Yas thiab lawv daim ntawv thov. yas porosity

Ntau hom ntawm yas muab xam cib fim rau cov creation ntawm tej yam lug thiab Cheebtsam. Nws yog tsis muaj coincidence cov ntsiab yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb: los ntawm engineering thiab xov tooj cua engineering rau cov tshuaj thiab ua liaj ua teb. Kav thiab cov Cheebtsam rau machinery, insulating cov ntaub ntawv, housings rau cov khoom siv thiab tsev neeg cov khoom - ib tug txiav txim daim ntawv teev cov dab tsi yuav tsim los ntawm yas.

Lub ntsiab ntau ntau yam

Yas thiab lawv cov kev siv raws li polymers underlie - tej yam ntuj tso los yog hluavtaws. Lawv yog raug rau thaum tshav kub kub, siab, thiab ces ua molding cov khoom ntawm qhov ntau thiab complexity. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog hais tias thaum cov manipulations kom hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom tiav. Tag nrho cov yas yog thermoplastic, uas yog reversible, thiab thermosetting (irreversible).

Reversible ua yas nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ntxiv cov cua kub thiab siab, uas muaj drastic hloov nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis tshwm sim. Lub compression thiab twb los ua ib tug ruaj khoom no yog ib txwm tau mus muag thiab muab nws hloov. Paub cov hom ntawm tej yas (thermoplastic) xws li polyethylene thiab polystyrene. Keeb kwm yog resistant rau xeb, thiab dielectric zog. Nyob rau nws cov hauv paus chaw kav, films, los xij, nws yog dav siv raws li ib tug insulating cov ntaub ntawv uas.

Ntawm styrene rau polystyrene

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm polymerization ntawm styrene twb npaj polystyrene. Los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej tsim lub ntau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm casting los yog pressing. Tej yas yog lug siv rau zus tau tej cov loj qhov chaw thiab cov khoom, xws li tub yees los yog hais txog chav dej. Cov thermosetting yas yog feem ntau siv pressporoshki, laminates, fiber tam yas, uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv ua kom tau ntau qhov chaw.

Yas - heev yooj yim mus siv thiab, nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm uas koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug ntau ntawm npas. Nyob rau hauv lub thermal zog yog cov nram no hom yas :

1. Nias. Nws yog lub feem ntau nrov txoj kev cov khoom los ntawm thermosetting cov ntaub ntawv. Moulding yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb pwm nyob rau hauv high kub thiab siab.
2. Txhaj molding. Qhov no txoj kev yuav ua rau nws tau los mus tsim cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov nrhiav. Rau no tshwj xeeb tso tsheb hlau luam uas muaj molten yas. txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog yus muaj los ntawm siab productivity thiab efficiency.
3. Extrusion. Los ntawm xws ua tau txais ntau yam kev yas khoom, xws li cov kav dej, yarns, cords, films ntawm txawv zog.
4. Tshuab. Qhov no txoj kev - lub sijhawm zoo meej rau tsim ib yam khoom ntawm tej daim ntawv no, uas yuav muaj ib leeg rau ntawm qhov chaw kaw ntawm cov pwm.
5. Stamping. Qhov no txoj kev cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm yas cov ntawv txheeb thiab daim hlau uas tshwj xeeb daim.

polymerization nta

Cov yas yuav tsum tau los ntawm polymerization thiab polycondensation. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj lub monomer molecules yog txuas mus tsim ib lub polymer saw tsis muaj kev tso cai ntawm dej thiab haus dej haus cawv, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - los ntawm-cov khoom raug tsim, tsis yog ua txhua yam rau lub polymer. Ntau txoj kev thiab hom yas polymerization nws tau mus nrhiav tau compositions uas txawv thawj zaug zog. Ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no yog ua si los ntawm qhov tseeb kub thiab lub tshav kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau lub molding muaj pes tsawg leeg polymerize kom zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub polymerization nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb them sai sai mus rau lub residual monomer - tshaj nws cov me, ntau txhim khu kev qha thiab ntev nyob rau hauv lub lag luam yuav tsum tau cov yas.

porosity

Yog hais tias lub polymerization hom tau raug rhuav lawm, nws yuav ua tau kom tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv tas cov khoom. Lawv npuas tshwm sim, kev sib nrauj thiab muaj zog nrog kev nyuaj siab. Muaj ntau hom kev yas porosity:

1. Gas. Nws tshwm sim vim hais tias cov polymerization hom yog ua txhaum, thiab benzoyl peroxide boils. Yog hais tias lub roj pores yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm cov prosthesis, nws yuav tsum tau hloov.
2. Granular porosity tshwm sim vim qhov tshaj polymer hmoov, evaporation ntawm monomer ntawm tus nto ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo los yog tsis txaus mixing ntawm cov yas muaj pes tsawg leeg.
3. Lub porosity ntawm lub compression. Tshwm sim vim hais tias txo qhov ntim ntawm lub polymerizing loj nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv ntawm txaus los khi siab los yog tsis muaj lub molding muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Yuav ua li cas yuav tau xav txog?

Koj yuav tsum tau paub dab tsi hom ntawm yas yog porosity, thiab tiv thaiv kom txhob tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv qhov kawg khoom. Nws yog tsim nyog them sai sai mus rau lub me me porosity rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub prosthesis. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias ntawm ib yam nkaus thiab loj npaum li cas ntawm cov monomer, nyob rau lub porosity yog tsis raug rau polishing. Yog hais tias, thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam nrog rau cov yas tsim sab hauv residual kev nyuaj siab, cov khoom yuav keej. Xws li ib tug teeb meem no tshwm sim vim lub polymerization hom kev ua txhaum, thaum cov kwv yog ntev heev nyob rau hauv lub boiling dej.

Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub deterioration ntawm tus neeg kho tshuab thaj chaw ntawm polymer ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub kawg ua rau cov laus, tab sis vim hais tias cov ntau lawm technology tsim nyog ua raws li tag nrho.

Basic yas - yog dab tsi?

Saib cov ntaub ntawv uas dav siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua bases tshem phaj prostheses. Cov feem nrov hom yooj yim yas yog hluavtaws los luj. Pawg rau bases, feem ntau yog ib tug ua ke ntawm hmoov thiab kua. Thaum lawv tov, lub molding muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tsim uas hardens nthawv los yog nyob rau hauv cov cua kub. Nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv uas yog tau kub-curing los yog nws tus kheej-hardening. Yuav kom yooj yim yas kub polymerization muaj xws li:

• Etacryl (AKP-15);
• akrel;
• ftoraks;
• Akron.

Ntaub ntawv los mus tsim cov hniav yas yog saj zawg zog yas, uas yuav tsum tau raws li ib tug mos mos poob siab-absorbing pawm no ntau npau rau bases. Lawv yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb rau lub cev, nrees kev cob cog rua nrog lub hauv paus ntawm lub prosthesis, muaj yooj thiab ib qhov volume. Cov xws yas eladent noteworthy uas yog meem rau tag nrho prosthesis, thiab ortoksil uas yog tau tau raws li nyob rau hauv siloxane resins.

lub tsev ntaub ntawv

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm yas yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm kev tsim kho, nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov feem nrov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li cov nram qab no:

1. Polymer qhob. Qhov no puas cob, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm thermosetting polymers. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm polymer qhob no yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm epoxy resins. Brittleness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog compensated los ntawm fibrous fillers - asbestos, iav fibers. Polymer qhob yog siv los tsim lug uas yog resistant rau tshuaj.
2. GRP - niaj hnub hom siv yas, uas yog los xij ntawm cov iav fibers, fabrics, linkable polymer. Fiberglass yog tsim rau lub hauv paus ntawm tsom los yog tws fibers thiab fabrics los yog mats.
3. Pem teb cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv hais nrog ntau hom thiab zhidkovyazovyh yob txheej compositions raws li polymers. Lub tsev yog dav thov linoleum rau lub hauv paus ntawm PVC, nrog zoo thermal thiab acoustic rwb thaiv tsev kawm ntawv. Seamless mastic pem teb yuav tsum tsim raws li nyob rau hauv lub pub sib tov nrog lub oligomers.

Yas thiab cov npav

Muaj 5 hom yas, uas muaj lawv cov ntawv:

1. Polyethylene terephthalate (Pete muaj tsab ntawv npav los yog tus tsiaj). Yus muaj los ntawm ua hauj lwm zoo thiab sab daim ntawv thov: siv rau khaws cia ntau yam dej haus, roj, tshuaj pleev ib ce.
2. High ceev polyethylene (HDPE los yog sau tias raws li PE HD). Cov khoom yog yus muaj los ntawm ua hauj lwm zoo, yooj yim, ua hauj kub hloov. Nws yuav siv rau qhov siv thiab ua pov tseg tableware, ntim rau zaub mov cia hnab, cov khoom ua si.
3. Polyvinyl tshuaj dawb (PVC los yog cim raws li V). Los ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog qhov rais profiles, rooj tog zaum qhov chaw, Zaj duab xis rau tshem tawm ceilings, kav, flooring thiab tshaj. Vim hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm Bisphenol A, yas chloride, polyvinyl phthalates yog tsis siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm khoom (ntim, cookware thiab cov zoo li. P.) Rau khaws cia zaub mov.
4. Polyethylene (LDPE los yog npav PEBD). Qhov no tsis tshua muaj nqi khoom siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm lub hnab, khib nyiab hnab, linoleum thiab CDs.
5. Polypropylene (PP muaj alphabetic labeling). Txawv lub dag lub zog, Thaum tshav kub kub kuj, haum rau zus tau tej cov zaub mov ntim, khoom noj khoom haus ntim, cov khoom ua si, koob txhaj tshuaj.

Nrov hom yas - polystyrene thiab polycarbonate. Lawv yog lug siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam industries.

Liaj teb ntawm daim ntawv thov

Ntau hom ntawm yas yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam industries. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yuav tsum mus rau lawv txog tib yam - yooj yim ntawm lub lag luam thiab kev nyab xeeb. Cia peb xav txog tej yam ntawm thermoplastics thiab lawv tau.

Thermosetting yas (rooj)

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug xaus

Nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no tsab xov xwm peb ntsia hom yas thiab lawv daim ntawv thov. Thaum uas siv cov ntaub ntawv yog xam los ntawm ntau yam, xws li los ntawm lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv tag ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm nws cov nqi yas muaj ib tug txaus theem ntawm kev ruaj ntseg, uas muaj nuj nqis broadens lub Scope ntawm nws daim ntawv thov.