"Borodino teb" - lub Xeev Borodino ua tsov ua rog thiab keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej thiab Reserve

Borodino teb - nws tsis yog tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev, tab sis kuj yog ib tug ceeb toom rau tag nrho cov ntawm cov tub rog hwjchim ci ntsa iab ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog uas tiv thaiv lawv teb chaws, tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub XIX, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub XX caug xyoo. Yuav ua li cas nws nruab nrab yog ntau xyoo tom qab tus poj yeej ntawm peb cov khub pej xeem? Borodino teb, lub yees duab ntawm uas tsuas yuav tsis qhia tag nrho cov greatness ntawm no cov keeb kwm qhov chaw, tsawg kawg ib zaug nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej muaj los mus xyuas txhua txhua Lavxias teb sab.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Muaj ntau cov neeg hluas uas yog fond ntawm lub glorious keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws, paub lub tshav pob ntawm Borodino. Qhov twg yog qhov chaw ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua yav tas los invincible Fabkis pab tub rog ntawm Napoleon thiab lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog, lub npe hu txawm mus rau ntau txawv teb chaws. Qhov no yog vim tus nco tseem ceeb ntawm no ntshav sib ntaus sib tua uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812. Nws yog nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas hloov cov chav kawm ntawm keeb kwm, tsis tsuas yog rau cov Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, tab sis kuj rau cov teb chaws Europe.

Borodino teb yog cov coob lub teb chaws nestled sab hnub poob ntawm Mozhaisk. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug nyob deb nroog kev sib hais haum. Nws muaj ib tug uas tsim nyog lub npe - Borodino. Qhov no hais sib haum koom lub Mozhaisk koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow cheeb tsam. Nws ua tau nyob ze ntawm lub zos ntawm Borodino. Tias qhov no qhov chaw tau destined los ua ib tug monument rau lub yeeb koob thiab lub indomitable plig ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab tub rog.

Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve, thiab yog hu ua - "Borodino teb", yog ib tug memorial ntawm ob World War II. Nyob rau nws yog lub npe hu nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nws yog suav hais tias yog hiob tsev cia puav pheej tsim rau lub battlefield. Lub zeem cia chaw uas zoo heev yog 110 sq. km. Nws yog xav paub ntau tshaj 200 lub cim, obelisks thiab monuments. Ib co ntawm cov feem ntau nto moo ntawm lawv - qhov hais kom ua posts ntawm Napoleon thiab M. I. Kutuzova, memorial, monuments mus rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog.

Lub glorious keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm tam sim no hais sib haum yim hli ntuj 26 (New Style 7 Cuaj hlis) nyob rau hauv 1812 yog ib tug loj sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub Fabkis pab tub rog ntawm Napoleon thiab Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Tab sis tsis tau tsuas yog no sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino yog qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg hauv zos. Nyob rau hauv 1941-1942. nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yog zoo kab kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow.

Daim ntawv qhia Borodino teb yog tej nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej yam tshwm sim designating cov los yog lwm yam tsim nyog nco qhov chaw. Lub ntsiab txheej xwm ntawm Fabkis-Lavxias teb sab sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub qub Smolensk txoj kev. xws ib qho tseem ceeb ua tub rog chaw twb nyob rau lub teb chaws:

• Bagration (Semenov) flushes;

• Shevardino redoubt;

• Cov roj teeb Rajewski.

Tau ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua

Raws li historians, cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino twb tau mus kawm los ntawm 120 txhiab Lavxias teb sab tub rog thiab 135.000 Fabkis. Lub Russians muaj 624 phom, thaum lawv tw - 587. Lub sib ntaus sib tua pib nrog lub capture ntawm Fabkis lub zos ntawm Borodino, qhov twg ua ntej lawv Russians pab tub rog. Lub ntsiab txheej xwm ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua pib thaum 5:00 sawv ntxov, nyob rau sab laug flank ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Thaum no tus taw tes nyob rau hauv lub kwj nyob Semenovski Bagration flushes. Muaj ntau lub sij hawm ntawm tsiv sib ntaus sib tua. Flushes ntau lub sij hawm dhau los ntawm txhais tes mus rau tes tw. Lub ntiaj teb twb them kom tiav nrog rau cov corpses ntawm cov txiv neej thiab cov nees. Nyob rau hauv no sib ntaus sib tua, Commander of 2 Western pab tub rog P. I. Bagration twb fatally raug mob. Tom qab hais tias, cov Fabkis twb tau mus ntes flushes.

Cov tib brutal sib ntaus sib tua yog rau lub roj teeb Rajewski, uas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab txoj hauj lwm. Thaum lub sij hawm cov ntshav sib ntaus sib tua uas tua txhiab tus tub rog rau ob sab, Lavxias teb sab tub rog tsom lawv indomitable yuav yeej. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov Fabkis twb tau mus ntes tus strengthening ntawm lub Russians nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab nyob rau sab laug flank, Napoleon flinch los ntawm tej kev txiav txim mus tua rau tus tuag thiab tus yeeb ncuab retreated rau lawv qub.

Lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino yog suav tias yog lub bloodiest nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm ib hnub battles. Nws tua 45 txhiab Lavxias teb sab thiab hais txog 40 txhiab Frenchmen. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ob tog tau poob tsis tau tsuas yog cov tub rog tab sis kuj khiav dej num. Nyob rau hauv no sib ntaus sib tua tua 23 Lavxias teb sab thiab 49 Fabkis generals, uas zoo heev tsis muaj zog txaus lub invincible pab tub rog ua ntej Napoleon.

Tus nqi ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino

Lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino - ib qho ntawm lub bloodiest nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Nws twb heev meej piav nyob rau hauv lub tshiab Leo Tolstoy "ua tsov ua rog thiab kev sib haum xeeb". Lub txim ntawm no sib ntaus sib tua yog Napoleon dim. Nws tsuas tsis tshuav lub ntes Moscow tab sis kuj poob nws pab tub rog ntawm ntau txhiab thiab Fabkis.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej

Nyob rau hauv 1837, Lavxias teb sab huab tais Nicholas kuv yuav nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm nws tus tub Alexander qhia tawm rau ntawm lub qub txeeg qub tes nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Borodino. Ib qho tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv khaws cia rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov heroes ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yog qhib ntawm lub yim hli ntuj 26, 1839 lub monument rau Lavxias teb sab tub rog, uas yog nyob rau ntawm lub roj teeb Rajewski thiab reburial ntawm lub ashes Bagrationa P. I. nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no cov tsev khaws puav pheej yog founded, nplooj siab rau ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj battles nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. General soj ntsuam teb yuav tau ua uas muaj barrow, uas yog nyob sab nraum lub zos Slides. Nyob rau nws nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm sib ntaus sib tua yog ib qho kev soj ncej M. I. Kutuzova. Raws li ib tug laus lus dab neeg, thaum pib ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Commander nyob rau hauv Chief ya dav dawb hau, nws kwv yees yeej ntawm Lavxias teb sab. Nws yog qhov no noog twb pooping rau lub obelisk, nyob rau hauv no pov toj.

Nyob rau hauv 1912, lub 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub battlefield monument yog tsim los pab 33 sib txawv kev sib cais, regiments, corps, lawv tuam txhab uas muag thiab roj teeb. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov nyob rau txawv tsuas mounds ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm ntws thiab qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm ravines. Feem ntau ntawm cov monuments tau ua los ntawm cov nyiaj pub dawb ntawm tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub rog ua hauj lwm hauv cov tub rog, tau txais lub title tiv thaiv ntawm Borodino units.

monuments Borodino

Cov neeg muas zaub Borodino teb muaj sij hawm los saib ib zaug ntxiv 50 fine monuments, ob qho tib si koj commanders thiab yooj yim Lavxias teb sab tub rog. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog yuam kom tau zoo siab rau ntawm peb pog koob yawg koob, kev qhuab qhia ib tug paub txog patriotism nyob rau hauv txhua tus tib neeg. Lub ntsiab monuments ntawm lub Borodino teb:

• Obelisk Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzovu, tsim los ntawm tus naas ej vajtse Vorontsov-Velyaminovym.

• Bagration flushes.

• kuj tuag Fabkis cov tub rog.

• Cov roj teeb Rajewski.

• Lavxias teb sab tub rog.

• Utitsky Kurgan (Hill vaj).

• 7 infantry Division.

• Nezhin Dragoon tso kom muaj kab muaj kev.

• Tsiaj qus Nees Artillery.

• 2 Cuirassier division.

• Volyn tso kom muaj kab muaj kev.

• Qhov ntxa ntawm General Bagration.

• Lithuanian tso kom muaj kab muaj kev.

• Shevardino redoubt.

• 3 infantry Division of General PP Konovnitsyn

• «Qhov siab Roubaud."

• 24 tus tub rog Division.

• Moscow thiab Smolensk pab tub rog.

• Finland tso kom muaj kab muaj kev.

• 3 cavalry Corps thiab 1 Nees Roj teeb.

• 12 tus tub rog Division.

• 2 roj teeb Nees Artillery Brigade tus tauj ncov loj Raalya FF

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj uas txuas lub zos ntawm Borodino mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej, nws stands rau ib tug pedestal T-34 tank. Qhov no monument yog nplooj siab mus rau cov tub rog 5 Cov tub rog tiv thaiv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1941. Commemorative paib tiv npe cim DOT Mozhaisk fortified cheeb tsam, ua nyob rau hauv 1941.

pawg graves

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub monuments thiab obelisks, ib co nyob rau ntawm lub zeem cia loj graves nyob rau hauv uas pw Lavxias teb sab thiab Fabkis cov tub rog uas tuag nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm tus sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino. Tom ntej no mus cov monument Bakhmetev division yog faus Lavxias teb sab tub ceev xwm uas tau muab lawv lub neej nyob rau hauv uas sib ntaus sib tua. Cov tsev khaws puav pheej-zeem cia muaj pawg ntxa ntawm cov tub rog tua nyob rau hauv Utitskom hav zoov. Lub memorial kos npe rau ntawm nws twb tsa nyob rau hauv 1962. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau qhov chaw uas tsis muaj tsev nyob flushes Bagration, qhov seem ntawm cov tub rog los ntawm ob pab tub rog nyob sab. Tom qab lub ceremonial reburial twb qhib qhov ntxa ntawm cov peeb zeej Unknown. Nyob rau hauv 1912, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg muaj ib qho chaw ntawm Napoleon hais kom ua, nws twb muab tso rau xwb Monument rau cov poob Fabkis. Nyob rau nws yog ib qho inscription: "Tuag ib tug zoo kawg cov tub rog."

muaj tseem yog lub burial ntawm Soviet cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub teb 1941-1942, GG, uas yog zoo tom ntej no mus rau lwm cov nco cim, tsim nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus heroes ntawm lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Borodino chaw nres tsheb yog ib qho ntxa ntawm Soviet cov tub rog 5 Army.

Tub rog Keeb kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej

Borodino teb, uas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub tub rog Keeb kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej, attracts pua pua ntawm cov tourists txhua txhua hnub. Lub ntsiab lub tsev ua tau nyob rau hauv 1912, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm rau lub 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no battles nto moo, tig tom tsim nyob rau hauv 1812 Nws yog ib tug nplua nuj exposition featuring xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv uas nto moo warriors yuav ua li cas sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino.

Architectural thiab memorial complex

Ntawm qhov chaw twg ib zaug yog ib tug ntawm cov flushes Bagration, niaj hnub no sawv ib tug zoo nkauj architectural thiab memorial complex. Nws muaj xws li:

• Cawm Seej Borodino Convent, uas nws siv tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 1830-1870 gg

• Lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej.

• Kolotsky monastery, uas yog lub tsev hauv paus ntawm Kutuzova M. I.

• Lub Koom Txoos ntawm lub Nativity, yos rov qab mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XVII caug xyoo.

Cawm Seej Borodino Convent nrhiav Margarita Mihaylovna Tuchkova nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw uas nws tus txiv tuag - General AA Tuchkov. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev ib tug me me exhibition twb teem nyob rau hauv 1994, kev pab nyob rau hauv 3 chav. Nws qhia txog lub neej ntawm no nto moo ob peb lub thiab lub keeb kwm ntawm lub founding ntawm lub monastery. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab chav tsev yog ib tug memorial rau General Tuchkov.

Niaj hnub nimno lub neej-cua tsev cia puav pheej

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XXI Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve hais nws cov neeg tuaj saib ib tug tshiab exhibition muaj cai "Borodino - sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Giants." Nws yog nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev sib tam los ntawm lub roj teeb Rajewski. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub exhibition yog tus thawj yam khoom uas yog txuam nrog rau cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino. Nws muaj xws li: banners thiab cov qauv; riam phom; khaub ncaws tub rog ob pab tub rog; khoom plig; cov ntaub ntawv; phaib; tej khoom. Ntawm no yog tshaaj thiab tshawb pom los ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua. Co muaj tawg tsam ntawm grenades, cannon khoom, cia nyias qhov. Lub exhibition muaj xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab uas yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg koom thiab contemporaries ntawm cov ancient cov txheej xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd qhia themed paintings XIX-XX centuries.

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Borodino teb muaj ib tug kev sib hais haum, "Doronin," uas yog ib qho kev sib tham sib tsev cia puav pheej ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov neeg pluag lub neej. Nws lub ntsiab feature yog tias tag nrho cov vaj tse, tej khoom, tej yam, thiab sab hauv cov ntsiab lus - qhov tiag.

lwm yam tsev cia puav pheej

Ib qho ntawm feem nrov txhais Vajluskub ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej-cia - "Tsov rog Gallery." Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub thaj chaw ntawm lub refectory ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm lub Borodino Convent. Lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino yog heev ambitious, ces tus exhibition nta ntau tshaj 70 portraits ntawm tub ceev xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib tug ntau ntawm nto moo thiab tsawg-paub generals. Ntau tshaj ib feem peb ntawm cov commanders nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua tau raug mob los yog contusion. Lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino heev ho muaj feem xyuam rau qhov sib txawv layouts thiab stands.

Orthodox Success thiab txua dua ntawm battles

Borodino teb nyob rau hauv 2005 yog lub venue rau lub International hluas Success "Cov kwv tij". Muaj ntau patriotic clubs muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv reconstructions uas recreate lub sib ntaus sib tua ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812 thiab 1941 Txhua txhua xyoo ib tug zuj zus xov tooj ntawm txawv cov koom haum muaj kev koom tes nrog rau hauv lawv. Tej yam txaus siab muab niaj hnub neeg lub sij hawm los saib ntawm lub keeb kwm cov txheej xwm ntawm nws teb koj chaw ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm tus neeg uas tau koom tes nyob rau hauv lawv. Qhov no rapprochement nrog yav dhau los tso cai rau koj mus tag nrho muaj cov keeb kwm thiab laaj ntawm tiam. Cov tswv cuab ntawm cov tub rog keeb kwm pawg koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev kawm cov kev pab cuam, demonstrations, tua ib tug documentary.

Yuav ua li cas mus txog lub tsev khaws puav pheej

Muaj ntau xav mus xyuas lub Borodino teb. Yuav ua li cas mus rau nws los ntawm Moscow? Ua ntej lub tsev khaws puav pheej-zeem cia yog tsis yooj yim mus cuag. Nws yuav mus txog:

• Los ntawm lub tsheb, mus txog rau 102 km ntawm lub Minsk txoj kev loj. Ces koj yuav tau lem mus sab xis nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Mozhaisk. Los ntawm nws lub pointer mus rau lub zos ntawm Borodino yuav tsum dhau xwb 12 km.

• caij lub tsheb npav rau long-deb txoj kev №457 «Moscow Mozhaisk." Zaum rau nws, koj muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov chaw tos tsheb ntawm lub xov chaw nres tsheb "Yeej Park". Cov nram qab no yog mus rau lub stop "Borodino".

• Los ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau koj yuav tau txais los ntawm Belorussky railway rau Borodino chaw nres tsheb, thiab ces taug kev koj yuav tsum mus kev txog 3 km mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm nws tus kheej. Mus ncig teb chaws sij hawm yog hais txog 3 teev.

Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve yuav siv sij hawm ob pab pawg neeg tours thiab leisure mus ncig tebchaws. Cov tsev khaws puav pheej cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav pab nrog xaiv ntawm ib tug txoj kev los ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub Borodino teb, architectural thiab memorial complex. Lawv sib tham txog tag nrho cov sij hawm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov loj tshaj battles nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Borodino yog ib tug Cafe "Mozhayskoe ranch" nyob qhov twg tourists yuav tau so thiab phem xwb.