Tsim, Secondary kev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv
Nplooj: muaj nuj nqi kev piav qhia thiab kev teeb tsa. Tso cai ntawm vascular bundles nyob rau hauv cov nplooj
Noj thiab ua tsis taus pa - cov tseem ceeb heev functions muaj peev xwm ntawm cov nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Hmab thiab cacti, grasses thiab dej lilies - txhua tus ntawm cov nroj tsuag muab nws ib tug tshwj xeeb saib ntawm nplooj.
Sheet - sab ib feem ntawm qhov tua
Khiav ntawm tej tsob nroj muaj xws li axial qhov chaw - tus kav, uas yog txuas mus rau daim ntawv - lub sab feem. Qhov no arrangement tso cai daim ntawv los tuav lub feem ntau dej siab rau txoj hauj lwm nrog rau kev hwm rau lub hnub. Tus duab thiab luaj li cas ntawm nplooj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Piv txwv li, cov nroj tsuag noo tej yam ntuj tso chaw muaj nplooj nrog loj nplooj tuaj rau ib tug ntau khaus dej evaporation txheej txheem. Yog hais tias ib tsob nroj hlob nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas muaj ib tug qhuav kev nyab xeeb, cov dej nws twb tsis muaj yog vim li cas kuv yuav poob. Yog li ntawd, cov nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau me me thiab nyias. Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas ntse ntsuav xwm tsim ib daim ntawv teev, uas nta yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu.
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib co nplooj tej zaum yuav hloov zoo nrog hloov ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob. Tag nrho cov paub arrowhead nyob rau hauv dej muaj ib tug xov zoo li zoo ntawm cov nplooj. Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias qhov no lub cev yuav tsis ua mob rau ib tug muaj zog txaus ntawm cov dej. Thaum cov dej yuav tsis tshua muaj thiab ib co nplooj tuag nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw loj hlob xub-zoo li tus nplooj. Lawv photosynthetic nto yog loj npaum li cas, thiab yog li ntawd, qhov uas yuav ntawm cov ciaj sia taus nroj tsuag markedly nce.
lwm cov qauv
Cov ntawv muaj lamina thiab kav, los ntawm cov uas yog txuas mus rau tus kav. Ib txhia nplooj yog deprived ntawm lub qia thiab qhov chaw ntawm lawv txuas ua hauj lwm pab raws li lub hauv paus ntawm lub nplooj hniav. Tej nplooj yog hu ua sessile.
Txhua nplooj hniav nws muaj nws tus kheej txoj kev ntawm dismemberment. Yog li, tus-edged nplooj ntawm willow, ntoo qhib - pinnatilobate thiab dandelion - pinnatipartite. Txhua leej txhua tus paub palmate nplooj ntawm chestnut thiab trifoliate clover.
nrog cov qauv
Muaj nuj nqi nplooj nroj tsuag txuas nrog lub peculiarities ntawm nws cov sab hauv kev teeb tsa. Sab nraum yog ib tug nyob investing cov ntaub so ntswg - daim tawv nqaij. Nws tsuas tsis tiv thaiv daim ntawv. Metabolic zog, evaporation ntawm dej thiab nkev pauv ua stomata - tshwj xeeb daim tawv nqaij lug. Lawv muaj flaps uas yuav qhib thiab kaw nyob rau cov kev xav tau ntawm tus txheej txheem siv.
Lub ib thooj ntawm ib daim ntawv uas muaj cov chlorophyll thiab cia ntaub so ntswg. Nws tsim loj khw muag khoom noj dej nrog ib tug daws ntawm as-ham thiab nqa tawm ib tug tham cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis.
Haum thiab lub zog ntawm tshuaj - cov zog nplooj nroj tsuag muab conductive ntaub. Lawv sawv cev los ntawm lub xylem, cov hlab ntsha thiab tracheids uas tshwm sim upward tam sim no. Lwm ntawm nws hom yog cov phloem, yog lub luag hauj lwm rau tus txheem tam sim no tshuaj - downward. Tom qab tag nrho qab zib nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov hnub ci zog, yog tsim nyog rau tag nrho cov cog nruab nrog cev, xws li lub hauv paus.
Txij li thaum xws li ib tug complex hloov raws li zog ntawm daim ntawv cov ntaub ntawv uas yog tawm tsam, conductive ntsiab ntawm nws cov system yog sau rau hauv bundles.
Cov lug yog them nrog hais ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab ntaub so ntswg thiab ua ke tsim fibrovascular bundles. Tsuas hu lawv cov leeg.
Vim li no cov qauv, lub conductive beams nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ua raws li ua hauj lawm ntawm lub zog, thiab ib tug yuav txhawb tau thiab txhua yam.
venation
Cov vascular bundles yuav pom nrog tus liab qab qhov muag. Nyob rau daim ntawv phaj lawv tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb cim txawv, zoo li tib neeg cov yiv tes. Ntawm no yog lwm cov kev ua ntawm lub beam nyob rau hauv lub nplooj.
Muaj ob peb hom venation. Net nkag txiav txim los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub ntsiab leeg uas ncaim me me, txoj kev mesh. Muaj tseeb tag nrho pom daim duab no nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawm txiv moj mab, txiv duaj los yog lws suav.
Lily thiab hom qoob mog muaj nyias nplooj, stems uas yog nyob nyob ib sab mus rau txhua lwm yam. Qhov no hom yog hu ua thaum uas tig mus. Tab sis cov leeg ntawm nplooj Lily ntawm cov hav zoo li lub Arc - qhov no yog qhov arc venation.
Tsis hais txog ntawm lub hom arrangement ntawm vascular bundles nyob rau hauv cov nplooj pab li, tsis muaj uas cog lub neej yuav tsuas tsis yooj yim sua.
hom ntawm nplooj
Cov nplooj yog tseem txwv kom muab zais raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov nplooj tuaj. Cias xa mus rau raws li cov nplooj rau ib phaj. Txiv duaj, txiv moj mab, Maple, lungwort - cov no yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog tej yam yooj yim nplooj. Tiabsis cov nplooj yog acacia, Walnut, alfalfa. Lawv muaj xws li ob peb nplooj tuaj uas txuas mus rau cov tib petiole.
Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev ua ntawm daim ntawv
Nrog rau cov nplooj zaum vegetative hais tawm. Nws essence yog cais nws los ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob multicellular ib feem. Nyob rau hauv tsev, ces koj yuav muab los yog violet Zigokaktus.
Tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag thiab transpiration - tus txheej txheem ntawm evaporation ntawm cov dej. Yog hais tias nws tsis tshwm sim, cov nroj tsuag kab mob tuag. Txij li thaum tus kub ntawm cov internal ib puag ncig ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag nceeg vaj yog nyob rau ntawm ambient kub, lawv tau yooj yim overheat.
Cov nplooj ntawm ib co nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm ua mutate. Yog li, taum mog antennae kom nws txuas mus rau ib tug khoom them nyiaj yug, cactus spines tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau noo noo poob, fleshy nplooj ntawm paam dlev Vera kom ib tug dej nrog cov as-ham.
Ntsuab daim ntawv: planetary qhov tseem ceeb ntawm
Ntxiv nta ntawm daim ntawv yog ob tug rov qab txheej txheem - ntawm photosynthesis thiab respiration.
Ua tsis taus pa - haum ntawm cov pa thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide pa. Nws yog ib tug tsim nyog mob rau lub hav zoov ntawm tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob thiab yog cov yam ntxwv rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm zoo siv tag nrho cov kingdoms ntawm qhov.
Photosynthesis - lub tsim ntawm cov organic tshuaj los ntawm inorganic vim mus rau lub teeb lub zog. Qhov no txoj kev muaj peev xwm tshwm sim tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov nplooj, txij li thaum lawv muaj cov ntsuab xim chlorophyll. Rau nws cov kev siv yuav tsum tau cov pa roj carbon dioxide, uas yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug txaus tus nqi thaum lub sij hawm ua tsis taus pa. Ib tug tsim nyob rau carbohydrate piam thaj thiab oxygen los ntawm photosynthesis.
Yog tsis muaj exaggeration, peb yuav pom zoo tias tus ntsuab ntawv yog ib tug tiag tiag Hoobkas uas ua tsis tau tsuas yog tshuaj, tab sis kuj muab tag nrho lub neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb no, rau qhov tsim nyog tej yam kev mob rau lub neej.
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