Boris Babochkin: biography thiab Filmography

Raws li Oleg Yefremov, Stanislavski tsim nws tsis txawj tuag system nrog cov neeg zoo li Boris Babochkin. Biography ntawm tus actor, uas tau yug los nyob rau hauv 1904 zoo li ib tug phua Chapayeva lub luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv 1934, nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw: "ua ntej" thiab "tom qab".

yau xyoo

Yug Boris Andreevich Babochkin nyob rau hauv Saratov 18.01.1904, nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm cov railway. tus me nyuam tub niam yog ib tug kws qhia ntawv nyob lub zos tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais nws kev kawm ntawv. Zoo li tag nrho cov phooj ywg nyob rau hauv 13 lub xyoos los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Komsomol Boris. Thiab nyob rau hauv 15 xyoo kuv tau ncaim mus rau hauv adulthood - hu ua lub Eastern Pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Civil War, qhov uas nws tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv department ntawm 4 Army.

Txawm li cas los, ib tug tub hluas ntau tshaj cov kev pab cuam, attracted ua yeeb yam. Nws ntse dhau xeem nyob rau hauv lub Saratov ua yeeb yam hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nyeem ib nqe vaj lug kub los ntawm cov paj huam "Fairy" Maksima Gorkogo. Cov tub hluas ntxhais txiv neej tam sim ntawd coj tus senior kev kawm. Thiab lub taub hau ntawm Aleksandr Kanin studio xam tau tias yog nws lub peev xwm rau ib lub hli, xa Boris rau Moscow nrog ib tsab ntawv ntawm cov kev taw qhia rau Nemirovich-Danchenko.

ua ib tug actor

Nyob rau hauv Moscow, tus txiv leej tub mus, tab sis ho tsis siv patronage. Tiam sis, nws nkag mus hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ua yeeb yam hauv tsev kawm ntawv "Cov Tswv" by Hilarion Pevtsova thiab studio Mihaila Chehova. Nws yog tus xub thawj, raws li cov actor, nws tau muab ib tug zoo lub hauv paus ntawm nws ua yeeb yam tsim. Thiab Hilarion Pevtsova Boris Andreyevich ntshai raws li nws tus kws qhia ntawv. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 6 xyoo (txij li thaum 1921) Boris Babochkin lawv lub luag hauj lwm (thiab muaj ntau tshaj li 200) ua si nyob rau hauv theaters Voronezh, Kostroma, Mogilev, Samarkand. Qhov no lub sij hawm nws hu ua kab.

Kom loj hlob tau tuaj txij li thaum 1927, thaum lub actor ua si nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad Theatre ntawm satire. Hauv, nws yog twb multifaceted creativity ntawm cov neeg uas twb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm rau lub xub pwg. Babochkin ua si, qhia, ua nyob rau hauv films, qhia thiab sau cov khoom rau theatrical khoom.

Nyob rau hauv lub paaj rau lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv 1927 yuav Boris Babochkin. Tej lub neej-niam actor tsis zoo li ib qho kev muaj ntau yam unknowns. Tag nrho Rares, thaum nws poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog ib tug neeg seev cev Katya, uas tsis ntev los ua ib tug npauj npaim. Ces lawv muaj ib tug ntxhais Tatyana. Babochkin tsev neeg yog me me, tab sis tus phooj ywg. Qhov ob peb hlub txhua lwm yam, tus ntxhais menyuam thiab hwm lawv.

Adaptation rau cov xinesmas

Txij li thaum 1931, ua si nyob rau hauv lub Pushkin Drama Theatre (ces hu ua tus neeg lub tsev Drama Theatre), Boris Babochkin nyob rau hauv ua yeeb yam thiab zaj duab xis tau ua txawm ntau visibility. Raws li muaj leej twg paub los ntawm lub critics, lawv ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Sysoev los ntawm cov kev ua si "Thawj nees" Vishnevsky aroused admiration. Nws pom cov neeg tuaj saib ib tug noble fighter, ib tug ntxeev siab thiab patriot, nrog rau cov Fatherland thiab revolutionary. Tsev ua yeeb yam critics twb unanimous: qhov zoo tshaj plaws actor Petersburg yog npaj txhij mus ua si ib tug tiag tiag loj-scale epic lub luag hauj lwm.

Ua ntej lub ntsiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws lub neej ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm lub actor poob tawm yog hais tias tus yuav muaj hmoo, raws li yog hais npaj rau nws vim nws yav tom ntej lub luag hauj lwm tiag.

Hard szhivaetsya theem actor nrog cov specifics ntawm tus yeeb yam. Tus thawj rau nws yog ib txoj kev ntawm Karavayeva battalion commander nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis "Mutiny." Thawj coj ntawm lub zaj duab xis sim kom tsis txhob yuam stringent algorithm Babochkin muaj tswv yim qhia. Nws ntxeev siab, tsis ntseeg ib tug xinesmas. Tab sis nws tom ntej no ua hauj lwm - lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Makar Bobryk (cov zaj duab xis "Thawj tub cheev xwm" qhia Sablina-Korsch) pom tias ib theem actor twb tau mus tiv nrog kinospetsifikoy tsaug thiab systematically pom cov duab ntawm cov ua cim.

Kev directors Vasilyev ua si nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis "Chapaev"

Nto moo thoob plaws lub teb chaws no actor ua tus duab Chapaeva. Txawm li cas los, muaj ib tug tag nrho cov saw ntawm coincidences uas coj mus rau lub fact tias cov actor Babochkin Boris Andreevich tau txais lub luag hauj lwm yog tseem tsis tau legendary division commander.

Qhov no daim kab xev tsim nyog tshwj xeeb luv luv saib. Me paub, tias lub creators ntawm tus yeeb yam tsab ntawv "Chapaev", directors Vasilyev, tsis tooj mus rau nrov kev ntseeg, cov kwv tij yog tsis - lawv yog cov cia li namesakes. Ib tug ntawm lawv, Georgiya Vasileva, tus tuav ntawm cov zaj duab xis, uas tau ua ib tug classic, yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub scene dawb khwb psychic nres, nws mus taug kev nrog ib pawg, haus luam yeeb ib tug luam yeeb. Peb kuj pom cov poj niam ntawm lub thib ob tus thawj coj. Sergeya Vasileva actress tus poj niam Barbara Myasnikov ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Anakie-tshuab-gunner.

Kam siv Babochkin Chapayeva

Chiv Boris Babochkin npaum li cas nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm orderly Vasily Ivanovich - Petka. Nyob rau Chapayeva lub luag hauj lwm coj ib tug txawv kiag li actor - Nikolai Batalov, tab sis nws aggravated thaum lub sij hawm lub taij ntawm tuberculosis.

Boris A. thaum lub sij hawm muaj ib tug impressive creativity. Tag nrho nws yav tas los yeeb yam hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv essence, lub zog rau pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txuj ci. Babochkin zoo tag nrho nws muaj peev xwm mus thawj thiab. Nws admirers yog nce admired mlom. Nws ciali mus xav nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv blurring rau ib thaj tsam ntawm creativity.

Lub screenplay ntawm lub division commander ntawm lub actor kov rau tus tub ntxhais, vim hais tias ntawm nws cov tus kheej lub neej yog xws li hais tias Boris nws tus kheej Babochkin nyob rau hauv lub Civil War tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv tib pab tub rog nrog nws hero: cov nom tswv tub ceev xwm tau txais kev pab tom ntej no mus rau lub 25 cavalry Division. Ntxiv mus, cov nom tswv tus xibfwb qhia Babochkin rau nws kev pab tham rau managers: lub commander ntawm cov tub rog Avksentiev, Chief ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm Makarov paub tus kheej tag nrho cov division commanders ntawm cov tub rog ... tsuas yog Chapaev. Vasily Ivanovich, ironically, twb tsis paub, thiab nws twb yeej tsis tau pom dua.

Boris Babochkin paub tus kheej txog lub subtleties ntawm lub neej thiab kev pab cuam ibyam. Nws, nws tus kheej ib txog tej trooper yuav prance rau nees, nrog cov tub rog nqaij hnav ib yam ntawm cavalry coj qhws nws cap kom nws nyob rau hauv ib txhia to taub tsis tau txoj kev, los ntawm koj tus kheej impressions sawv cev lus thiab cwj pwm konarmeytsev.

Qhov no muab nws lub sij hawm kom paub lub tsab ntawv ntawm cov zaj duab xis tsis raws li ib tug heroic tswvyim hais ua dabneeg, thiab animation, mus nrhiav tau cov neeg tej yam yees siv xov cov paths-paths uas ua rau lub plawv ntawm tus tuav.

Los ntawm cov yaam - ib tug Divisional Commander

Tej zaum hais tias yog vim li cas, thaum xub thawj sim mus ua si rau nws tus kheej Petka, actor (uas nws corrosive lug txhawb cov miv hu ua rau lub peev xwm los nthuav lub luag hauj lwm ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws yam thiab meej xyuas txhua) yuav ua rau kev txom kev kho me ntsis rau cov duab ntawm ib yaam. Vasilyev sib cav nrog nws kom txog thaum lawv hoarse.

Cov rog twb tsis zoo tib ob tag nrho qhia tawm tsam ib tug tib actor. Boris Babochkin tsis pom zoo. Nws sawv nws av: ua si yuav tsum tau sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo li muaj tswv yim sib cav tswv yim, nws mam li nco dheev muab ib ncig dheev thiab ua twj ywm mus rau nws hnav khaub ncaws chav tsev.

Vasilyev ntsia ntawm txhua lwm yam thiab sighed, xav tias hais tsis sib haum yog yeej, tab sis nws muaj nws yog. Cov ob peb feeb tom qab, kuj poob nthav kuv tuaj restive actor, tab sis nyob rau hauv pleev Chapaev. Qhia tsuas gasped portrait thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws. Fascinated yas taw Babochkin-Chapaeva, nws sab ntsuj plig. Tus actor hais ib ob peb impromptu nqe lus - nws yog ntau tshaj convincing.

Luv luv rau qhov tseem ceeb kinoraboty Babochkin nyob rau hauv "Chapaev"

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Petka tam sim ntawd dhau Gudkin actor Yakhauj, tus uas tau raug tom qab hloov Leonidom Kmitom. Tom qab ntawd, raws li cov thawj coj, "card mus txig."

Nws nkawd hais tias qhov no yog koj thawj kauj ruam mus rau Chapayev - lam ua daim ntawv thov ntawm make-up thiab tam sim ntawd thawj nyob rau hauv lub Divisional Commander - mus kiag rau hauv mus ib txhis Babochkin Boris. Tus actor yog thaum xub thawj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Vasily tag nrho zaj duab xis. Ces qhov no luag hauj lwm yog tshuav ib tug cim rau ntawm nws lub neej. Thiab nyob rau hauv kawg - nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tag nrho ntawm lub Soviet xinesmas.

Nyob rau merger thiab personalities Chapayeva Babochkin

Cov duab division commander txiav txim lub scale ntawm transformation thiab muaj tswv yim kev mob siab ntawm cov actor.

Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Chapaeva nws pom ib lub sij hawm mus pov punches ntsiag to cine zaj duab xis, qhov chaw uas lub actor yog ib tug puppet ntawm tus thawj coj, qhov twg cov sab nraud credibility raug nyiam actor tus creativity.

Tshwm sim yog ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm creativity: lub duab Chapaeva revived, kov tsheej lab ntawm lub siab lub ntsws, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus uas yog nqus mus rau nws Babochkin. Yuav tam sim no lub npe hu ua lub Divisional Commander, yog hais tias tsis qhov kev ua si ntawm lub actor? Xav suab rau ob daim di ncauj ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib Babochkin lub npe, yog hais tias tsis, Vasily Ivanovich?

Txoj hmoo ntawm ob tug txiv neej yog inextricably merged. Ingenious transformation ntawm Miracle Worker. Epic lus dab neeg tsim tus poj Lavxias teb sab actor Boris Babochkin. Diam duab ntawm lub actor nyob rau hauv pleev Chapayeva txawm yav tas los mej zeej ntawm lub 25 cavalry Division, tus kheej me ntsis txog cov Vasily Ivanovich, hu ua tib yam rau cov thawj.

Muab tag nrho cov kev ua si rau lub hwj chim ntawm cov kos duab: actor paub nws cov neeg tuaj saib txog zaj dab neeg yog tsis ua saib tsis taus kev ua siab loj thiab lub yeeb koob, ua ib lub neej tus neeg, muaj tseeb tiag, Vajtswv tau muab rau tej txuj ci - yuav tsum tau lub commander. CHapaev Babochkin, Divisional, tsa los ntawm zoo tib yam nyob qib, tej zaum ntxhab fearless paub qab hau. Tej zaum nws yog humanly tsis ncaj ncees lawm

Tab sis nws tag nrho - kom meej meej subordinate commanders tej kev qaug zog. Thiab lawv zam txim rau nws mus nws, raws li tau hais tias yuav zam txim rau kuv tus kheej txiv. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv paub hais tias lawv Chapayev yeej tsis ntxeev siab rau, tsis txhob tawm hauv lub battlefield. Lawv ntseeg hais tias nws yog ib lub ci ntsa iab tactics, instinctively to taub lub specifics ntawm ib tug cavalry sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv yog cov, yog tias tsim nyog, tsis txhob yig mus kaw nws nrog nws lub cev los ntawm ib tug loj leeb mos txwv li Chapaev thiab npaj txhij mus tuag rau lawv.

Tag nrho cov no yog tau coj mus rau lawv tus cwj pwm Babochkin.

Tej yam uas lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Chapaev muaj tswv yim lub neej ntawm lub actor Babochkin

Tus zaj duab xis "Chapayev" nkag mus rau hauv tus thawj puas ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus zoo tshaj plaws zaj duab xis ua hauj lwm. Thaum Marshal Voroshilov Boris Andreyevich kev ua si nws ua li ib tug hneev taw uas nws tau muab cov actor hauv ib chav tsev nyob rau hauv Moscow. Boris Babochkin tus ntxhais txiav ntaqwm ib tug lossis loj lub teb chaws txoj kev hlub, uas yog splashed rau nws tus txiv. Actor yeej tsim ib tug tiag tiag masterpiece. Plaub caug xyoo tom qab, ib tug ci ntsa iab thawj coj Tarkovsky hu ua Babochkin-Chapaeva "spectacular pob zeb diamond, nyob rau hauv uas txhua lub ntsej muag contrasts nrog cov uas nyob ib sab, txoj kev ua ib tug monolithic things."

Tsaug rau no zaj duab xis ua hauj lwm Babochkin ua nyob rau hauv 1935 tus yau neeg Artist ntawm Russia.

"Chapaev" muab lub actor ib yam ntawm cov indulgence: nws ncaj thiab qhib tus neeg, leej twg yuav tsis hloov thiab hais lus feem ntau tsis kaj siab yam, tsis txhob kov cov NKVD. Thaum npaum li cas depended rau ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub General, thiab nws twb tau muab. Khib, uas tsis muaj Boris Andreyevich yeej tsis tau mus tom nws tus nplaig ...

Boris Babochkin nyob rau hauv ua yeeb yam thiab xinesmas tom qab "Chapaev"

Thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, lub actor cia ib tug ntau. Lub rau hli ntuj 22, 1941, nws yog nyob rau hauv Riga rau hauv lub taij ntawm "tuag voj", qhia txog tus tsav S. Utochkin. Nws cov neeg hlub. Actor lawv kinoobraz xav kom cov neeg los kom tiv thaiv cov Nazis, nws to taub nws, ua hauj lwm fanatically, 16 teev ib hnub twg. Muaj ntau loj zaj duab xis cwj pwm ua si los ntawm Boris Babochkin, nws Filmography nyob rau hauv tsov rog lub sij hawm yog mob siab heev: "Invincible", "Pem hauv ntej", "Lub kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Tsaritsyn", "Leej niam ntawm lub teb." Qhov kawg ntawm cov films yog thawj ua hauj lwm ntawm nws raws li ib tug zaj duab xis director.

Txawm li cas los, Yog hais tias filmmaking Babochkin muaj zoo xyuas, nws theatrical tej hauj lwm tau tuaj nyob rau hauv nres. Kuv ntxub nws rau hmoov, rau txuj ci. Tab sis, yog hais tias muaj lub siab khib zaj duab xis "Chapayev" yog ib tug untouchable dawb ceev nyuj, nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug yeeb yam thawj coj Grandma, lawv tau ntsib nrog ceg. Kev txiav txim siab tau ua nyob rau hauv pub leejtwg, Arts Council, burdened los ntawm ideological dogma thiab cov qauv. Qhov teeb meem no yog paradoxical: lub Leningrad cov neeg tuaj saib enthusiastically ntaus nqi taug kev nrog muag-tawm ua yeeb yam ntawm "King Potap", "Kuban", "Hma", "Lub caij ntuj sov neeg" (Boris Babochkin - tus thawj coj), thiab tom qab ib hnub twg ntawm xovxwm faib rau lawv mus smithereens.

Los ntawm txoj kev, cov kev ua si "King Potap" Boris Andreyevich xam tau tias yog nws zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm. Nws yuav tsis sawv ntsug tias ib tug neeg ib lub koom haum kev tsim txom thiab kev sau ntawv ib tsab ntawv ntawm resignation, tsiv los ntawm Leningrad rau Moscow. Ces cov kauj ruam no nws yuav hu mus rau lub loj tshaj yuam kev ntawm nws lub neej. Nws lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub Neva yog ntau congenial.

Kev cuab tus thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub tsev ua yeeb yam. Pushkin

Leningrad nyob rau hauv lawv cov mentality, Babochkin hloov ib tug ntau ntawm cov Moscow theaters. Nws xub ua si nyob rau hauv tus thawj Moscow Art ua yeeb yam, ces - nyob rau hauv lub Vakhtangov Theatre. Los ntawm 1949 mus 1951, Boris A. yog ib tug actor thiab cov thawj coj ntawm lub Moscow Art Theatre, Moscow Drama ua yeeb yam. Pushkin. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau fruitful.

Babochkin staged, uas tau coj tag nrho tsev, - "Ntxoov ntxoo" (raws li nyob rau hauv Saltykov-Shchedrin). Leningrad rov qhov teeb meem no. Nyob rau nws, tus thawj coj, sprinkle nrog caustic, tibneeg tshaj plaws li, humiliating thuam. No kawm tau zoo, rau txuj ci. Nyob rau hauv Babochkin ces nws muaj nws tus thawj lub plawv nres, nws coj mus nws lub txaj ntawm lub tsev kho mob. Ces rau peb xyoo nws twb mus yuav poob hauj lwm. Tus actor paub yuav ua li cas rau yus txoj kev xov puppets critics, tab sis twb yuam kom nug rau ib lub sij hawm nrog lub Minister ntawm Culture Furtsevoy ... Tsis ntev, nws tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Maly Theatre.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau Moscow Art Theatre

Thiab ntawm no qhov teeb meem no yog pheej rov qab ua: babochkinsky ua si "Ivanov" yog yuav mus rau ib tug tag nrho lub tsev, thiab lub murderous thuam (piv hais lus) dua nws nrog nws cov hniav. "Yuam kev" Babochkin yog ideological: nws yeej ib txwm muab tso rau txiv neej saum toj no ideology, txoj kev xav ntawm loyalty, conscience ntawm lub tog uas yuav tsum tau. Thiab tsis tau nws tab hu ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub ua yeeb yam Tsarev Yudas rau liam rau tus ntse tus thawj coj Meyerhold, uas tau los ua tus vim li cas rau lub ntes cov ntse heev. Nyom Boris A. ntawd yog dab tsi.

Tom qab khib tshaj tawm rezhessiruemy lawv ua si "Les" yam tsis tau xav, Boris Babochkin yuav tsis sawv qhov humiliation thiab resigned los ntawm lub Maly Theatre.

Nws tshuav qhia nyob rau hauv VGIK. Nws cov thwj tim, nyob rau hauv particular actress Natalia Bogunova, nrog admiration txog unspent creativity Babochkin. Raws li nws, nws yuav "tuav lub" tag nrho lub tuam txhab.

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug xaus

Babochkin qhia ntawv rau hauv VGIK, kuv mam li nco dheev pom hais dab tsi qhov teeb meem ntawm lub Soviet ua yeeb yam: ib tug txav deb ntawm classic, mus rau lub hloov ntawm qhov txhia formalism. Nws mob mob emasculation tib neeg, kuj, kos duab pib nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm.

Boris Andreyevich mam li nco dheev enveloped lub siab xav mus muab "Lub Seagull" Chekhov tus immortal. Nws sau nws lub cim tus thawj coj tsab ntawv. 17/07/1975 Babochkin ntawm nws lub tsheb tuaj mus rau lub Maly ua yeeb yam, coj los rau hauv lub tsev, mus txog ib qho kev pom zoo nrog Igorem Ilinskim, ces nws ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Sorin. Nyob rau txoj kev rov qab, nws mam li nco dheev los ua mob. Lub plawv. Nws nres lub tsheb. Kuv pib nrhiav rau ib ntsiav tshuaj. Lawv tsis muaj rau ntawm txhais tes ...