Buttress. Yuav ua li cas yog hais tias?

Lo lus "buttress" muaj ob peb lub ntsiab thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb. Lub architecture thiab siv tsim yog su nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev - yog ces yuav tsum lub sij hawm "ya buttresses ntawm lub pob txha taub hau." Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si zaum, qhov kev lo lus yog nrog nws roughly tib lub ntsiab lus.

Buttress nyob rau hauv architecture thiab siv

Rov qab nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, buttress phab ntsa muaj gained tej chaw, nws tau txais kev pab raws li ib feem ntawm lub Romanesque style ntawm architecture. Cov lug tau ua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, adhering rau cov phab ntsa hauv pem hauv ntej sab thiab positioned ntawm ib tug tej yam deb ntawm txhua lwm yam, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov chaw uas abut arches arches nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa.

Buttress - ib ntsug tsim, uas txhawb nqa rau pem hauv ntej sab ntawm lub tsev thiab noj cov sab thrust quab yuam. Tus ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm xws li ib tug ntaus ntawv yuav ntau dua degree ntawm approximation rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov kauj ruam los yog daim duab peb sab. Thaum muaj ib tug kuj me me load, cov seem tej zaum nws yuav tsum yog tib yam nyob rau hauv tsos los ze zog mus rau lub pilaster.

Buttresses yog:

• ceev;
• ntsug;
• khaub-ncaws nyias;
• ces kaum.

Romance qauv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm vaj tse tended tebchaws vaj tse aspiring li, vim hais tias cov architects ntawm lub sij hawm uas txiav txim siab hais tias nws yog tsim nyog thiab yuav tsum tau feem ntau txhim khu kev qha ceev tsim. Vertical buttress coj tsawg nroog txoj kev qhov chaw. Nws yog heev yooj yim mus siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem uas tsis muaj chaw txaus rau vaj tse. Hnav buttress - qhov no yam tshiab ntawm kev tsim, nws rov ib co kuj, cov sab saum toj ntawm lub pob zeb chaw turret. Qhov kawg lub sij hawm ntawm lub angular Gothic yus erection ntawm buttresses, uas yog muab tso rau ib kaum ntawm 45 ° rau ntawm cov phab ntsa.

Buttresses nyob rau hauv lub Gothic architecture

System skeletons nyob rau hauv Gothic architecture muaj xws li ib tug txheej ntawm tsim nta ntawm lub tsev cov tswv yim uas ua rau nws ua tau rau redistribute lub load ntawm lub tsev thiab nyob rau hauv ob peb lub sij hawm mus ua yooj yim lub overlap thiab phab ntsa. Los ntawm no architectural innovation ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog muab ob peb lub sij hawm mus ua ntau dua heights thiab Siv cheeb tsam. Lub ntsiab Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv Gothic architecture tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug buttress. Qhov no transverse phab ntsa ntawm lub pob zeb, uas cov flying buttresses tsa - txheej poluarku, tav - projecting tav. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau ua rau ib lub hom phiaj, nqa tawm ib lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim.

Buttress - ib tug haib ncej, ntsug ua lub tsev lug, uas incurs ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa kev nyuaj siab, counteracts thrust vaults. Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog nws yeej tsis ncaj qha tiv thaiv phab ntsa ntawm lub chav tsev, thiab nqa tawm ntawm ib tug deb ntawm attaching mus rau lub tsev ntawm hitched arches, ya buttresses. Qhov no yog txaus rau zoo redirect lub load rau ntawm cov nyiaj them yug txhua los ntawm cov phab ntsa. Lawv tus kheej ua tsim ntawm buttresses ntsug, inclined thiab tsis tu ncua tshaj.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm cov ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub gothic architecture yog raws li nram no: set tsis muab tag nrho nws cov phab ntsa load thiab siab puab tais vaults thiab arches qhia tav rau cov ncej (txhua), buttresses thiab ya buttresses xav tias sab thrust. Tsaug rau no kev sib koom tes Cheebtsam yuav tsim ib lub tsev uas muaj ntau ntau ntawm qhov rais, nws tau ua ib tug nrov tsuas iav kos duab thiab puab.

Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm uas Gothic architecture pib muaj xws li nws, tsis dim upwards rau arches, uas nyob rau hauv lem ua rau tsawg dua sab thrust, muab tau rau redirect ntau ntau lub siab rau lub bearings. Koov yog reminiscent ntawm cov boom, los ua taw, elongated. Thiab yog qhov kev kawm embodiment ntawm lub tswv yim yooj yim ntawm lub Gothic - lub siab xav temples upwards. Heev feem ntau, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tus ya buttresses tau raws li nyob rau hauv lub buttress, lawv muab tso rau pinnacles.

Cov me nyuam los tu ntawm cov designs hnub no

Buttress phab ntsa ua rau kev nkag siab rau siv rau cov uas tsis-sawv vaj tse, nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas lwm hais tilted (on mob tias rau pem hauv ntej ib feem muaj ib qho chaw rau cov installation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais, thiab lawv tsis dais raug mob architecture). Feem ntau teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm xws lug - lub tsev lawv nyob rau ntiav cov me nyuam yaus, vim hais tias tom qab lub te heaving ntawm av los ntawm lub buttresses muaj yog ib tug uas muaj feem yuav mus yuav yus tig. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj yog ib tsis muaj zog point ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm lub ntsiab - peb yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog hauv qab daus phab ntsa.

Qhov twg lwm tus yog pom nyob rau ya buttresses

Nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab cov tshuaj raws li lub sij hawm yog siv, thiab nws muaj ib tug tej yam ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, buttresses pob txha taub hau yog ua hauj lwm qhov chaw uas yuav coj lub ntsiab load thaum lub sij hawm zom, raws li zoo raws li soften lub shocks uas ua los ntawm cov interdigitation. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv ua tau tsawg tuav thiab tshee thaum tsiv lub tag nrho lub cev (taug kev, dhia, khiav). Buttresses jaws yog nyeem tas thiab muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov pob txha taub hau.