Amino acids - dab tsi li koj xav tau? Amino acids nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov. Lub tshua thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov amino acids

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj ob pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj: organic thiab inorganic. Cov yav tas muaj xws li tebchaw xws li hydrocarbons, alkynes, alkenes, alcohols, lipids, thiab lwm yam nucleic acids, cov nqaijrog, carbohydrates, amino acids. Yuav ua li cas yog cov tshuaj, peb yuav npog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tag nrho cov organic tebchaw tas muaj xws li atoms ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab Hydrogen. Tej zaum lawv kuj muaj cov pa, Sulfur, Nitrogen thiab lwm yam hais. Cov science uas kawm cov nqaijrog, acids, oxides, amino acids - Chemistry. Nws qhia txog cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua pab pawg neeg ntawm tshuaj.

Amino acids - Yuav ua li cas yog cov tshuaj?

Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb heev rau lub cev muaj zeej nyob qhov ntawm cov ntiaj chaw, raws li lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tshuaj - proteins. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj yog nees-nkaum ib amino acid uas cov tebchaw yog tsim. Muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj xws li txhua atoms ntawm Hydrogen, Nitrogen, carbon thiab oxygenation. Cov tshuaj qauv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj ib tug amino NH2, los ntawm uas los lub npe.

Yuav ua li cas proteins uas tsim los ntawm cov amino acids?

Cov organic tshuaj uas generated nyob rau hauv plaub kauj ruam, lawv cov qauv muaj cov thawj, theem nrab, tertiary thiab quaternary lug. Los ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv nyob ntawm seb tej yam khoom ntawm lub protein. Primary txiav txim tus naj npawb thiab kev txiav txim ntawm cov amino acids kev pab, nyob rau hauv lub polypeptide saw. Ob txhais yog ib tug alpha-helix los yog beta-qauv. Thawj tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm sib ntswg ntawm lub polypeptide saw thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm hydrogen bonds nyob rau hauv tib. Cov yav tas - vim qhov tshwm sim kev sib raug zoo ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov atoms txawv polypeptide chains. Tertiary qauv - yog sib thooj, alpha-helix thiab beta-qauv. Nws yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ob hom: fibrillar thiab globular. Tus thawj yog ib tug ntev thread. Cov nqaijrog nrog xws li ib tug qauv yog fibrin, myosin pom nyob rau hauv tej nqaij, raws li zoo raws li lwm leej lwm tus. Qhov thib ob muaj rau hauv daim ntawm ib tug kauj, ib tug globular cov nqaijrog muaj xws li, piv txwv li, insulin, hemoglobin thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub cev uas muaj sia nyob creatures rau lub synthesis ntawm proteins uas los ntawm cov amino acids sib haum mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm tes organelles - ribosomes. Ntaub ntawv hais txog cov proteins uas yuav tsum tau generated, encoded nyob rau hauv DNA thiab pauv mus rau ribosomes los ntawm RNA.

Yuav ua li cas yog amino acids?

Tebchaw uas yog ua los ntawm cov nqaijrog, tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntawm nees-nkaum ib. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm kom los ua ke tus tib neeg lub cev thaum lub sij hawm metabolism (metabolism), thaum lwm tus neeg - tsis muaj. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj cov amino acids: histidine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine, tyrosine, arginine, alanine, Glutamine, asparagine, glycine, proline, carnitine, ornithine, taurine, serine. Cov thawj cuaj ntawm cov amino acids uas muaj npe saum toj no yog indispensable. Muaj kuj uslovnonezamenimye - cov neeg uas lub cev muaj peev xwm siv es tsis txhob qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv huab mob. Qhov no, piv txwv li, tyrosine, thiab cysteine. Tus thawj yuav siv tau es tsis txhob ntawm phenylalanine, thiab lub thib ob - yog hais tias tsis methionine. Qhov tseem ceeb cov amino acids nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj - ib tug prerequisite ntawm ib tug noj qab nyob zoo cov khoom noj.

Yuav ua li cas cov zaub mov ua lawv muaj?

• Valine - nqaij, ntses.
• Histidine - buckwheat porridge, cereals, liab ntses, nqaij npuas, nqaij qaib thiab.
• Isoleucine - qe, nqaij, nqaij ntses, mis nyuj, cheese, tsev cheese.
• Leucine - tib yam li hais tias ntawm isoleucine.
• Methionine - cereals, txiv laum huab xeeb, walnuts, pistachios, nplej.
• Threonine - nqaij, cereals, nceb.
• Tryptophan - qaib ntxhw, luav, nqaij npuas, mackerel.
• Phenylalanine - nqaij, taum, taum mog, lentils, kua, ntses, cheese, mis nyuj, cheese.

Tag nrho cov lwm yam amino acids nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov uas consumed los ntawm cov tib neeg, thiab yuav tsis tau tuav, vim hais tias lub cev muaj peev xwm yuav tsim lawv tus kheej, tab sis tseem nws yog ntshaw tias ib txhia ntawm lawv tuaj nrog cov zaub mov. Feem ntau ntawm cov tseem ceeb cov amino acids yog muaj nyob rau hauv tib yam khoom raws li qhov tseem ceeb, hais tias yog, nqaij, ntses, mis nyuj - uas zaub mov uas yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv protein.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm txhua tus amino acid nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev

Txhua yam ntawm cov tshuaj ua ib txog kev ua nyob rau hauv lub cev. Cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws amino acids rau tag nrho ntawm lub neej yog qhov tseem ceeb, li ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tsum siv cov nrog lawv cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv txaus kom muaj nuj nqis. Txij li thaum lub tsev blocks ntawm peb lub cev yog ib tug muaj protein ntau, nws yuav tau hais tias qhov tseem ceeb thiab tsim nyog tshuaj yog amino acids. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov tseem ceeb, tam sim no peb mam li qhia rau koj. Raws li tau sau saum toj no, qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov amino acids yog histidine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan. Txhua yam ntawm cov tshuaj tebchaw plays ib lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cev. Piv txwv li, valine uas yuav tsum tau rau kom zoo txoj kev loj hlob, yog li tej zaub mov muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv txaus qhov ntau nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj ntawm cov me nyuam, cov hluas thiab ncaws pob uas xav kom lub concentration ntawm nqaij loj. Histidine kuj fulfills ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm - muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg regeneration, ib feem ntawm hemoglobin (uas yog vim li cas nws tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yog pom zoo kom ua rau kom tus nqi noj buckwheat). Leucine yog tsim nyog rau lub cev coj los ua ke cov nqaijrog, raws li zoo raws li kom muaj cov kev ua ntawm lub cev mus rau lub zoo theem. Lysine - tsis muaj tus tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub cev cia li yuav tsis nqus calcium, yog li ntawd koj yuav tsis tso cai rau ib tug tsis muaj ntawm no amino acid - mus muaj xws li nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj los ntawm ntau ntses, cheese thiab lwm yam khoom noj siv mis. Tryptophan yuav tsum tau mus tsim vitamin B, raws li zoo raws li lub tshuaj hormones uas tswj kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab mus ob peb vas. Qhov no tshuaj yog muaj nyob rau hauv compositions txhawb calmness thiab tshem tawm insomnia. Phenylalanine yog siv los ntawm lub cev mus rau tsim cov tshuaj hormones xws li adrenaline thiab tyrosine. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm kuj yuav tau ib feem ntawm kev kho mob preparations uas raug nrog insomnia los yog kev nyuaj siab.

Amino acids nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm Science News for KIDS

Koj twb paub hais tias cov Cheebtsam ntawm cov nqaijrog thiab tseem ceeb heev tshuaj rau tib neeg - yog ib cov amino acid. Yuav ua li cas yog cov tebchaw, peb twb sib tham, tam sim no peb tsiv mus nyob rau lawv tshuaj zog.

Cov tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov amino acids

Txhua yam ntawm lawv yog ib tug me ntsis ntawm cwm pwm, tab sis yog lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau. Txij li thaum nyob tus yeees ntawm cov amino acids yuav tsum sib txawv thiab muaj xws li ntau yam tshuaj hais, thiab cov khoom yog me ntsis txawv. Common rau tag nrho cov tshuaj ntawm cov pab pawg neeg attribute yog lub peev xwm rau condense tsim peptides. Tsis tas li ntawd amino acids yuav hnov mob nrog cov pa roj nitrous acid, li no txoj kev ua ib hydroxy kua qaub, dej thiab nitrogen. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv hnov mob nrog thiab alcohols. Qhov no tas ib hydrochloric ntsev ntawm ib tug ester thiab dej. Yuav kom qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau muaj raws li catalyst ntawm hydrochloric acid nyob rau hauv lub gaseous sau ua ib pawg xeev.

Yuav ua li cas qhia lawv muaj?

Tshwj xeeb los mus txiav txim hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tshuaj zoo haum ntawm amino acids. Piv txwv li, mus ntes cysteine, yuav tsum ntxiv cov hlau lead acetate, thiab siv thaum tshav kub kub thiab alkaline ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav tsum tau tsim ntawm cov hlau lead sulphide, uas precipitates dub. Tsis tas li ntawd lub xov tooj ntawm cov amino acids nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau txiav txim los ntawm kev ntxiv cov pa roj nitrous acid. Kawm yog liberated los ntawm lub ntim ntawm nitrogen.