Golgi complex

Golgi complex twb nrhiav tau los ntawm Kamillo Goldzhi nyob rau hauv 1898. Qhov no qauv yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm zoo siv tag nrho cov eukaryotic (ntau dua cov kab mob no yam) ntawm hlwb, tshwj xeeb yog secretory hlwb nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj.

Golgi complex. Qauv.

Qauv yog ib pawg ntawm cov flattened hnab week. Lawv yog cov hu ua cisterns. Qhov no pawg ntawm cov hnab yog txuam nrog ib tug system ntawm cov hlwv (npuas Golgi). tsis tu ncua tshwm sim lub tsim ntawm tshiab tso tsheb hlau luam fusion hlwv uas pib tawg paj los ntawm cov endoplasmic reticulum (kab noj hniav network) los ntawm ib kawg sib tsub sib nias ntawm lub hnab. Los ntawm lwm tiav maturation thiab npuas yaj dua nyob rau hauv tib lub kawg ntawm lub pawg mus rau lub puab sab ntawm lub tank. Yog li muaj ib tug gradual zog ntawm tus tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv lub toj mus rau sab hauv sab ntawm lub txheej sab.

Lub tank qauv tshwm sim maturation ntawm cov nqaijrog destined rau secretion ntawm transmembrane cov nqaijrog ntawm cov ntshav membrane cov nqaijrog ntawm lysosomes thiab lwm tus neeg. Ripening ua hauj lawm yog tsiv sequentially Tank organelles. Nyob rau hauv lawv muaj ib tug zaum kawg folding ntawm cov nqaijrog thiab lawv hloov - ntsev thiab glycosylation.

Cog hlwb yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib tug neeg dictyosomes (sib tsub sib nias). Nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj hlwb feem ntau muaj ntau yam sib tsub sib nias kev cob cog rua hlab los yog ib tug loj pawg.

Apparatus (complex) Golgi muaj plaub lub ntsiab seem: lub trans-Golgi network, cis-Golgi apparatus, cov trans-Golgi thiab Golgi xov xwm. Los ntawm cov qauv txuas kuj yuav ib nrab compartment (cais cheeb tsam). Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm daim nyias nyias hlwv ntawm reitkulumom thiab cis-Golgi.

Tag nrho apparatus yog ib tug organelle heev polymorphic (multiform). Txawm nyob rau ntawm ntau theem ntawm ib tug cell ntawm Golgi complex yuav muaj ib tug txawv saib.

Txawv apparatus thiab asymmetry. Yog nyob ze zog mus rau lub cell nucleus tank (cis-Golgi) muaj lub feem ntau tsis paub qab hau proteins. Rau tso tsheb hlau luam uas txuas tsis tu ncua membrane hlwv - hlwv. Nyob rau ntau lub tso tsheb hlau luam muaj ntau yam neeg nyob enzymes (catalytic), uas yuav qhia tau tias lawv tuaj los ntawm lub maturing protein li qhia siv kuj txawv dab.

Golgi complex. Muaj nuj nqi.

Lub homphiaj ntawm cov qauv muaj xws li tshuaj kev hloov kho thiab thauj tej nkag mus rau hauv nws. Cov nqaijrog tob tob mus rau hauv lub apparatus los ntawm lub endoplasmic reticulum yog thawj zaug substrate rau lub enzyme. Los concentration thiab kev hloov kho enzymes nyob rau hauv cov hlwv thauj mus rau ib tus neeg kawm ntawv. Piv txwv li, qhov no tej zaum yuav ib thaj tsam ntawm tsim ntawm tshiab buds. Nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm cytoplasmic microtubules hloov txheej txheem yog feem ntau kom nquag plias.

Golgi apparatus kuj ua cov hauj lwm ntawm kev twb kev txuas ntawm carbohydrate moieties rau cov nqaijrog thiab lub tom ntej siv cov nqaijrog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm week thiab lysosomes ntawm lub hlwb.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam algae nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm tus dais qauv ntawm cellulosic fibers.

Golgi complex zog yog heev ntau yam. Cov lawv yuav tsum yuav tseem ceeb:

1. Qhov, ntaus, txuam nrog ntawm secretory khoom.
2. Txuam ntawm lipid molecules thiab tsim ntawm lipoproteins.
3. Tiav ntawm protein kev hloov kho (posttranslational) xws li glycosylation, sulphation thiab lwm yam.
4. Cov tsim ntawm lysosomes.
5. Kev Koom Tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub acrosome.
6. Lub polysaccharide synthesis rau cov tsim ntawm waxes, glycoproteins, mucilages, cov pos hniav, matrix tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub cell phab ntsa ntawm cov nroj tsuag (pectins, hemicellulose, thiab lwm tus).
7. Contractile vacuole tsim nyob rau hauv qhov nyuaj.
8. cell phaj tsim nyob rau hauv cog hlwb tom qab division ntawm lub nucleus.