Aromatic hydrocarbons, lub ntsiab cov neeg sawv cev thiab lawv daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag.

Aromatic hydrocarbons (txwv tsis pub hu ua arenes) - biosoedineniya yog organic molecules uas muaj ib los yog ntau tshaj mus nrog rau atoms ntawm cov pa roj carbon. Benzene nplhaib, yus muaj los ntawm tshwj xeeb lub cev thiab tshuaj zog. Lub npe "Arena" twb muaj nyob rau hauv cov organic thiab Science News for KIDS nyob rau hauv lub lig 18th - thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo. Cov muaj cov tshuaj uas muaj ob tshuaj tebchaw - Hydrogen thiab cov pa roj carbon thiab muaj ib tug qab ntxiag tsw (resins, balsams, qhov tseem ceeb roj, xyab). Thaum lub sij hawm, lub npe "uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons" poob nws qhov tseem ceeb, vim aromatics tau ntsib cov lwm cov chav kawm ntawm cov organic tebchaw, thiab feem ntau uas muaj ntxhiab los yog muaj ib tug unpleasant tsw. Benzene twb cais rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo los ntawm cov thee roj. Ib me ntsis tom qab ntawd (1845) AF Hoffman allocates uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons (benzene) los ntawm thee ib. Niaj hnub no Arenes chav kawm ntawv (IUPAC kev faib) sib txuas ntxiv ntawm tebchaw raws li molecules uas muaj benzelnye tub ntxhais. Yog li ntawd hais tias xws li tebchaw yog sib cais mus rau hauv ib thiab multi-ntiv nplhaib, raws li zoo raws li lub uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons nrog condensed nuclei.

Mononuclear arena - yog organic tebchaw uas muaj ib tug benzene nplhaib. Tus qauv ntawm benzene molecules raug neeg sawv cev arenes feem ntau Kekule mis yog qhia raws li ib lub voj voog rau Carbo atoms, uas yog qho kev cob cog rua ntawm tej yam yooj yim C-C thiab C = C ob bonds. Qhov no qauv twb paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm niaj hnub physico-tshuaj tsom xam.

Kekule to taub yooj yim ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov benzene yog: 1) muaj cov qauv ntawm cov hexagonal benzene nplhaib; 2) benzelnom nplhaib esti peb yam yooj yim thiab peb ob bonds; 3) Tag nrho cov rau Carbo atoms nyob rau benzene nplhaib yog muaj sib npaug rau txhua tus lwm yam. Cov mis qhia tau hais tias lub elemental muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm benzene, thiab tus piv Carbo Hydrogen atoms nyob rau hauv lub molecule, rau cov tsis muaj monosubstituted isomers ntawm benzene derivatives.

Aromatic hydrocarbons yog heev ntau nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm thee ib uas yog tau tom qab qhuav distillation ntawm thee. Arena yog ib feem ntawm ntau ntau yam ntawm cov roj thiab lwm yam khoom (resins, balsams, etc.). Thaum lub sij hawm qhuav distillation ntawm thee nyob rau hauv nruab nrab tau rau txog peb feem pua thee ib, los yog thee ib. Thiab los ntawm thee ib los fractional distillation yog npaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov zauv feem: ib lub teeb roj (comprises xylenes, toluene, benzene, thiophene), carbolic roj (comprises cresols, phenols thiab naphthalene), creosote roj (muaj naphthalene) anthracene roj (muaj phenanthrene, anthracene thiab lwm yam ntau dua arenas), thiab suab uas yog siv rau txoj kev paving thiab raws li ib tug kev tsim kho cov ntaub ntawv uas.

Kev siv cov uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons. Benzene yog yus muaj los ntawm ib qho kev tsw, suab insoluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nws yog ib tug zoo kuab rau organic biosoedineny. Tsim los ntawm thee ib. Benzene - ib tug tseem ceeb raw khoom rau zus tau tej cov dyes, tshuaj, foob pob, cog kev loj hlob promoters, herbicides, tshuaj tua kab, lwm yam

Toluene yog nkag soluble nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents. Npaj los ntawm thee ib, raws li zoo raws li tej yam qib ntawm cov roj. Tsim los ntawm toluene benzene cawv, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, dyes, tshuaj, saccharin, trinitrotoluene.

Xylitol yog zoo organic solvents. Npaj los ntawm thee roj, raws li zoo raws li los ntawm fractional distillation ntawm thee ib. Los ntawm xylenes tsim phthalic anhydride, xylene, rayon polyester. Tej zaum xylenes no ntxiv rau roj.