Caliber 308 Yeej: xyuas, specifications thiab ballistics

Caliber 308 yog hais txog ib tug loj pawg ntawm kev sib ntaus los thiab kev yos hav zoov cartridges, uas muaj ib tug sab heev uas daim ntawv thov thiab kev tshaj tawm. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog ntau yam zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv ntawm hom kab txaij, tau tsim los ntawm cov thawv ntawm kaum plaub, siv rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Tub rog ntawm lub XIX - XX centuries. Caliber 308 muaj ntau yam thiab tsim nyog rau ob pab tub rog thiab kev yos hav zoov. Cov cartridge no yog tsim los ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov tuam txhab lag luam loj hauv ntiaj teb. Muaj ntau ntau cov kev hloov kho ntawm cov cartridges rau 308 caliber riam phom, uas txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txwv nyias uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ballistic. Qhov ntau ntawm kev tua tsiaj carbines thiab ntaus los riam phom uas siv qhov kev qhia no yog qhov dav thiab muaj xws li, nrog rau lwm yam, kev tsim txom. Qhov no ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog kev pom ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, nrog rau kev txhim khu ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, qhov qis rov qab, qhov nyhav dua ntawm qhov riam phom rau qhov cartridge thiab cov kev kho mob ntawm kev siv nyiaj rov qab. Cov neeg tsim tawm ntawm kev siv yos hav zoov tau siv ntev li 308 tus peev xwm thiab muab kev xaiv ntau ntawm 308 caliber mos txwv ntawm cov nqi pheej yig, thiab tseem tsim cov qauv tshiab ntawm cov carbines raws li qhov tseeb kev hloov hauv kev koom ua ke ntawm kev siv yos hav zoov, nrog rau kev hloov nrog cov khoom siv hloov thiab cov laij.

Pebcaug-thawj tus neeg sawv cev

Cov keeb kwm ntawm Asmeskas thirties rov qab mus rau "tsoom fwv patron" ntawm 45-70 Tsoomfwv, uas nws tso tawm xyoo 1873.

Nws yog ib qho hnyav thiab qis-phom muas txwv rau ib lub phom-phom tua ib zaug uas muaj cov nram qab no:

1. Cov caliber yog 11.63 hli.
2. Cov hmoov nplaum yog 4.54 g.
3. Cov mos txwv loj - 26.2 g.
4. Lub hwj huam yog 3000 joules.

Nws yog ib tug patron ntawm lub hloov ntu thaum muaj ib tug hloov ntawm hmoov dub rau haus kiag pyroxylin hom. Nws cov pobisticistic yam ntxwv thiab siv ceev xwmphem cov nyhuv yog ze rau ib qho thaiv npog ntawm 16-rab phom smoothbore phom. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua, Asmeskas Pab tub rog xav tau ib daim cartridge tshiab, ntais ib qho, rau cov yeeb tshuaj tsis muaj haus thiab ib qho me me ua rau ntau cov phom phom. Thiaj li nyob rau hauv 1892, ib cartridge 30-40 Krag tshwm rau lub Krag-Jorgensen phom. Nws yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg ntawm American cartridges ntawm kaum peb plaub, uas tau muaj ib daim ntawv foos ntawm daim ntawv cartridge. Lub ntsiab qhov sib txawv ntawm no daim cartridge los ntawm cov kev tshwm sim tom ntej yog cov khoom fedge nyob rau sab kawg ntawm lub tes tsho. Nws yam ntxwv muaj raws li nram no:

1. Cov caliber yog 7.8 hli.
2. Qhov ntev yog 78.5 hli.
3. Cov mos txwv - 6-13 xyoo.
4. Tus thawj pib ceev yog 883-820 m / s.
5. Lub zog qhov muag yog 2529 Joule.

Qhov no yog ib qho ntse dhia mus rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm ntau yam thiab qhov tseeb ntawm hluav taws. Nyob ntawm nrug deb ntawm 200 m thaum tua nrog lub tiaj tus me nyuam, lub xauv dej nqes mus rau ntawm 2 cm Rau cov tub rog siv lub thawv no tsis siv ntev, tiam sis kev tua cov tsiaj loj mus txog 250 kg tseem siv.

Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas ntev thij nyiab

Tag nrho cov cartridges ntawm no tsev neeg muaj tib lub raj mis-puab liner raws li lub 30-40 Krag, tab sis lawv tsis muaj ib tug flange protruding.

Cov thawj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kaum peb lub ntsiab lus tau raug tsim los ua ib hoob me me-lub chav mos txwv rau kev siv phom. Cov cartridges no txawv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub tes tsho, uas cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm rab phom, nrog rau cov duab, qhov loj thiab tsim ntawm cov mos txwv. Lub tes tsho uas tsis muaj qhov flange protruding yog ib hom lus German thiab tsim rau phom nrog lub thawv magazine xws li Mauser M 98. Thawj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov classic American ntawm thirteen-caliber muzzle yog lub mos txwv rau Springfield phom, uas yog cov ntawv luam ntawm cov phom saum npoo hais saum toj kawg nkaus nrog lub thawv ntawv thiab lub nrawm sab nraud. Lub sijhawm xyoo pua nees nkaum xyoo, ob lub tebchaws tshwm sim tshwm sim. Lawv yog cov cim 30-03 thiab 30-06 Springfield. Ob lub cartridges txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv qhov ntev ntawm lub tes tsho thiab cov duab ntawm lub mos txwv. Caliber 30-06 muaj lub tsho luv luv ntawm 1.77 hli, tab sis qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yog qhov tsim cov mos txwv. Caliber 30-03 muaj hnav hnyav hnyav 14.3 grams nrog lub taub hau. Cov mos txwv no tsis tau txais cov yam ntxwv zoo txaus rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua, tab sis nws muaj cov khoom siv zoo heev. Cov cwj pwm no yog vim li cas nws txoj hauj lwm tsis ntev ua tub rog thiab kev hloov mus rau lub nrig ntawm kev yos hav zoov. Qhov kawg ntawm ob daim duab ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm tus ciam qis txhais tau tias lub xyoo hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Tub rog tau siv cov ntawv thwj toob. Calibre 30-03 - 1903 Calibre 30-06 - 1906 Kev siv tus cartridge tshiab ntawm lub kaum peb hlis ntawm peb xyoos yog vim muaj ib qho mos txwv. Cov Germans pib ua kom cov ntsej muag rau lawv cov phom ntev, uas sib zog thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Asmesliskas, nws tau teb rau cov lus tshiab hauv German thiab coj lawv daim ntawv ntawm daim cartridge nrog lub ntsej muag uas muaj lub ntsej muag uas muaj 9.7 g. Yog li ntawd, muaj lub siab tawv 30-06, uas yog tseem siv ua tub rog, nws yog nws tus uas yog tus neeg saib xyuas tsiaj txhu ntau tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm xaiv ib tug riam phom ntawm qib kaum peb

Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj ob lub ntsiab lus thiab ntau tshaj plaws ntawm lub 30th mos txwv mos txwv nrog cov qauv zoo tib yam, tab sis lawv xav tau ob qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov pawg neeg. Qhov no riam phom yog nyob rau hauv lub caliber ntawm 30-06 thiab nyob rau hauv lub caliber ntawm 308 yeej. Qhov teeb meem no yog los ntawm cov neeg tuaj yos hav zoov tshiab, vim lawv muaj cov phom zoo tib yam rau cov ntawv thwj rau tib daim npav, tab sis xaiv cov riam phom nyob ntawm qhov khi rau ib hom kab mos txwv. Txhawm rau ua rau qhov teeb meem no ua rau tsis txaj muag, nws tseem ceeb los qhia tias vim li cas qhov teeb meem no feem ntau tshwm sim. Yuav kom liam rau US cov tub rog, raws li ob qho tib si cartridges yog tsim rau cov kev sib ntaus los ua tsov rog rau Teb Chaws Asmeskas tub rog. Cartridge 308 caliber yog ib daim ntawv luv ntawm cov caliber 30-06. Zog version nyob tom qab lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, thaum cov tub rog xav tau kev pab yuav tsum tau ib tug tshiab intermediate cartridge nrog ib tug weaker tej yam nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm uas nws twb tau los tsim ib tug tshiab system ntawm rho riam phom. Lub tsho luv luv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim compact automation vim yog lub luv luv stroke ntawm bolt pab pawg, thiab qhov weakening ntawm lub hau muzzle tsim dua txawm tias yuav ua rau kom txo tau qhov hnyav ntawm qhov riam phom. Nyob rau thaum ntxov 50's, tus caliber 308 tau txais los ntawm US Army thiab lwm lub teb chaws NATO. Daim cartridge no tseem siv rau cov tshuab phom, tshuab phom thiab sniper phom rau sab hnub poob. Ntawm qhov hnyav thiab cov khoom siv ntawm kev yos hav zoov, qhov kev hloov hauv qhov ntev ntawm 30-gauge cartridge ntawm tus qauv ntawm 1906 yeej tsis cuam tshuam rau. Tias yog vim li cas thiaj li muaj ob daim cartridges ntawm tib lub caliber, nyob rau hauv uas tau ua kom zoo li phom uas muaj ntau qhov ntev ntawm pawg neeg Bolt.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov caliber 308 yeej tau los ntawm qhov caliber 30-06 rau kev yos hav zoov

Caliber 30-06 qauv 1906 g muaj cov yeeb yam nram qab no:

1. Caliber - 7.62 hli (siv caliber - 7.82 hli).
2. Qhov ntev ntawm daim cartridge yog 84.84 mm.
3. Qhov ntev ntawm lub tes tsho yog 63.35 mm.
4. Qhov ntau ntawm qhov phaus nyhav - 6,54-16,2 g.
5. Qhov pib ceev yog 820-976 m / s.
6. Qhov ntau ntawm cov tho qhov muaj zog yog 3200-4126 Joules.
7. Muaj peev xwm ua kom tau tus neeg siv lub thawv ntawv nrog lub thom khwm thiab qhov tsim nyog ntawm rab phom.

Caliber 308 yeej muaj cov yeeb yam nram qab no:

1. Caliber - 7.62 hli (siv caliber - 7.82 hli).
2. Qhov ntev ntawm daim cartridge yog 71.05 hli.
3. Qhov ntev ntawm lub tes tsho yog 51.18 hli.
4. Cov mos txwv qhov hnyav yog 6,54-13 g.
5. Qhov pib ceev yog 800-950 m / s.
6. Lub zog muaj zog - 3600 Joules.

Kev sib txawv me ntsis thiab qhov txawv ntawm qhov txawv

Cov cartridges muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws, thiab lawv cov kev ua npau suav yog cov qauv zoo sib xws. Caliber 30-06 tuaj yeem tsim muaj cov mos txwv ntau dua, tab sis qhov zoo tshaj 308 caliber nyob hauv lub hnab khov lub cev tsuas muaj peev xwm nkaus xwb nrog qhov ntev ntawm qhov thoob nrog qhov tsim nyog twist thiab siv lub hmoov tshwj xeeb uas qeeb hlawv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev qhia no yog lawv cov nqi thiab muaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lag luam. Qhov txawv teb chaws 308 caliber rau kev yos hav zoov yuav pheej yig dua 30-06. Tab sis domestic cartridges ntawm ob leeg, uas yog ntau pheej yig tshaj li imported, yog txawv heev nyob rau hauv zoo. Raws li cov neeg yos hav zoov, tus caliber ntawm 30-06 uas ua rau hauv Barnaul nrog lub tes tsho hlau muaj ntau cov kev tsis txaus siab txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua, pes tsawg tus qeeb hauv kev tua thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib haum ntawm lub bolt. Tab sis cov lus hais hauv domestic 308 muaj kev thuam ntau yam tsis zoo ntawm kev ua zoo. Thaum xaiv cov riam phom rau kev sojntsuam rau lub tebchaws US 30 xyoo, nws tsim nyog tau xaiv qhov txawv txav ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov kabmob uas tshwm ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 30-06 thiab cov cartridges ntawm caliber 308, thiab kuj zoo siv tau. Hauv ob qho tib si, qhov txawv ntawm ballistic tus yam ntxwv yuav tsis tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv luv luv version ntawm American cartridge ntawm lub kaum peb lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ntawm mos txwv muas txwv muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov riam phom.

Npaj

Lub 308 caliber muaj ib yam tseem ceeb. Tsiv ntawm 308 caliber cov mos txwv thiab nws txoj kev tawm mus rau ntawm txoj kab dav dav nyob ntawm seb qhov hnyav ntawm lub qhov mos txwv, nws hom thiab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm tus cartridge. Cov lus qhia tau muab piv rau cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv rau kev tua hluav taws ntawm 200 tawm mais thiab ib twist ntawm 12 ntiv.

Los ntawm cov lus saum toj no, nws tuaj yeem pom tias 308-caliber ballistics ntawm cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab sib txawv txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv, lawv cov duab sib txawv, thiab ntau qhov sib txawv thiab qhov zoo ntawm rab phom. Cov khoom ntawm ballistic ntawm cartridges ntawm caliber 308 ntawm domestic qhuav yog me ntsis inferior mus import cartridges, cov ntaub ntawv uas tau muab nyob rau hauv lub rooj.

Qhov zoo ntawm kev yoj hav zoov lub nruab zog 308 caliber

Tua tsiaj ntawm 308 caliber muaj peev xwm ua tus nqi them, them nqi, ib qho automatic, thiab ib qho tseem ceeb uas tau them ua ke thiab nrog, nrog ob peb thom voos txawv txawv. Kev tsav tsheb rau tus kheej thiab kev siv tsheb tsis zoo nyob rau hauv lub trifen threescug kaum peb lub ntsiab lus ntau dua vim yog tsis tuaj yeem rov qab. 308 caliber carbine for hunting muaj ntau yam zoo. Ib qho tshuaj tivthaiv kabmob ib leeg muaj ib lub voj luaj nrig nrog luv luv stroke, uas ua rau nws ua tau kom txo tau qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav ntawm qhov riam phom tsis muaj kev txi ntawm kev tua. Cartridge 308 caliber yog universal. Hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov phom suab nkaus xwb uas muaj ib lub zais zawg kab rov tav, thiab nrog rab phom vaum. Lub 308th caliber carbines nrog lub qhov ntswg qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov sib txuam, lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav thiab roj ua kom tsis muaj zog, tsis qeeb, thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav poob siab yuav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub brace, es tsis yog ib lub kauv, uas ua rau cov teeb meem-dawb. Muaj lwm qhov zoo uas muaj peev xwm ua tau ntawm 308. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov neeg yos hav zoov tau qhia tias thaum lub khw muag khoom tsis ua rau cov khoom siv no tsis yoojyim rau hauv lub chamber manually, ib tug los ntawm ib tug, thiab nrog cov cartridges ntev dua, xws li caliber 30-06 thiab lwm tus, cov txheej txheem no tsis zoo lossis tag nrho Yeej tsis ua vim yog qhov ntev. Thiab ib qho ntxiv kom zoo dua. Hauv phom ntev phom ntev rau cov thawv ntawv ntev, lub plhaub ntawm lub mos txwv ntawm lub plab yog deformed ntau npaum li cas thaum nws yuav tau tsiv mus rau lub chamber, uas cuam tshuam qhov tseeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Feem ntau tsis thuam hauv qhov kev xav no muaj ib qho kev paub txog ntawm 308. Cov kws tawm tswv yim zoo tshaj qhov ntsuas 308 caliber rau hauv no hwm, qhov ntev dua ntawm qhov 30th caliber.

308 caliber nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw cov tshuab nrog cov khoom sib pauv hloov

Cartridge 308 caliber yeej ib txwm nyob hauv txoj kab nrog cov qauv tam sim no hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev yos hav zoov tua tsiaj. Ntau thiab ntau nrov yog universal systems, nyob rau hauv uas koj yuav siv tau ob peb ntawm nrov tshaj plaws calibers thiab lawv ntau yam. Muaj cov qauv uas tuaj yeem hloov kho nyob rau hauv tshav pob, yam tsawg kawg hauv 308 caliber carbine, txawm hauv 30-06 caliber carbine, thiab tseem hloov cov caliber ntawm pob tw. Piv txwv, qhov system MARC rau xim muaj hloov tshiab thiab cov lais xees. Nws lub mechanism yog zoo li lub AK mechanism, tab sis yog tsis muaj roj khiav twj. Lub sij hawm no ntawm cov roj rov qab yog nqa tawm manually los rub lub zawg kab rov tav. Cov kev tsim txom nrog kev hloov tshiab thiab cov kab laib tau raug hu ua lub cav tsheb tsis zoo uas siv HPE "Rauj". Qhov tshwj xeeb tua tsiaj riam phom ntawm Lavxias teb chaws cov khoom nruab nrab yog ib phau tuaj yeem magazine nrog txoj kev tshem tawm roj, uas muaj peev xwm khiav lag luam li 308 tus npliag phom, nrog rau cov phom ntev tsheb 223 thiab 20X76. Qhov no - thiab rab phom, thiab ib hom carbine ntawm ob hom nyob hauv ib qho, tsim rau ib daim ntawv tso cai.

Lub siab twist rau 308th caliber

Nws muaj ntau lub kab sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv nrog ib tug twist rau 308th caliber, txij ntawm 10 mus rau 14 ntiv ntawm qhov siab ntev. Ntsev yog ib qho puv ntawm lub txag nyob ntawm nws txoj kab xis, nws yog thaum tsiv hauv cov thooj av. Raws li, ib twist ntawm 10 ntiv tes - qhov no yog qhov puv ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub thoob, uas ua rau muaj ib lub mos txwv tom qab dhau 10 xuas ntws raws lub pob tw. Cov hnyav dua thiab ntev dua cov mos txwv, qhov luv luv twist. Los txiav txim siab qhov kev xav twist rau 308th caliber, koj yuav tsum paub txog hom ntawv mos txwv uas yuav siv tau rau feem ntau hauv kev yos hav zoov. Tus qauv hnyav ntawm 168-phaus mos txwv tuaj yeem raug txiav txim siab rau qhov 308 qib qis. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas qhia tau hais tias kom muaj lub qhov mos txwv yam tsawg kawg yuav ua rau 14 inches. Txuj mos txwv nrog kev sib tw yuav tshaj qhov qub, tab sis lawv cov khoom yuav tsis nyob hauv kev xam pom zoo. Rau qhov hnyav 308 nplhaib, yuav tsum muaj luv luv twist. Ntau tus neeg yos hav zoov tau hais tias rau 308 caliber uas koj xav tau 12 twists. Piv txwv li, carbine Chezet 550 gauge 308 nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev hloov kho feem ntau raug nplua raws li ib qho piv txwv. Czech phom yog distinguished los ntawm ib tug shutter universal rau ntau lengths ntawm cartridges ntawm 308 caliber, uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej yog qhov loj heev. Yuav kom txo tau qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov riam phom, Czech phom phom siv lub tshuab tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim cov thin-walled trunks, uas zoo heev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom ntawm lub caij nyoog ntawm lub overthating ntawm lub thoob. Kev coj mus yos hav zoov yuav tsum muaj lub cev tuab, ib qho yooj yim pom, thaum koj tuaj yeem ntes lub hom phiaj ntawm yoov, tsis ua hauj lwm pub dawb thiab ib lub shutter rau qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws ntawm daim npav ntawm 30 caliber, uas yog 308 caliber. Cov twist yuav tsum muab xam rau lub siab tshaj thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov mos txwv. Rau tag nrho cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig thiab qes, 308 caliber yos hav zoov carbines yuav tsum tau xaiv nrog 12-nti twist, uas yuav muab ib qho kev tiv thaiv txhim khu rau domestic muas txwv nruab nrog cov mos txwv txiav. Tus 308 caliber muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv dawb ntawm cov phom daus ntawm tus nqi pheej yig, yog li 12 twists yog ib qho kev ua tau zoo dua.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm qhov tseeb yog lub Remington 308 caliber

Kev tua yos hav zoov hauv 308 caliber los ntawm lub tuam txhab "Remington" muaj qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv cov qauv. Lub zais zis ntawm lub taub hau tseem ceeb thiab cov phom phom ntawm lub tuam txhab no ua rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Mauser Phom ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. 308 caliber pub rau koj los tsim ntau hom kev riam phom, xws li kev ua kis las thiab xaus nrog kev ua riam phom ntses, ntse rau kev yos hav zoov nyob rau sab qaum teb hauv Teb Chaws Mes Kas. Qhov tseeb ntawm Remington phom nyob rau hauv 308th cartridge yog unsurpassed. Tsis pub dhau $ 3,000, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav Remington rab phom ntev hauv 308 caliber rau yuav luag txhua tus pej xeem lub hom phiaj, xws li kev yos hav zoov, kev ua si thiab kev tiv thaiv. Siab raug vim yog kev tso siab rau Asmeskas riam phom cov kab lig kev cai thiab ua tau raws li cov kev cai rau NATO kev sib ntaus sib tua, qhov chaw 308 cartridge yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov phom tshuab thiab tshuab phom. Ib lub tsho luv luv tsis muaj flange rau 30th caliber muab cov sijhawm zoo rau cov neeg tsim khoom los tsim cov riam phom ntawm kev ntseeg siab thiab raug, tsom rau cov kev xav tau nyob rau hauv civil sector. Lub cheaper versions ntawm domestic 308 caliber cartridges nrog zoo li ballistic yam ntxwv rau thaj analogues nce qhov zoo ntawm 308 caliber rau yos hav zoov nyob rau hauv Russia. Tsis muaj qee zaum rov qab, siab dua thiab kev txhim khu ntxiv rau txoj kev ua haujlwm tshiab ua rau 308 qhov kev lag luam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau txhua daim teb ntawm daim ntawv thov, suav nrog tsis tas tua tsiaj, tab sis tseem tiv thaiv thiab kev ruaj ntseg.