Italian Mosaic - Florentine "painting nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb"

Mosaic - kos duab decorating cov rooj tog thiab architectural ntsiab hauv thiab sab nraum lub tsev los ntawm txoj kev cais cov ntsiab ntawm cov xwm sib txawv, loj thiab cov duab, lub npe hu rau ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm. Muaj ob peb hom, feem ntau xa mus rau raws li lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw ntawm keeb kwm. Paub Roman, Byzantine, qub Fabkis txoj mosaic. Florence yog tsis tsuas cov kev qhov chaw ntawm keeb kwm ntawm no kos duab, tab sis kuj hauj nta.

zaj dabneeg

Tus thawj mosaic qauv siv tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb hnub rov qab mus rau lub thib tsib caug xyoo BC. Hniav pob zeb zoo, nws durability, muaj peev xwm tswj tau tus thawj tsos rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yog ib txwm attracted neeg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov hniav zoo ntawm cov khoom no qhia ib tug mosaic. Florentine "painting nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb" - ib tug ntawm lub siab dua theem ntawm xws kos duab. Qhov no txoj kev ntawm kho kom zoo nkauj sawv, feem ntau yuav nyob rau hauv lub Middle East ntawm lub lem ntawm peb era, tab sis lub npe nws tau txais sawv cev ntawm tus naas ej Tuscan lub zos.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XVI nyob rau hauv Florence, tsim ob peb pob zeb-txiav studios, uas ua hauj lwm masters caw los ntawm Milan. Cov kev cob qhia tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov auspices ntawm tus naas ej Medici tsev neeg xeem, uas kav ces nyob rau hauv Florence. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub richest tsev neeg tau ntev sau qhov zoo tshaj plaws piv txwv ntawm ancient kos duab thiab technology ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub sab hauv ntawm lub semi-precious pob zeb pob zeb nyias paib sawv kev lom zem ntau los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau restoration thiab txua dua ntawm lub koj cov piv txwv ntawm muaj ntaub ntawv kos duab rau ntawm ancient Greece thiab Rome.

Commesso

Cov kos duab tsim paintings, pob zeb, sawv nyob rau hauv tus menyuam txaj hauv lub Renaissance, nyob rau hauv Italian hu ua commesso - "consolidation". Nws yuav ib tug tshwj xeeb leej hloov ntawm qhov chaw, ntawm uas mosaic yog ua. Florentine daim duab ua ke los ntawm nyias pob zeb daim hlau yog li ntawd lub ntsiab tsis tau pom ntawm qhov leeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub pob zeb phaj yog xaiv rau lub hauv paus tsis tsuas yog ntawm txoj cai xim, tab sis kuj noj mus rau hauv tus account lub ntuj kev ntxhib los mos. Piv txwv li, rau nplooj ntoo cov ntaub ntawv uas yog xaiv los simulate tsis tau tsuas yog cov ntsuab xim, tab sis kuj muaj ib tug haum cov qauv ntawm cov zoo streaks, ntawv dabtsi yog khoov, thiab lwm yam, tsim nyog rau lub plaub duab mus rau coincide kev taw qhia "muaj plaub", thiab lwm yam

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, pietra Dura (lus "nyuaj pob zeb") - lwm lub npe ntawm no kos duab, zoo li intarsia - inlay ntawm txawv zoov. Ib co ntawm cov dluab ntawm cov ntoo veneer - kuj yog ib tug mosaic. Florentine inlay ntawm semi-precious pob zeb lawm ntau npaum li cas lub sij hawm siv thiab yuav luag unlimited durability thaum lub sij hawm kom tau cov kev tshwm sim.

Txheej txheem Technology li Art

Ntawm cov ntau tourists uas tuaj mus rau Florence, ib tug loj loj nrov excursions xws li mus ntsib tus naas ej cob qhia qhov chaw uas tus zus tau tej cov Florentine mosaic. 200 € ib pab pawg neeg, koj yuav tau tus kheej saib yuav ua li cas yug los rau hauv lub yeej muaj tseeb masterpieces ntawm cov hniav art.

Thaum zoo li no ua hauj lwm yog ua li cas nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm tseem seev thiab pab kiag li lawm siv los ntawm lub masters ntawm lub XVI caug xyoo, thiab thaum muaj ib qhov no mosaic. Photo masters mosaicists ntawm kev ua hauj lwm qhov chaw ua rau luag qhuas heev heev mus txawv tebchaws tuam txhab uas muag thiab mus ncig teb chaws ceeb toom ntawm tourists los ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav qhuas lub paintings ntawm lub pob zeb, ua los ntawm masters ntawm yav dhau los, uas dai kom zoo nkauj ntau lub koom txoos thiab palaces ntawm Florence, xws li lub npe nrov Medici Chapels.

Xim pob zeb painting

Cov palette, uas yog siv los ntawm kev ntxias los ua ib tug masterpiece ntawm lub Florentine mosaic ntawm cov xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos nta tsis inferior mus rau hais tias muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj painters:

1. Lapis - yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntxoov xiav nrog dawb taum thiab sparkling muaju ntawm golden pyrite.
2. Malachite - alternating bands ntawm ilv thiab mob siab heev ntsuab.
3. Marble - spectacular streaks ntawm txawv ntxoov daj, xim av, liab thiab ntsuab.
4. Semi-precious pob zeb: agate, jasper, onyx, porphyry - yog ib tug lossis loj ntau yam ntawm txaij, yeej, ntshiab thiab zim zuag textures xim nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm sov thiab txias xim, tuab los yog muaj lub cim ntawm kev hloov maj mam nuances.

Nrog rau cov xim thiab tsim tseeb Florentine mosaic. Duab yuav tsis qhia nws yeej muaj tseeb zoo nkauj, vim hais tias cov duab muaj kis tau tus mob tob, uas yog qhia los ntawm polishing lub pob zeb, cov kev ua si ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv me me siv lead ua inclusions. Ntawm cov poetically-minded ntxias uas tau mus txog lub peaks ntawm kev txawj nyob rau hauv no nyuaj khoom siv tes ua, Yog cov ntseeg hais tias thaum lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv nws compositions cim qauv uas tsim los ntawm cov xwm, nws yuav muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tsim los ntawm Vajtswv lub siab nyiam.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws ua li cas?

Tsim ib tug me me hniav insert nyob rau hauv ib tug me me thawv los yog loj loj zoo nkauj vaj huam sib luag pib nrog ib tug tag nrho-xim full-size Xais. Big muaj pes tsawg leeg rau yooj yim yog muab faib mus rau hauv me me thaj av. Daim duab los yog txiav nrog kab mus rau hauv ib tug neeg hais, los yog pauv mus rau lub pob zeb siv tau khij tom qab tus neeg mob nrhiav hla lub workpiece ib yam xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos. Contour yog ua li cas nrog rau cov tsim nyog mov rau cov kev ntawm cov pob qij txha.

Pob zeb phiaj 2-3 hli thickness - thawj zaug khoom los ntawm uas yog ua Florentine mosaic. billets khoom manually tsis hloov rau centuries. Cov phaj coated nrog lub contour clamped nyob rau hauv ib tug ruaj, thiab qhov tseeb yog ib feem yog nws kaw nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb kaw. Nws zoo li ib tug taut nyo hau ua los ntawm tsob ntoo ceg (feem ntau yog xim av los yog lws suav) nrog ib tug nyias hlau hlau-bowstring. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tej lub pob zeb phaj lossi thov mus rau hlau zoo tshaj abrasive muab tshuaj txhuam (yav tas los nws tsuas yog ib tug sib tov dej thiab xuab zeb).

Raws li los ntawm ceev faj kom haum ntawm tus neeg qauv qhov chaw mus rau txhua lwm yam. Cov no tiav yog hais tias tus leeg yog tsis pom txawm mus rau lub teeb. Lub complexity ntawm no theem yuav xav txog tej yam saib cov mosaic, depicting, piv txwv li, nyias hmab tendrils. Lub tiav lawm muaj pes tsawg leeg yog txuas mus rau lub substrate (nyob rau hauv ib qho qhabnias txheej txheem - siv ntoo resins) thiab ua tib zoo polished.

nyob mus ib txhis kev zoo nkauj

Ncov muaj koob meej ntawm Italian mosaic hu nyob rau hauv XVII-XVIII centuries. Rooj tog, paintings thiab tag nrho cov phab ntsa dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, qhuas los ntawm nws ua kom zoo zoo thiab unfading kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg nyob rau cov teb chaws Europe. Masters ntawm Florentine mosaic nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, nrog rau cov nyob rau hauv Russia. Greatest masterpiece, tsim nrog inlays ntawm pob zeb, suav hais tias yuav tsum tau lub npe nrov Amber Room.

Niaj hnub no, rau qhov siv thiab ua cov "painting nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb" siv lub tshuab tseeb thiab advanced cov ntaub ntawv. Cov chaw uas feem ntau txiav nrog ib tug laser, computer tshuaj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub Florentine mosaic yog heev lub sij hawm siv thiab kim txheej txheem ntawm kho kom zoo nkauj. Creation ntawm masters ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov tsoos phau ntawv cov txheej txheem, muaj nuj nqis nyob rau theem ntawm cov tseem ntawm classical painting.