Tus qauv ntawm lysosomes thiab lawv lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cellular metabolism

Lub cell yuav suav hais tias raws li ultramicroscopic nyob qauv, muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog tag nrho cov yam ntxwv xam qhovkev rau hauv lub cev. Cellular ntsiab hu ua organelles, ua cov kev ua ntawm cov pa, deev, kev rho tawm, plab zom mov. Lysosomes - ib qho ntawm lub hom organelles. Lawv yog cov odnomembrannym lug thiab kev khiav dej num uas muaj feem rau cov kev zom ntawm yam thiab tag nrho cov cell ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no peb kawm cov qauv ntawm lysosomes thiab piav qhia txog lawv cov luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub livelihood ntawm lub hlwb.

Raws li tsim organelles

Sawv cev odnomembrannye vacuoles sau nrog digestive enzymes, lysosomes yog tsim nyob rau hauv tso tsheb hlau luam Golgi complex thiab hu ua thawj. Lub raws lawv tawm hauv lub tshuab nyob rau hauv lub cell cytoplasm. Thaum puas lysosomes cytostructure pib nqus los yog zom cov organic teeb meem, lawv tau txais theem nrab lub npe.

Cov organelles yog lawm ua tus sau nrog daws ntawm enzymes uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cleavage ntawm carbohydrate molecules, glycolipids thiab proteins. Hais tias theem nrab lysosomes muaj xws biologically active tshuaj xws li proteases, lipases thiab sulfurylase. Lub internals ntawm lub organelle muaj pH tsawg tshaj li 7, txij thaum lub saum toj no enzymes yog active nyob rau hauv ib tug acid ib puag ncig. Organelles muaj peev xwm ntawm endocytosis los yog pinocytosis. Tsim lysosomes nyob lom zem ntau rau cov kev cov nqaijrog nyob rau hauv ib lub cell tsim nyob rau raws ntawm granular endoplasmic reticulum.

Cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm cov matrix qauv thiab lysosomes

Ntxiv mus kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lysosomes, xav txog raws nraim li cas tshuaj tsim lawv nrog ib puag ncig. Enzyme complex muaj cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog: phosphorylase (cleaves amino acids), glucosidase (ua rau piam thaj, cellulose, starch) thiab lipase (molecular kom puas tsuaj rog, steroids).

Tus kheej organelle membrane yog resistant mus rau saum toj hais enzymes. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, nws yuav raug rau lawv txiav txim, uas ua rau yus autolysis - self-xaus ntawm daim nyias nyias, yog li ntawd txhoj puab heev tshuaj matrix poured rau hauv lub cell cytoplasm. Qhov no ua rau nws tus kheej-digestion.

organelle muaj nuj nqi

Nws yog zoo dua lub npe hu li cas ib qho tseem ceeb dab nyob rau hauv metabolic tshua qhia cov pov tseg ntawm pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv los yog daim ntawm cellular lug, xws li qub mitochondria, ribosomes. High enzymatic kev ua ntawm organelles pom nyob rau hauv cov hlwb, hu ua phagocytic. Nws yog saum toj no tag nrho cov qauv ntawm lub cev: basophils, macrophages, qe, B lymphocytes. Primary lysosomes nyob rau hauv cov hlwb txaus loj (txog li 0.5 microns). Lawv muaj enzymes xws li ribonuclease, protease, DNase. Tej qauv yog piav raws li nram no: hlwb muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis, cleaved feem ntau cov kab mob thiab kab mob no hais muaj cov nqaijrog thiab ribonucleic acids.

Interestingly mechanism uas muab proteolytic ua si organelles. Txawv teb chaws hais los yog molecules yog chiv daig vacuole. Nrog nws merges thawj lysosome, uas tawm hydrolytic enzymes. Tam sim no qhov no organelle hu ua lub lysosome theem nrab pib nquag zom tau txais los ntawm lub matrix khoom. Lub cleavage khoom ntxiv diffuse rau hauv lub hlwb hyaloplasm thiab undigested seem cia tsis pub dhau organelles, uas yog tam sim no hu ua lub residual hlwb. Qhov saum toj no qauv ntawm lub lysosomes ntawm ntau hom thiab piav txog cov ntsiab cai ntawm cov cellular lug.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm organelles nyob rau hauv metabolic tshua ntawm tib neeg lub cev

Yog hais tias enzymes nyob rau hauv lub lysosomes ua txaus, muaj yog ib tug tsis txaus lawv, uas ua rau yus mus rau mob hnyav raws roj ntsha cov kab mob, xws li metachromatic leukodystrophy. Tus qauv ntawm lysosomes nyob rau hauv no pathology txo. Nyob rau hauv lawv matrix uas ploj lawm los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tsaug zog lub xeev sulfatase - cleaving enzymes cerebrosides. Raws li cov khoom ntawm metabolism nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm lub paj hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg, lawv yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg, tab sis cov tsis muaj tsim nyog enzymes ua rau txuam nrog ntawm cov tebchaw nyob rau hauv lub neuroglia thiab hyaloplasm neurocytes. Qhov no ua rau toxicity nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg uas ntaub ntawv rau lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim - txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev txawv txav thiab muaj hlwb ruamqauj.

Yog li, odnomembrannye organelle lub luag hauj lwm rau lub plab zom mov ntawm tshuaj, ua si ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cell metabolism. Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm peb tau kawm cov qauv ntawm cov lysosomes, peb tau pom lawv tus cwj pwm thiab tus nqi nyob rau hauv cell kev ua si thiab tag nrho tib neeg lub cev raws li ib tug tag nrho.