Zhan Pol Marat: ib tug luv luv biography

Journalist thiab mej zeej ntawm lub Convention Zhan Pol Marat yog ib qho ntawm feem nto moo thiab charismatic nuj nqis ntawm lub Fabkis kiv puag ncig. Nws cov ntawv xov xwm "Cov phooj ywg ntawm cov neeg" yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawv ntawm nws era. Marat, tsis muaj tsis ntseeg, yog tus uas kav lub minds thiab ua ntau yam yeeb ncuab. Tsaus ntuj nti era nqos paub publicist - nws twb stabbed kom tuag los ntawm ib tug fanatical supporter ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tog.

kev kho mob ua hauj lwm

Lub neej yav tom ntej revolutionary Zhan Pol Marat yug Tej zaum 24, 1743 nyob rau hauv lub Swiss lub zos ntawm Boudry. Nws txiv yog ib tug naas ej tus kws kho mob uas yuav txiav txim seb lub neej yav tom ntej hauj lwm tus me nyuam tub. Zhan Pol twb tshuav zoo nkauj thaum ntxov uas niam thiab txiv, thiab nws yog ib tug tub hluas yuav tsum tau nqa ib lub siab ywj siab lub neej. Nws khaws cia hloov nws qhov chaw nyob thiab txoj kev khwv nyiaj.

Kaum xyoo Zhan Pol Marat twb torn ntawm Holland thiab hais. Nws yog ib tug xyaum tu yus tus kws kho mob thiab txawj sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1775 nws los ua ib tug kws kho mob ntawm cov tshuaj tus kws ntawm lub University of Edinburgh. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Marat rau yim xyoo ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws kho mob nyob hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lub Comte d'Artois - lub neej yav tom ntej huab tais ntawm Fabkis, Charles X.

Pib ntawm journalistic kev ua ub no

Rau 30 xyoo cov kws ntawv tau ua heev zoo-paub nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm philosophy thiab tab sib cav nrog Voltaire. Nws luam tawm tsis tau tsuas yog scientific ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv physiology thiab cov tshuaj, tab sis kuj ua xav nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv 1774, los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm Marat twb "chains ntawm kev ua qhev" - ib qho ntawm feem kev zoo siab thiab nrov pamphlets ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Kws ntawv corresponded rau tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub sij hawm - nyob rau hauv Western teb chaws Europe, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Fabkis, loj hlob antimonarchist mus ob peb vas. Tiv thaiv no tom qab, ib tug publicist nrog nws nrov nrov proclamations pheej ntaus lub paj ntawm tus neeg mob thiab lub zej zog maj los ua lub npe hu.

Zhan Pol Marat tau tsim muaj nws tus kheej raws li ib tug yuav tsum muaj soj ntsuas ntaub ntawv ntawm absolutism. Pob Txha European regimes nws suav hais tias oppressive thiab hindering txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg. Marat tsis tau tsuas yog ua phem rau cov monarchy, nws maum kuaj nyob rau hauv kom meej lub keeb kwm evolution ntawm absolutism thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub "Chains ntawm kev ua cev qhev" nws raws li ib tug lwm txoj rau lub outdated hom muaj ib tug tshiab qauv ntawm haiv neeg uas muaj vaj huam sib economic thiab kev nom kev tswv txoj cai. Nws lub tswv yim ntawm egalitarianism lees paub opposite nrov ces elitism.

Ib tug critic ntawm lub qub kev txiav txim

Nyob rau hauv nws views Zhan Pol Marat ntau lees txim ib staunch supporter ntawm Rousseau. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm los tsim ib co ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm nws tus kws qhia ntawv. Prominently nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm xav koom nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov nriaj ntawm cov laus feudal aristocracy thiab lub bourgeoisie, yog ib tug supporter ntawm mas lub tswv yim. Ntsoov teev cov tseem ceeb ntawm no rivalry, Marat hais txog hais tias ib tug loj txaus ntshai rau lub sib haum xeeb ntawm siab nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe yog cov kev thaiv kev nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov nplua nuj thiab cov neeg pluag. Nws yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo tsis sib xws ua rau cov txawj sau ntawv pom cov loj hlob ntsoog.

Marat yog feem ntau zoo ib yam tus kws lijchoj pro-neeg pluag, tus peasants thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm. Nws yog vim li no nws tau ua thiaj li iconic daim duab cov leftist ob tog. Ntau xyoo tom qab no revolutionary yuav tau raug tsa nto nyob rau hauv lub USSR - nws lub npe yuav tsum hu ua txoj kev, thiab nws biography yuav yog tus raug ntawm ntau monographs.

"Cov phooj ywg ntawm cov neeg"

Nyob rau hauv 1789, thaum lub kiv puag ncig pib nyob rau hauv Fabkis, Marat coj li nws tus kheej ntawv xov xwm "Cov phooj ywg ntawm cov neeg." Publicist thiab ua ntej nrov, thiab nyob rau hauv lub turbulent hnub ntawm pej xeem kev ua si, nws tau los ua ib daim duab ntawm tiag enormous proportions. Marat pib hu nws tus kheej ib tug "cov phooj ywg ntawm cov neeg". Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv, nws thuam lub tseem fwv rau tag nrho cov missteps thiab kev ua txhaum. Cov ntawv yog tas li nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv siab. Tab sis thaum twg nws tuaj rau lub tsev hais plaub, Marat (tib processor) tswj kom tau tam sim ntawd nrog nws. Nws cov ntawv xov xwm yog wildly nrov ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm thiab cov petty bourgeoisie ntawm Paris.

Los ntawm cov ntawv qhia Attendance ntaus raws li ib tug monarchy nrog lub koob muaj npe tsev neeg, thiab tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm nom tswv nrog cov neeg ntawm lub teb chaws los ua ke. "Cov phooj ywg ntawm cov neeg" los ua ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog vim li cas rau lub thoob plaws kis tau ntawm radical revolutionary sentiment nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis capital. Cov ntawv xov xwm yog li ntawd nrov hais tias muaj txawm fake ntawv uas npaj mus discredit nws los yog siv nws cov pej xeem paub.

Mus txawv teb chaws, thiab repatriation

Nrog txhua lub hli ntawm active journalism ntau thiab ntau cov yeeb ncuab kom tau ib Zhan Pol Marat. Luv luv biography ntawm lub revolutionary yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lossi nkaum thiab nkaum txiv neej. Nws zam tsis tau tsuas yog cov tub ceev xwm tab sis kuj ntau fanatics sim rau nws lub neej. Thaum lub qhov siab ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, raws li cov ntaub poob nyob rau hauv 1791, Marat txawm emigrated mus ces.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv London, cov neeg sau xov xwm yog seeb - nws siv los tau nyob rau hauv lub tuab ntawm tej yam. Tom qab ib tug luv luv tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm qhov nrov publicist rov qab mus rau Paris. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1792. Fermentation ntawd kub ntev li tab sis ib tug ob peb xyoos ntawm civil ntxaug hloov tau ua tsis tau tejyam los txhim kho qhov teeb meem ntawm lub discontented pejxeem.

Cov evolution ntawm views

Muaj ntau cov neeg tuaj koom ntawm lub Great Fabkis txoj kiv puag ncig, lossi hloov lawv views. Kuv tsis muaj kev zam, thiab Zhan Pol Marat. Qhia qhov tseemceeb txog ntawm cov evolution ntawm nws kev ntseeg yog. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm lub kiv puag ncig Marat advocated qhov preservation ntawm lub monarchy nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg txoj kev thiab dispersal ntawm lub National Assembly. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog yuam cai rau lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug Republican system. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1791 tus huab tais sim khiav, thaum pib ntawm lwm tig tau, thiab ib yam ntawm cov demonstrations, txawm tua. Tom qab no rov, editor ntawm "Cov phooj ywg ntawm cov neeg" tau tuaj koom lub ntawm UFW ntawm cov overthrow ntawm lub Bourbons.

Thaum Louis twb puas tau raug ntes rau lwm los mus khiav lub teb chaws, Marat txwv lub siab xav ntawm cov masses mus nrog cov huab tais tsis muaj mus sib hais. ntws kav sim los mus tiv thaiv cov tswv yim ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li tag nrho cov kev cai lij choj formalities nyob rau hauv nrug muaj feem luj kev txhaum huab tais. Marat twb tau mus cuam tshuam tej lub Convention thiab ua rau nws tsa rau lo lus nug ntawm lub txim rau tus yob-hu pov ntawv tawm suab. 387 ntawm 721 deputies twb nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus tua ntawm Louis.

Lub sib ntaus tawm tsam tus Girondins

Txij thaum nws cov inception, cov Convention yog nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau ntawm xws zoo heev hais lus zoo li Zhan Pol Marat. Duab nyob rau hauv cov hnub yog tsis muaj, tab sis ib tug xwb cov duab thiab cov ntawv xov xwm clippings kom meej meej qhia yuav ua li cas nws muaj peev xwm mus txeeb cov xim ntawm cov pej xeem. Charisma txoj cai pom hais tias lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawm tag nrho cov revolutionary tog Marat xaiv thiab txhawb cov Montagnards, los ntawm leej twg raug xaiv mus rau lub Convention. Lawv tw Girondins twb raug txhua txhua hnub thuam ntawm lub journalist.

Marat yeeb ncuab txawm muaj kev tswj kom muab tso rau nws nyob rau mus sib hais rau hais tias lub Convention tau ua tus abode ntawm lub counter-kiv puag ncig. Txawm li cas los, tus Thawj Tub Ceev twb tau mus siv ib tug pej xeem mus sib hais raws li ib tug platform thiab muaj pov thawj lawv tus kheej innocence. Girondins ntseeg tias lub hnub qub Marat yog hais txog mus rau thaum kawg sunsets. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1793, tom qab winning ib tug lub tsev hais plaub, uas, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, nws ua ib tug rov qab los mus rau lub Convent. Unsinkable thiab omnipresent rau nws lub contemporaries yog Zhan Pol Marat. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, yog hais tias tsis tuag ntxov, nws txoj hmoo yog yuav txawv heev.

Cov thawj coj ntawm lub Jacobins

Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1793 ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm npau taws Parisians Convention deputies ntiab tawm ntawm lub Girondins. Hwj chim rau tej lub sij hawm twb dhau mus lub Jacobins, los yog es, peb lawv cov thawj coj - Danton, Marat thiab Robespierre. Lawv taws ib tug nom tswv qws, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm nws cov radical siab rau rhuav lub qub feudal thiab monarchical kev txiav txim.

Lub Jacobins twb los ntawm UFW ntawm ntshai, uas lawv ntshai li ib tug tsim nyog txhais tau tias mus cuag lawv nom tswv lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv Paris, lawv kuj tau raug hu ua tus "Society of cov phooj ywg ntawm lub Constitution". Thaum lub ncov ntawm nws tej chaw thaum lub sij hawm Jacobin muaj xws li mus txog 500,000 ntawm UFW nyob Fabkis. Marat tsis yog tus founder ntawm no txav, tiam sis, adhered mus rau nws sai sai los ua ib qho ntawm nws cov thawj coj.

tua

Tom qab lub qhia kov yeej Girondins Marat heev tsis muaj zog txaus noj qab haus huv. Nws twb ntaus los ntawm mob tawv nqaij kab mob. Tshuaj tsis tau kev pab, thiab ua cas tsis muaj kev txhawj lawv kev txom nyem, cov neeg sau xov xwm coj ib tug da dej lub sij hawm. Nws tsuas tsis sau nyob rau hauv no txoj hauj lwm, tab sis txawm tau txais qhua.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv tej yam, Lub Xya hli ntuj 13, 1793 tuaj mus Marat Sharlotta Korde. Tu siab nws raug tsim txom, nws yog ib tug tsiv supporter ntawm lub Girondists. Poj niam stabbed tsis muaj zog thiab tsis paub pab revolutionary. Da dej, qhov chaw uas nws raug tua los ntawm Zhan Pol Marat, xwm li nyob rau hauv nws nto moo painting los ntawm Jacques Lui David (nws painting "Tuag Marat" kuj yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau nrov tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab rau rau siab ua lub turbulent era). Thawj lub cev nteg nyob rau hauv sau xov xwm. Tom qab lwm hloov ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv 1795, nws tau tsiv mus rau ib tug dog dig toj ntxas. Ib txoj kev los sis lwm, tab sis lub tua neeg ntawm Zhan Pol Marat yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Great Fabkis kiv puag ncig.