Tus qauv ntawm cov ntshav membrane nyob rau hauv kom meej

Hlwb nroj tsuag, fungi thiab cov tsiaj muaj xws li ntawm peb lub Cheebtsam xws li cov nucleus, cytoplasm nrog nyob therein thiab inclusions organelles thiab ntshav membrane. Cov ntsiav yog lub luag hauj lwm rau khaws cia genetic khoom kaw rau lub DNA, thiab kuj tswj tag nrho cov dab hlwb. Lub cytoplasm muaj organelles, txhua tus uas muaj nws tus kheej nta, xws li, piv txwv li, synthesis ntawm cov organic tshuaj, cellular ua pa, cell plab zom mov, thiab li ntawm. D. Ib tug tivthaiv ntawm lub yav tas yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv ntau yam nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov daim nyias nyias hauv ib?

Nyob rau hauv tej yam yooj yim cov ntsiab lus, nws yog lub plhaub. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis yog ib txwm tag impenetrable. Yuav luag ib txwm nws pub tej yam tshuaj thauj los ntawm daim nyias nyias.

Nyob rau hauv cytology membrane yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob lub ntsiab hom. Tus thawj - yog cov ntshav membrane uas npog lub cell. Qhov thib ob - ib tug membrane organelles. Muaj organelles uas muaj ib los yog ob week. Los ntawm odnomembrannym xws li cov Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, lysosomes. Los ntawm dvumembrannym yuav plastids thiab mitochondria.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub week yuav ua tau ob qho tib si hauv organelles. Feem ntau nws yog lub puab membrane dvumembrannyh derivatives organelles.

Yuav ua li cas yog dvumembrannyh membrane organelles?

Nyob rau hauv plastids thiab mitochondria ob zoo li. Cov txheej membrane organelles ob tus, tab sis tus sab hauv ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau cov hauj lwm ntawm lub organelle qauv.

Yog li, mitochondrial plhaub tau inward projections - cristae los yog ridges. Rau lawv thiab muaj ib lub voj voog ntawm tshuaj tsim nyog rau cell respiration.

Muab los ntawm lub puab membrane ntawm chloroplasts yog disk-zoo li tus pouches - thylakoids. Lawv sau nyob rau hauv pawg - grana. Muab ib tug neeg ntsej muag sib thooj, los ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib tug lamella - ntev lug kuj tsim los ntawm cov week.

Tus qauv ntawm lub lub week ntawm organelles odnomembrannyh

Nyob rau hauv cov organelles, daim nyias nyias ib leeg. Nws yog feem ntau ib tug tus lub hnab ntawv uas muaj lipids thiab proteins.

Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov ntshav membrane ntawm lub cell

Lub membrane muaj tshuaj xws li lipids thiab proteins. Tus qauv ntawm cov ntshav membrane muab nws thickness nyob rau hauv lub 7-11 nm. Lub ib thooj ntawm daim nyias nyias lipids comprise.

Tus qauv ntawm cov ntshav membrane muab cov muaj nyob rau hauv nws ntawm ob khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Thawj - ib tug muab ob npaug rau txheej ntawm phospholipids, thiab lub thib ob - txheej proteins.

Lub lipids ntawm cov ntshav membrane

Lipids, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov ntshav membrane, raug muab faib ua peb pawg: steroids, sphingophospholipids thiab glycerophospholipids. lub tom kawg molecule yog muaj li ntawm ib tug trihydric cawv glycerol residue, nyob rau ob ntawm Hydrogen atoms ntawm hydroxyl pawg neeg pawg nrog fatty acid chains, thaum lub sij hawm feem peb ntawm Hydrogen atom ntawm ib tug hydroxyl pab pawg neeg - phosphoric acid residue, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, koom lub qhov seem ntawm ib tug ntawm cov nitrogenous bases.

Glycerophospholipids molecule yuav tau muab faib ua ob qhov chaw: ib lub taub hau thiab tus Tsov tus tw. Hydrophilic lub taub hau (.. Xws li, insoluble nyob rau hauv cov dej), thiab tails - hydrophobic (lawv ua dej, tab sis soluble nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents). Vim li no cov qauv yuav tsum tau hu ua glycerophospholipids amphiphilic molecule, m. F., Thiab hydrophobic thiab hydrophilic ib txhij.

Sphingophospholipids zoo xws li cov nyob rau hauv tshuaj cov qauv rau glycerophospholipids. Tab sis lawv txawv los ntawm lub saum toj no uas nyob rau hauv cov qauv es tsis txhob ntawm qhov seem ntawm glycerol muaj ib tug seem ntawm dej cawv sphingosine. Lawv molecules kuj muaj tej taub hau thiab tails.

Cov duab hauv qab no kom meej meej pom qauv daim duab ntawm cov ntshav membrane.

Cov nqaijrog ntawm cov ntshav membrane

Raws li rau cov nqaijrog teej tug mus rau cov qauv ntawm cov ntshav membrane, nws yog feem ntau glycoproteins.

Nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm lub plhaub yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob pawg: peripheral thiab ib. Tus thawj - cov uas muaj rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub membrane, thiab lub thib ob - yog cov neeg uas txeem tag nrho thickness ntawm lub plhaub thiab yog nyob rau hauv lub lipid txheej.

Nyob ntawm seb lub zog ua los ntawm cov nqaijrog, lawv yuav tsum tau muab faib ua plaub pawg: enzymes, cov yam ntxwv, thauj thiab receptor.

Tag nrho cov proteins uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov ntshav membrane yog tsis sib txuam nrog phospholipids. Yog li ntawd lawv yuav tsiv mus nyob dawb nyob rau hauv rau lub hauv paus txheej ntawm daim nyias nyias, sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv pab pawg, thiab hais txog. D. ntawd yog vim li cas cov qauv ntawm cov ntshav membrane ntawm hlwb tsis tau hu ua zoo li qub. Nws yog dynamic, raws li yog ib txwm hloov.

Yuav ua li cas lub luag hauj lwm puas muaj tus cell daim nyias nyias?

Tus qauv ntawm cov ntshav membrane tso cai rau nws mus tiv nrog lub tsib zog.

Cov thawj thiab lub ntsiab - txwv tsis pub cov cytoplasm. Nrog rau qhov no cell muaj ib tug tsis tu ncua zoo thiab loj. Tus tua ntawm no muaj nuj nqi yog muab los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias robust ntshav membrane thiab ywj.

Qhov thib ob lub luag hauj lwm - muab cell-cell hu. Vim nws yooj cov ntshav membrane ntawm cov tsiaj hlwb yuav tsim protuberances thiab folds nyob rau ntawm lawv cov pob qij txha.

Cov tom ntej no muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub cell daim nyias nyias - thauj. Nws ensured los ntawm tshwj xeeb proteins. Ua tsaug rau lawv, yam lub tshuaj yuav thauj mus rau hauv lub cell thiab pov tseg - pov tseg ntawm nws.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov ntshav membrane ua lub enzymatic muaj nuj nqi. Nws kuj nqa tawm ua tsaug rau cov proteins.

Thiab lub xeem muaj nuj nqi - tswb. Vim hais tias cov proteins uas raug rau tej yam kev mob tej zaum yuav hloov tau lawv lub spatial qauv, cov ntshav membrane ntawm hlwb yuav xa Pib ntsais koj teeb.

Tam sim no koj paub tag nrho cov week: Yuav ua li cas yog cov daim nyias nyias biology, dab tsi lawv yog, yuav ua li cas los mus tsim cov ntshav membrane thiab daim nyias nyias organelles, uas tso cai lawv ua.