., Turpentine, ethyl cawv, thiab lwm yam), uas, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj lub peev xwm los cev qhuav dej nyob rau hauv tus ntawm catalysts (npib tsib xee).

3. Cov txheej txheem kua carburization. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub cyanide thiab bestsianidnyh da. Txhua yam ntawm cov kev kawm yog yus muaj los ntawm nws tus yam ntxwv, zoo thiab tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, cyanide da tsis txwv kom muab zais li harmless. Lawv feem ntau yog dej num raws li txaus ntshai rau cov ib puag ncig xov xwm tsis tsuas cov ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj rau tib neeg. Yog li ntawd, thaum uas siv cov tej khoom yuav tsum tau sim ua raws li tag nrho cov kws kho kev nyab xeeb kev ntsuas kom tsis txhob unfavorable txim. Tab sis txoj kev raws li nyob rau hauv bestsianidnoy da dej yog tsis pom zoo kom thov vim lub fact tias nws ua rau yus irreversible kis ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev soj ntsuam txog zoo kev puas tsuaj. Cov kev yog hais tias lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nws yog tsuas yog cia li rau ntiav depths carburizing.

Thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob ntawm cemented khoom

Qhov no kuj yog heev tseem ceeb ua kom paub meej. Tom qab tag nrho, txawm tom qab cementing cov khoom tsis muaj lub siab feem pua ntawm cov durability thiab kev cia siab. Yog li ntawd, cov kauj ruam kawg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov ua hauj lwm ntawm hardening thiab tempering. Quenching txheej txheem muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nta thiab zog. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cementation grain kev loj hlob, thiab nws rov tshaj tus ntoo khaub lig seem yog tsis niaj hnub thiab yog consumed unevenly. Yog li ntawd, cov zoo tu qab tso quenching ob peb theem, txhua tus uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej yam kub tej yam kev mob.

xaus

Tom qab nyeem ntawv cov saum toj no, peb yuav hais tias lub koom haum ntawm tus txheej txheem no thaum lub sij hawm siv thiab ua cov steel khoom tseem ceeb heev. Qhov kev ua ho ntxiv dag zog rau qhov chaw txheej ib feem. Thaum muaj kev txawj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no thiab qhov tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom yuav nqa tawm carburizing steel nyob rau hauv lub tsev.