Cannon "Rapier": kev specifications, kev hloov kho, thiab cov duab

Thaum nyob rau hauv lub battlefield, lub tank tau los ua ib tug npau suav phem rau ib ntev lub sij hawm infantryman. Tus thawj ntawm cov cav tov twb zoo invulnerable, thiab tsis nrog lawv nkaus xwb los ntawm kev khawb anti-tank kwj thiab tsim obstacles tom ntej no barrage.

Tom qab ntawd tuaj lub anti-tank phom, lub hwj chim uas los ntawm hnub no tus qauv yog tsis zoo. Txawm thaum lub tso tsheb hlau luam dua muaj zog armor, yuav tsis muaj ntshai ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov riam phom. Thiab ntawm no nyob rau hauv ib tug scene muaj anti-tank phom. Lawv yog neeg txhaum xwb thiab cumbersome, tab sis lub tankers tam sim ntawd pib mus hwm lawv.

Kuv puas yuav tau anti-tank phom niaj hnub no?

Muaj ntau tus neeg zoo tib ntseeg tias nyob rau hauv niaj hnub battlefield no "archaic" caj npab muaj tsis muaj chaw mus hais tias: Armor tam sim no tso tsheb hlau luam yog tsis ib txwm lov txawm lub cumulative mos txwv, dab tsi yuav peb cia siab tias los ntawm ib co tsi phom! Tab sis qhov no saib yog tsis muaj tseeb nkaus. Muaj ib co ntawm cov kev kuaj, uas yuav muaj peev xwm xa ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem txawm heev "advanced" machine. Piv txwv li, lub anti-tank phom "Rapier" ntau Soviet ntau lawm.

Cov riam phom yog li ntawd nthuav yog hais tias nws yuav tsum tham txog nyias. Yuav ua li cas peb tam sim no tig.

Tom qab nyob rau hauv

Nyob ib ncig ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub 50s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo nws los ua tseeb hais tias lub ntsiab antitank riam phom nyob rau hauv ceev yuav tsum tau ua lub kev sib ntaus los muaj hwj chim. Yog vim li cas yog cov tsos ntawm cov Americans muaj lawv tus kheej tej yaam num ntawm hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no kuv yog nyob rau CA caj npab phom D-10T thiab BS-3 (ob - 100 hli). Hom kev kawm rightly xav hais tias lawv ua tau zoo tej zaum yuav tsis txaus.

Qhov yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav ua rau kom qhov luaj li cas ... tiam sis qhov no txoj kev coj mus rau lub creation ntawm loj loj, hnyav thiab qeeb-tsiv phom. Thiab ces, Soviet engineers txiav txim siab rov qab mus rau smoothbore artillery, uas tsis tau siv no txij li thaum 1860 nyob rau hauv Russia! Yuav ua li cas sim hawm caij nyoog kom lawv coj xws li ib tug kev txiav txim siab?

Thiab qhov no yog siab ceev, uas yuav tsum tau dispersed armor-tho plhaub nyob rau hauv lub thoob. Tej kev ua yuam nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua tus tom kawg ua tsis tau tsuas yog rau ib tug drastic nco nyob rau hauv cov neeg, tab sis kuj ua rau kom txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm tag nrho cov riam phom. Nrog rau tus chim qhov teeb meem no yog heev cov lus rov. Nws lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog qhov niaj hnub hnav.

kev xaiv ntawm kev nyuaj

Tab sis dab tsi yog hloov rifling nrhiav tau? Tom qab tag nrho, ntawm lawv cov nuj nqis projectile koom tes directional stability, uas txawj hluav taws tshaj ntev ncua kev! Thiab qhov kev txiav txim tau mus ib zaug dua nrhiav nyob rau hauv lub archives ntawm lub Gunners. Nws muab tawm hais tias koj muaj peev xwm siv lub feathered projectiles rau smoothbore phom. Tam sim no (nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm) technology cia los mus ua kom nws tsis tau tsuas yog feeler (coinciding nrog lub puab kab uas hla ntawm lub phom), tab sis kuj muab qhia tawm. Cias muab, lub plhaub qhib tuaj tom qab tawm hauv sab nraum lub thoob (raws li RPG-7).

Tus thawj thwmsim thiab cov thawj qauv

Tus thawj thwmsim tau qhia tias rau tej hlua pheej tus yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam tsum tau yam tsawg ib tug 105-hli phom. Thaum lub railway lub sij hawm txawj ntse tau txais ib daim ntawv qhia hais tias tus British tsim zoo xws li cov caliber phom nrog hitherto unprecedented kev ua tau zoo. Chief designer ntawm peb tes num - V. Ya. Afanaseva - qhaib rau "catch up thiab ntes" competitors nyob rau hauv lub shortest tau lub sij hawm. Lub feemxyuam designer tsis tau tsuas yog tu lub allotted lub sij hawm, tab sis kuj muab lub sij hawm rau nruab ib tug tshiab riam phom nyob rau hauv domestic tso tsheb hlau luam. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, nws yog me ntsis txi ballistics, shortening lub plhaub raws nraim rau 1000 hli.

Yog li yug lub "Ntawv Nyiaj" - anti-tank phom, ib tug yees duab uas tau dua muab nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Uas tau siv nyob rau hauv nws cov creation?

Yuav kom expedite tus ua hauj lwm, peb coj ib tug carriage los ntawm tus D-48 cannons, me ntsis modifying nws cov qauv. Tab sis teb kev ntsuam xyuas sai li sai tau pom tias nws heev hlipok rau lub tshiab seev. Kuv yuav tsum tau redo no ib feem ntawm kos. Tshiab ntsuam xyuas phom nrog yawm thiab tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev pab. Nws yog lub npe hu ua ib qho kev ntsuas gauge 105 hli "T-12". "Rapier" niaj hnub qauv kev lom zem ntau raws ntawm nws.

Lub cev nyob rau hauv lub tshiab phom raug ua los ntawm ib tug-daim qauv. Length - 6510 hli. Cov designers tau xaiv los ua siv active-reactive hom muzzle nres. Lub breech yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug ntsug npoo rooj vag. Tua twb nqa tawm ncaj qha los ntawm lub log, ntxiv fixation (los thaiv cov hlab ncua kev kawm ntawv) yog tsis yuav tsum tau.

Yuav kom pab tau koj xav, uas muaj peev xwm ntawm ib rab phom "Rapier", tus yam ntxwv uas peb yuav luv luv pleev xim rau, muaj ib tug zoo rau ntawm lub rooj.

Nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog - tsis yog tus niaj hnub phom "Rapier". Nws ntseg qhov tseeb versions ntawm nws cov ntau npaum li cas loj.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov mos txwv

Rau cov anti-tank phom mos txwv - tus thawj cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm phenomenally ntev-ntau yam thiab txhim khu kev qha ua tsov rog dhau mus ua ib tug "taub dag", yog hais tias koj siv outdated, substandard zoo li rau nws. Thiab cov phom "Rapier", uas qhia tau hais tias qhov kev kawm yam ntxwv ntawm peb ntau dua - qhov zoo tshaj plaws pov thawj.

Mos txwv rau cov tshiab riam phom kuj coj ib tug ntau ntawm cov teeb meem, vim hais tias lawv yuav tsum tau tsim anew. Lub ntsiab yam - tho thiab cumulative. Yuav kom ua kom puas tus yeeb ncuab cov neeg ua siv ib tug txheej txheem high-heev hom txhaj tshuaj tag. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm xam yog tau siv kev kawm tho projectiles. Ib tug ntau ntawm cov teeb meem tauj Plumage ntawm lub yav tas, raws li cov kev nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ib yam dab tsi zoo li hais tias tsuas tsis muaj nyob, thiab xwb smoothbore 100 lub hli phom twb tsis tau tau kom mastered los ntawm domestic kev lag luam.

Cov teeb meem yog tias lub projectile nrog uas tsis tau qheb tuaj muaj kom txaus nrees tiv thaiv tus kav channel tsis muaj txoj kev ua ib backlash. ntawm no thiab twb tau txais raws li pov tseg dozens ntawm cov tswv yim, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg siav tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau designers. Oddly txaus, tab sis lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog qhov kev txiav txim uas tau muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov pib thiab tsis xav yuav "vim hais tias ntawm lub txheej thaum ub." Qhov no ib zaug dua yuav paub tseeb tias lub feem ntau yooj yim - yog feem ntau cov feem ntau txhim khu kev qha.

Tus tshiab tshuaj

Cov tub ntxhais nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog hais kom ua stainless maraging hlau. Ntsis-divider plhaub - los ntawm cov feem ntau cov pa stamped steel ntawv, siv tau los ua ib co qhov chaw ntawm tus Tsov tus tw stabilizer. Feathering "sub" los ntawm tshwj xeeb cam khwb cia txhuas hlau, thiab tom qab ntawd pom tawm hais tias txhuas anodizing yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Taug qab nias rau hauv sab hauv ntawm tus Tsov tus tw thiab yog ntxiv tsau mus rau lub threaded kev twb kev txuas thiab cov tub ntxhais.

Ntau ua hauj lwm tau ib tug uas siv plhaub: nyob rau hauv lub kawg tswm rau lub triple kev xaiv, lub ntsiab uas tau raug txuas obtyuriruyuschim tooj liab lub nplhaib. Sai li sai tau raws li lub projectile yoojyim chim channel aerodynamic rog no tsuas tearing lub band, thiab cov "xub", qhib Plumage, rushes mus rau lub tso tsheb hlau luam. Thaum ib tug deb ntawm 750 meters qhov hloov tus nqi yog tsis ntau tshaj li 2.5 degrees nyob rau hauv txoj kab ntawm pom.

Nta ntawm lub lwm yam kev txhaj tshuaj

Nrheev txheem thiab high-heev txhaj tshuaj muaj ib tug zoo siv. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntaub ntawv tseem yog lub projectile lub cev rigidly koom nrog cov rear lub tes tsho, uas yog txuas mus rau feathering. Qhov txawv yog qhov uas tsis obtyuriruyuschego siv thiab txoj kab uas hla zoo li cov uas rau lub pob tw. Rau cumulative zoo li siv bushing nrog tsib tuaj feathering, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm high-heev txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv - rau.

Nrheev thiab high-heev txhaj tshuaj ua tsis yog li ntawd siab xav tau nyob rau hauv lub tes tsho, tab sis vim hais tias nws puas tau tawm ntawm qhov dog dig (plated lacquer) ntawm hlau. Sabot projectiles tib hom haum tawm heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv high-quality dag lub tes tsho uas tsis hnav tawm li riam phom. "Ntawv Nyiaj" - phom nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm heev kim, thiaj li kws txawj saib rau txhua txoj kev los ua kom nws cov kev pab cuam lub neej.

Finalization ntawm zoo li

Tab sis nrog tus me nyuam ntawm ntau hom kev txhaj tshuaj teeb meem tau cia li pib, raws li lawv sawvdaws yuav tsum tau loj kho nqi lus. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub tho projectiles penetrated txig mas txheej txheem khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm armor, tab sis lawv coped nrog lub slanted deb tsawg dua pov. Lub projectile los yog kos npe rau hauv armor nyob rau hauv ib co tsis yooj yim sua lub, los yog tsuas yog ricochet. Landfills tau tawg dozens ntawm decommissioned tso tsheb hlau luam, thaum cov kws txawj pom muaj ib cov tshuaj siv tau rau tag nrho cov.

Tshiab ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub tsim

Nws coj cia li ntxiv rau qhov kev siv ntawm tus "boom" ntxiv cov tub ntxhais ntawm mas check hlau. Thaum no yog ib feem twb tau ua tswvcuab (weighing tsuas 800g), ua los ntawm tungsten carbide, lub firing tam sim ntawd pom zoo heev tau: yuav tsum tau penetrated los ntawm ib tug zij armor kho los ntawm 60%!

Tsis ntev tag nrho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tau raug kuaj nyob rau hauv xyaum. Cannon "Rapier" kev sib ntaus los siv uas pib thaum lub sij hawm ntawm qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub Golan Heights, tau qhia tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv allergic.

Ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb tes num

Heev sai sai no, ib tug tshiab phom, thiab kos mloog mus rau lub Soviet tankers. Lawv qhuas los ntawm lub hwj chim thiab tsis muaj-recoil smoothbore phom thiab nws lub teeb yuag. thawj kuaj tau sau nyob rau hauv ib tug hurry, uas tam sim ntawd ua ib tug kav ntev tswv yim rau cov tub rog.

Tau ntsia rau qhov chassis ntawm lub tank T-54, lub tshiab 100 hli cannon "Rapier" punched kawm lub hom phiaj (debited tsev nyob rau hauv tib lub T-54) txoj cai los ntawm, thiab nrog exorbitant mus. Ntawm yaj, uas ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg coob, yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi sab laug.

Nyob rau hauv 1960 hloov mus rau ib tug yam lub xeev phom "Rapier" pib mus rau Mount rau lub chassis tej (nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub T-55). Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua tiav D54, raws li cov tshiab smoothbore phom qhia nws tsis superiority. Tsis zoo li cov "infantry" hloov uas tank zoo li nyob rau hauv no series yog tsis yog ib tug muzzle nres. Cia li rau lub hlis tank phom "Rapier" (duab uas yuav pom nyob rau hauv no cov ntaub ntawv uas) tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv lub cim 2A20 "Stiletto."

Lub fact tias nws tsis yog tshwj xeeb yog tsim nyog nyob rau caliber ntawm 100 hli. Muab qhov tseeb hais tias lub Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam yeej tsis tau exorbitant loj thiab nyhav, thiab muzzle nres heev tej lub efficiency, nws installation nyob rau hauv lub domestic tank tsev twb xyaum xwb nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg tag nrho lwm txoj kev tau raug kev sim siab tshem tawm thiab tsis muab cov yam tshwm sim.

tshiab hloov

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1970s rab phom "Rapier" yog hloov dua. Cov tshwm sim ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm zaum thiab engineers tau ua ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm lub T-12A (2A29). Metallurgists thiab chemists tau pom ib txoj kev los mus tsim ntau robust yeej hais tias yeej muab lub hauv paus rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm tshiab, kho kom zoo mos txwv.

Ib zaug ntxiv, cov carriage twb tau kiag li redesigned, uas ua rau dab tsi tau yuav luag tag tshem tawm kev co thaum shooting, cov tswv yim npaum li cas sawv los ntawm yuav luag ib nrab. Nws yog tsim thiab txais yuav los ntawm qhov pom kev hmo ntuj shooting, raws li zoo raws li txoj radar, tsim los rau ob qho tib si hmo ntuj thiab nruab hnub thaum visibility yog neeg pluag (hmoov av los nag, piv txwv li). Externally no hloov kho yog heev yooj yim mus paub qhov txawv, raws li cov muzzle nres phom zoo li ib lub ntsev shaker.

Ib txhij nrog kev hloov kho 2A29 saws ib tug kiag li tshiab subcaliber projectile nrog ib tug ua hauj lwm feem tsim los ntawm ib tug tib daim tungsten hlau. munition loj zog me ntsis, tab sis lub firing ntau zog los ntawm kwv yees li 30%. Tom qab ib tug tshiab ib tsab ntawm manuals rau nqe ntaus rog coob phom. Nws hais tias lub shooting zoo munitions los ntawm cov laus "Rapier" 2A19 yog txwv tsis pub, raws li yog tau rupture ntawm cov chim.

Txij li thaum 1971, nyob rau hauv lub series mus kho tank "Rapier" nyob rau hauv lub T-12A - 2A20M1 "Stiletto."

xaus

Rau hnub tim, qhov no riam phom yog ho tawm ntawm hnub. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias "Rapier" cannon yuav tsis tau lees tias cov khov kho allergic cuab yeej niaj hnub tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej yam nws yog heev tiv nrog lawv cov hauj lwm.

Yog li, thaum lub sij hawm lub Yugoslav teeb meem twb siv los ntawm tag nrho ob tog nrog zoo heev tau. Kws txawj nco ntsoov tias qhov cuab tam yog zoo tagnrho rau cov tswj lub teeb armored tsheb ntawm tus yeeb ncuab (uas yog hnyav dua domestic BMP ob zaug). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov phom "Rapier" (yees duab saum toj no), yuav luag yeej muaj peev xwm ntaus feem ntau ntawm NATO tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv lub sab thiab siab tawv. Qhov no qhia hais tias tus "poj niam laus" yog tseem heev thaum ntxov mus pw.