Tus txiv neej - ib tug predator los yog herbivore? Kev sib piv ntawm txhom thiab herbivores

Ib tug txiv neej nkag mus rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm heterotrophic kab mob, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug tov hom khoom noj khoom haus, nyob ntawm tus neeg zaub mov noj kom, kev cai cov kev cai thiab kev cai dab qhuas kev ntseeg.

Txhom siv cov nqaij ntawm tus neeg mob. Cleavage thiab haum ntawm nws cov hniav lwj cov khoom yog nqa tawm ntawm lub digestive system muaj tej yam sib txawv. Tib yam siv rau grazing tsiaj: lawv mob huam yus muaj los ntawm ib tug txheej ntawm tej nta. Suffice nws nthuav yog cov qauv ntawm cov tib neeg digestive system: nws Dais me ntsis resemblance rau tus mob huam ntawm Carnivores thiab herbivores. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb piv txhom thiab herbivores, raws li zoo raws li mus piav qhia txog lub peculiarities ntawm tib neeg digestion.

Tsiaj txhu dab tsi noj

Kab mob teej tug mus rau ib tug carnivorous tsiaj, tsis paub li txhom. Cov no muaj xws txog 270 hom nyob rau hauv lub suborders caniformia thiab feliformia. Ib txhia cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb no yog siv nyob rau hauv khoom noj khoom haus xws li nqaij thiab cov nroj tsuag. Lawv yog cov hu ua omnivores. Txhom tub cheev xwm, txwv tsis pub xa mus rau raws li beasts. Muaj yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob, xws li hedgehogs, shrews, grey nas, liab, uas puav prey rau lwm yam tsiaj, tab sis feem ntau ntawm nws lub neej yog siv nyob rau hauv khoom noj khoom haus nroj tsuag los yog tuag organic teeb meem. Lub division ntawm cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv Carnivores, herbivores thiab omnivores es arbitrary. Cov tib hom tau txais mus rau hauv lub txawv txawv ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob, muaj peev xwm hloov koj cov zaub mov, adapting thiab sim kom ciaj sia.

Txoj kev Tib neeg Khoom noj khoom haus

Lawv yog cov ntau haiv neeg thiab yog vim, saum toj no tag nrho, lub teb chaws-kev cai cov kev cai thiab ib tug neeg tus yam ntxwv. Lub anatomical qauv ntawm cov tib neeg nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov digestive system yog paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm lub fact tias nws muaj ntau yam departments yog tau mechanically zom, zom thiab zom zaub mov ntawm ob zaub thiab tsiaj keeb kwm. Qhov no qhia cov nram qab no xaus: lo lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm leej twg no tus txiv neej ib tug predator los yog ib tug herbivore tsiaj, yuav tsis categorical. Yog xav paub, peb tig mus rau lub anatomical thiab morphological nta ntawm lub digestive system ntawm herbivorous, carnivorous tsiaj thiab tib neeg, thiab muab sib piv rau lawv.

Lub digestive system ntawm Carnivores thiab herbivores

Txoj qauv ntawm lub cev pib nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj ntawm ib tug predator thiab nta ntawm nws dentition, uas, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, muaj geterodontny hom. Nws muaj xws li cov incisors, canines, premolars thiab hniav puas. Nyob rau cov kev kho hniav arches muaj diastema, uas ua rau zamkoobraznoe kaw canines. Tsis zoo li herbivorous tsiaj thiab tib neeg, txhom cov qaub ncaug muaj amylase, thiab txhais li cas zaub cov hmoov txhuv nplej yog tsis cleaved nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj. Tsiaj Ncauj occupies feem ntau lub taub hau ntau thiab tsawg pab. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm nres rau ntawm tus neeg mob thiab nws ntxiv Noj.

Herbivores muaj cov nram qab nta ncauj: ib tug me me lub qhov ncauj, npag daim di ncauj thiab tus nplaig muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev zom khoom noj khoom haus maj mam, complex ntoo khaub lig zog ntawm lub mandible. Cov hniav yog tsis zoo differentiated thiab cov qaub ncaug muaj amylase thiab maltase mus ua txhaum down cog carbohydrates. Herbivorous tsiaj muaj ib tug multi-chamber plab. Nws kev sib cais no yog hu ua lub rumen, reticulum, omasum thiab abomasum.

Ncauj thiab lub plab tsiaj

Zom zaub mov ntawm cov tsiaj los yog zaub keeb kwm tshwm sim ntawm geterodontnogo hom hniav. Salivation yog peb cov khub ntawm cov qog. Qaub ncaug, zoo li herbivores, muaj amylase. Lub anatomical qauv ntawm tus neeg, hais txog nws cov digestive system, yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm cov nram qab no nta: khoom noj khoom haus yog tawg nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm proteolytic enzymes, bolus, ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub plab pib yuav tsum tau cleaved los ntawm pepsin, lipase, gastrin. Tsis zoo li txhom muaj siab acidity ntawm pais plab kua txiv, pais plab pH sib npaug zos rau tib neeg ib txwm 4-5. Ib leeg-chamber plab, tsawg voluminous dua cov Carnivores thiab herbivores. Raws li cov qauv ntawm cov saum toj no hais qhov chaw ntawm lub digestive system, rau lo lus nug ntawm tib neeg-Carnivore los yog herbivore, nws yuav sib cav hais tias, nyob rau hauv nws cov anatomical thiab physiological muaj peev xwm nws muaj yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si herbivores thiab npua.

Cov dab nyob rau hauv lub plab carnivorous tsiag ntawv los ntawm cov nram qab no nta: lub hlwb meem hauv lub pais plab kab noj hniav, paim loj nyiaj ntawm acid chloride, uas pub lwj dab. Proteolytic enzymes yog heev kom nquag plias, lub neej puas zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub plab ntawm pH tsawg tshaj li 3 nws kua txiv.

Anatomical thiab physiological cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hnyuv

Kev txhawj xeeb, saum toj no tag nrho, nws tus nqi. Herbivorous tsiaj muaj me me hnyuv yog 25 lub sij hawm ntev tshaj li lawv lub cev thiab ruminant hnyuv nce mus txog 50 meters. Txhom, pub siab calorie nqaij noj mov, muaj ib tug luv luv txaus cov hnyuv (cia li 5-6 lub sij hawm ntev tshaj li lub cev). Tag nrho cov villus cheeb tsam, jejunum thiab ileum hauv ob sab phlu ib feem thiab kom ntseeg tau qhov haum ntawm qabzib, amino acids, fatty acids thiab glycerol nyob rau hauv herbivores yog 14 m ^2, nyob rau hauv ruminants 17 m ^2, tus neeg 12 m ^2. Lub volume ntawm lub homogeneous cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, hu ua chyme. Nws yog tshwj xeeb yog loj herbivores. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub chyme yog ncua rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lawv cov cecum.

Nyias tus tib neeg txoj hnyuv

Yus nyob rau hauv uas lub plab zom mov yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv nws yog heev kom nquag plias (rau hnub 2-3 litres muab sau ua ke plab hnyuv kua txiv), tsiaj proteins uas nqis rau 4-6 teev, zaub - 4-5 teev. Feem ntau cov khoom noj khoom haus cleavage kev ua si yog pom nyob rau hauv duodenum, uas ntws mus rau hauv lub ducts ntawm lub pancreas thiab siab. Nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv yog qho tseem ceeb heev physiological txheej txheem - suction phab ntsa villi piam thaj thiab amino acids nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, thiab glycerol thiab fatty acids nyob rau hauv lub qog.

digestive caj pas

Yuav kom muab siab npuab ob nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj cov zaub mov, yuav tsum tau enzyme system uas muaj peev xwm ntawm degrading cov nqaijrog, carbohydrates thiab lipids. Hoobkas ua biologically active tshuaj, yog feem ntau txiav. Yog li ntawd, tus txiv neej, ib tug predator los yog ib tug herbivore siv pancreatic kua txiv los ntawm lub pancreatic ciav nyob rau hauv lub duodenum mus ua txhaum down cov nqaijrog, carbohydrates thiab nqaijrog. Siab - lub loj tshaj plaws kev digestive caj pas. Nws hlwb - hepatocytes tsim bile. Nws muaj xab npum zog thiab emulsifies rog. Txhom siab ua si ntawm enzymes uas zom cov nqaijrog, cai nyob rau hauv ib tug weakly alkaline medium. Herbivorous kab mob muaj nyob rau hauv pancreatic kua txiv enzymes uas muab siab npuab cellulose, lignin, thiab cov khoom ntawm lawv dissimilation.

Hnyuv loj: cov yam ntxwv nta ntawm ntau yam tsiaj

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsiaj, nws tso cai raws li ib tug dej suction thiab ntsha kev daws teeb meem, synthesis ntawm cov vitamins B thiab kev khiav tawm ntawm quav. Peb ntawm txoj hnyuv loj: lub ascending, transverse thiab nqis nyuv npua luv luv dua cov herbivores, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ruminants. Qhov ntev ntawm txoj hnyuv loj ntawm tus txiv neej 1-2 meters, uas yog ntev tshaj li uas ntawm Carnivores. Nyob rau hauv no ib feem ntawm tus tib neeg plab, zoo ib yam li herbivorous kab mob, muaj loj nyiaj ntawm cov kab mob uas decompose cellulose. Raws li cov aforementioned tseeb, no mas, heev muaj teeb meem assertion tias tus txiv neej - cev nqaij daim tawv-noj kab thiab nws cov digestive system yog zoo dua yoog mus rau kev zom ntawm cov tsiaj protein.

golden mean

Cov heterotrophic kab mob muaj ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tsiaj uas nws digestive kabmob rau tiv nrog lub plab zom mov ntawm ob nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj tej khoom noj. Lawv hu ua omnivores, xws li dais, npua, hedgehog. Ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm kuj tseem daim ntawv no. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib tug miv, full-noj cov zaub mov uas muab peb noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev thiab clarity ntawm lub siab. Lub adherents ntawm vegetarianism ceeb toom tiv thaiv slagging hnyuv metabolites ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm.

Tseeb, protein neej puas khoom no mas lom. Tab sis leej twg rog peb noj nqaij txhua txhua hnub? Leej twg tsis pub pas tuav hnub thiab noj lub sij hawm no los ntawm cov tsiaj cov zaub mov? Yuav ua li cas tsis nco qab cov lus hais tias ntawm lub Delphic oracle: "Cov kev ntsuas ntawm tag nrho cov yam." Tsis muaj tsawg heev rau muaj coob tus neeg, noj mov xwb tsob nroj khoom noj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias tus neeg muaj teeb meem digesting fiber. Tswvyim ntau ntau thiab qhov tseeb yog feem ntau rooj plaub, lus dag qhov chaw nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Thiab lo lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm seb ib tug neeg - ib tug predator los yog ib tug herbivore, peb txhua tus yuav tau nws tus kheej.