Arts & lom ze, Kev Sau Ntawv
Lub chronological cov lus ntawm Mayakovsky. Cov theem ntawm lub neej thiab kev muaj tswv yim
Lub neej ntawm no poet lasted tsis tiav 37 xyoo, tab sis nws muaj ntau heev. Nws yog ib tug thawjcoj ntawm cov avant-garde kos duab, thaum nws tshaj tawm tias nws yog ib tug neeg ncaj ncees ntawm tus neeg sab nraud, nws yog ib tug neeg tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam. Nws cov paj huam yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm kev nrhiav ib daim ntawv tshiab thiab qhov tseem ceeb nyob mus ib txhis hauv cov ntsiab lus, lub suab neeg muaj suab npe thiab kev hloov maj mam ua rau luag.
1893-1906. Thaum yau
Yug Lub Xya Hli 7, 1893 hauv tsev neeg ntawm Vladimir Mayakovsky, uas tau khiav lub chaw ua haujlwm hav zoov hauv lub me me Georgian lub zos ntawm Bagdadi ze Kutaisi, thiab Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko, tus neeg nyob hauv Kuban. Txiv yawg tus yawm txiv yog Cossack tus thawj coj, uas tau txais cov nom tswv.
Cov ntaub ntawv chronologically ntawm Mayakovsky muaj ntau zaj lus tim khawv hais txog yav dhau los peev xwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yav tom ntej: nws tus kheej tau kawm nyeem ntawv, qhia tau tias nws nyiam thiab txaus siab rau kev sau ntawv thiab kos duab, nco txog ntau cov paj huam, hais lus Georgian zoo.
Xyoo 1902 - nkag mus hauv chav ua haujlwm pabcuam hauv Kutaisi, uas yog npaj tau zoo tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias thiab kos duab.
1905 - nquag nrhav hauv kev sib tw ua rog, koom nrog kev sib sau ua ke thiab ua yeeb yam. Yeej txaus siab rau kev kawm.
Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj 19, 1906 dheev tuag los ntawm kev mob ntawm cov ntshav. Mayakovsky.
1906-1910. Nyob rau hauv Moscow
Lub rooj sib tham ntawm Mayakovsky thaum ntxov Moscow - kawm nyob rau hauv chav xyaum tes taw, fascination nrog Marxism, koom nrog RSDLP (b), ntes:
1906, lub Yim Hli Ntuj, tsev neeg Mayakovsky tuaj txog hauv Moscow, qhov chaw uas Vladimir tus tij laug Lyudmila kawm.
Xyoo 1906, Cuaj hli pib kawm rau hauv Fifth Classical Gymnasium. Nws kawm txog unevenly, tau ntsib cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam. Nws zoo nkauj ntawm kev nyeem ntawv cov ntawv nyeem, kawm Markxism.
1908 - koom nrog Lavxias Social-Democratic Party ntawm Bolsheviks, tau txais lub npe nickname "Comrade Constantine," thiab nws tso nws txoj kev kawm hauv chav gymnasium. Txhaum ntawm kev faib cov lus tshaj tawm thiab raug rau thawj zaug raug ntes. Tawm vim tsis muaj pov thawj.
1909 - Xav mus ntxiv lawv kev kawm ntawv, nkag mus rau hauv Stroganov School, tab sis nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj twb dua puas tau raug ntes nyob rau hauv suspicion ntawm Workers rau txoj kev khiav ntawm neeg raug kaw. Nyob rau hauv Butyrskaya nyeem ntau ntawv tseeb, nrog rau cov Symbolist paj huam. Nws sim sau nws tus kheej.
1910 - Tsev neeg nrhiav kev dim ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Vladimir raws li tus menyuam yaus. Nws yog koom rau hauv kev nrag npaj rau kev nkag mus hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Xim Npe, Sculpture thiab Architecture.
1911-1914. Mayakovsky-Futurist
Lub sij hawm sib lawv liag ntawm Mayakovsky lub sijhawm pib ntawm kev ua si - paub zoo nrog D. Burliuk, thawj zaug ua yeeb yam thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm, kev koom tes hauv lub zog ntawm cov futurists:
1911, Cuaj hlis - Tuaj mus rau MUZHVIZ. Muaj cuab kav nrog artist thiab kws sau paj lug Davidom Burlyukom thiab lwm yam futurists.
1912 - qhia txog Burliuk nrog nws cov paj huam, nws ntsuas lawv heev. Ua nrog thawj tus neeg nyeem ntawv ntawm nws cov kwv huam nyob hauv futuristic café "Stray Dog".
1912, Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj - tshaj tawm txog cov kwv huam nyob rau hauv almanac "Qhwv rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm pej xeem saj".
1913, Lub Peb Hlis - Lub Almanac "Lub Tuam Txhab ntawm Peb" ua los ntawm paj huam thiab kos duab los ntawm Mayakovsky.
1913, Tsib Hli - cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm "I" tuaj yeem tawm
Xyoo 1913, Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj - koom nrog cov kev hais lus ntawm Futurists, thawj qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev ua phem "Vladimir Mayakovsky" nyob hauv St. Petersburg.
1914, Lub Ib Hlis - Lub Peb Hlis - koom nrog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm futurists thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws, los ntawm Kazan mus rau Tbilisi. Tshem tawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, ib qho ntawm qhov laj thawj - nyob rau Futurism.
1914, Kaum Ib Hlis - tom qab pib tsov rog, nws tau txais ib qho kev tsis kam txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ntseeg siab, uas tsim nyog rau kev nkag mus ua haujlwm pub dawb rau hauv cov tub rog.
1915-1919. Mayakovsky thiab lub kiv puag ncig
Lub sij hawm sib txuas ntawm Mayakovsky ua ntej lub sij hawm qhib thiab tom qab lub 10 hli - paub nrog Gorky, nrog rau Briks, hu rau kev ua tub rog, kev koom tes rau hauv cov txheej xwm revolutionary, "Windows of the Growth":
1915, Ob Hlis - paub zoo txog A.M. Ntsuab.
1915, Lub Xya Hli Ntuj - Ua Yeeb Yam Nrog Lilia Yurievna Brik thiab nws tus txiv.
Xyoo 1915, Cuaj hli - cov ntawv tsocai rau kev ua tub rog. Ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm Gorky, nws tau tsa ib lub tswv yim ntawm Tub Rog Chaw Haujlwm hauv Petrograd raws li tus kws tsim - qhov kev pab cuam tsuas yog siv ib feem ntawm hnub ntawd.
Xyoo 1916 - thaum lub sijhawm xyoo no cov paj huam "Tais dej-qaum", "Tsov rog thiab kev thaj yeeb", "Txiv neej", ntau cov lus paj huam tau luam tawm.
1917, caij nplooj ntoos hlav - koom tes nrog cov txheej xwm ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Lub Kaum Ob Hlis: hais lus hauv cov rooj sib tham, sau ntawv thov, xaiv tsa rau Union of Artists ntawm Petrograd.
1917, lub caij nplooj zeeg - tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide-lag luam los ntawm kev ntxias los ntawm cov Soviet tsoom fwv.
1918, caij nplooj ntoos hlav - sau ntawv, tau txhaj rau cov xinesmas.
1918, Kaum Ib Hlis - lub premiere ntawm cov kev ua si "The Mystery buff."
Xyoo 1919, Kaum Hli Ntuj - pib txoj haujlwm hauv Moscow ntawm lub qhov rais "LOJ HLOB" - txog rau Lub Ob Hlis 1922 tsim 400 txoj kab ntawv thiab 600 ntawv.
1920-1923. Tus thawj coj ntawm sab laug daim duab Mayakovsky
Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Civil War - kev tawm tsam rau cov paj huam tshiab, yeeb yam tshiab, lub yeeb yaj kiab tshiab, thawj mus ncig teb chaws Europe, cov ntawv xov xwm "LEF":
1920 - Thawj qhov kev nyeem ntawv ntawm tus paj huam "150 000 000", thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho lub xyoo ntau ntawm kev hais lus hauv kev sib cav, nrog kev qhuab qhia, thaum sib tw.
Xyoo 1921 - ntau lawm ntawm "Mystery Buff" los ntawm Meyerhold.
1922, Tsib Hlis - thawj mus rau txawv tebchaws - mus rau Riga.
1922, Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj - qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov sau ua haujlwm.
1922, Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj - Lub Kaum Ob Hlis - kev mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis, paub txog cov yeeb yaj duab thiab cov neeg sau ntawv: Picasso, Leger, Braque, Cocteau, N. Goncharova, M. Larionov, thiab lwm tus.
1923, lub Peb Hlis - thawj qhov teeb meem ntawm phau ntawv journal "Lef" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau editorial ntawm Mayakovsky nrog zaj paj huam "Txog Nws", ntau cov paj huam thiab cov khoom ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus qauv tshiab.
1923, Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj - sau cov ntawv tshaj tawm cov ntawv rau Mosselprom.
1924-1925. Poet-agitator
Mayakovsky muaj ntau yam hauv nws lub neej. Chronological cov lus ntawm lub neej thiab tswv yim ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov kev mus ncig ua si ncig thoob plaws lub teb chaws thiab lub ntiaj teb - ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, mus ncig mus rau teb chaws Europe, "lub discovery ntawm America":
1924, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav - lub caij ntuj sov - ncig ua si nrog nrug nyob rau hauv Ukraine, Crimea.
1924, Autumn-lub caij ntuj no - ib qho chaw twg los rau Paris.
1925 Tsib - pib lub tebchaws ntawm Mayakovsky mus rau Tebchaws Europe, los ntawm qhov chaw uas nws mus ntawm lub nkoj mus Mexico thiab lub tebchaws United States.
1925, Lub Xya Hli Ntuj-Lub Kaum Ob Hlis - sib ntsib hauv New York nrog D. Burliuk, nrog leej twg nws mus nyob hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas.
1926-1928. Muaj tswv yim zoo
Lub chronological rooj ntawm Mayakovsky - luv luv txog lub sij hawm no nws yuav hais tau tias qhov no yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm tseem ceeb thiab muaj tswv yim kom loj hlob:
1926, Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj-Lub Ob Hlis, Lub Rau Hli Ntuj - Lub Yim Hli Ntuj, Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj-Lub Kaum Ib Hlis - Muaj ntau cov lus qhuab qhia ncig lub teb chaws, nrog rau Poland, Czechoslovakia, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fab Kis. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
- Tshiab kos duab.
- Yuav ua li cas ua paj huam.
- Kuv nrhiav tau ntawm Amelikas.
1927 - tso tawm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "New LEF".
Xyoo 1928 - ib tsab cais ntawm zaj paj lug "Zoo."
1928 Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj - kev ua si "Bedbug" dhau lawm, kev ua haujlwm pib ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo: Meyerhold qhov kev coj, tsim ntawm Kukryniksov, suab paj nruag - Shostakovich.
1929-1930. Qee kev khomob
Lub chronological rooj ntawm Mayakovsky lub neej nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no: hnyav thuam los ntawm tw, misunderstanding ntawm cov txheeb ze, teeb meem nyob rau hauv tus kheej kev sib raug zoo:
Xyoo 1929, Lub Ib Hlis - Ntau tus kws sau paj huam tau raug tso tseg vim yog mob caj pas.
1929 Lub ob hlis ntuj - premiere ntawm "Kab laum" nyob rau hauv lub Meyerhold Theatre raws li tsis meej xwm: qhuas thiab hnyav thuam ntawm lub formulation nws tus kheej ua si.
1929, Lub Tsib Hlis - paub nrog tus actress Veronica Polonskaya - txoj kev hlub kawg ntawm tus kws sau paj lug.
1930, Lub Ob Hlis - Lub Peb Hlis - Lub rooj sib tham "20 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm" pib qhib rau hauv Cov Ntawv Sau Tsog "Moscow Writers 'Club, hauv Leningrad House of Press, nyob hauv Central Tsev ntawm Komsomol ntawm Krasnaya Presnya. Nws yuav luag tsis lees paub los ntawm cov nom tswv thiab sau ntawv.
1930, lub Peb Hlis Ntuj - lub premiere ntawm "Bani" nyob rau hauv Meyerhold Theatre yog nrog ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm.
1930, Plaub Hlis Ntuj - los ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm "The Seal and Revolution" luam tawm nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm lub hli, ib daim duab ntawm Mayakovsky nrog kev tshoov siab rau nws ntawm lub ntees ntawm lub 20th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua si raug txiav tawm ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm cov thawj coj.
Kev tuag ua tuag
Vim li cas tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej yog feem ntau nrog nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Lilia Brik, uas muaj hwjchim tsis muaj hwjchim tshaj nws, thiab nrog Veronika Polonskaya, leej twg yog tus txiv, tab sis tus nrog nws xav pib lub neej zoo li qub. Pav Tatyana Yakovleva, uas nyob rau hauv Paris thiab hu ua nws yeej muaj tseeb kev hlub. Txoj kev cia siab ntawm lub sijhawm tawm ntawm lub tragic tau muab yug rau ntau lub versions, nrog rau kev tua neeg ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Chronological rooj Mayakovsky, luv luv narrating txog hnub kawg ntawm tus kws sau paj huam lub neej:
Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj Tim 12, xyoo 1930, nws tau sau ib tsab ntawv ceeb toom zoo nkauj nrog rau cov lus hais txog kev hlub nkoj uas tau tawg ...
Lub Plaub Hlis 14, 1930:
8.00 - nws mus rau hauv telegraph thiab muab ib tug ntawv xov tooj rau T. Yakovleva nyob rau hauv Paris: "Mayakovsky tua nws tus kheej."
8.30 - nws nres rau Veronikoy Polonskoy thiab yog nws nyob hauv nws chav tsev.
9.00 - lawv tuaj mus rau Mayakovsky lub chaw ua haujlwm hauv Lub Tsev Neeg Lub Cev.
9.30 - phau ntawv-tus neeg khaws ntaub ntawv, uas coj cov phau ntawv tau sau los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, tau pom ib tug kws sau paj huam ua ntej ib tug ntxhais hluas.
10.45 - Polonskaya tawm ntawm chav tsev, hais tias nws yog lig rau rehearsal ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam, cog lus tias yuav rov tuaj rau yav tsaus ntuj. Nyob rau ntawm tus ntaiv, nws hnov ib rab koob tshuaj uas tawm hauv chav. Rov qab rov qab, nws pom Mayakovsky dag rau hauv pem teb, nrog rau nws cov ntshav hauv nws lub tsho nyob hauv thaj av ntawm lub plawv. Nws tuag ua ntej tuaj txog ntawm kev kub ntxhov ceev.
Posthumous Vocabulary
Xws li yog keeb kwm ntawm Mayakovsky. Lub chronological cov lus ntawm perpetuating lub cim xeeb ntawm tus kws sau paj huam kuj yog paj.
Qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm Mayakovsky nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tau raug nteg los ntawm Stalin nws tus kheej, leej twg hais tias xyoo 1935 hais tias: "Mayakovsky yog thiab tseem yog tus zoo tshaj, cov paj huam tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub caij nyoog Soviet." Tam sim ntawd tom qab no, tus kws sau paj huam lub npe tau muab rau hauv txoj kev nyob rau hauv ntau lub nroog hauv Union, cov tsev qiv ntawv, cinemas, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub npe ntawm Mayakovsky tau txais:
Xyoo 1935 - qub qub Triumphal Square hauv Moscow;
1938 - Zamoskvoretskaya xov chaw nres tsheb ntawm Moscow lub nroog metro;
Xyoo 1946 - ib lub zos nyob rau thaj tsam Kaliningrad;
Xyoo 1954 - Kev Ua Yeebyam Drama Hauv Nroog Hauv Nroog;
1967 - lub chaw nres tsheb ntawm St. Petersburg cov dej num;
1967 - lub ntiaj teb me me.
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