Tub rog campaigns Sviatoslav luv luv

Raws li cov ancient keeb kwm, Svyatoslav - lub xwb tub yug los rau lub zoo union ntawm tub huabtais Igor nrog Olga. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm nws lub neej nws tau siv nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog. Public affairs thiab domestic txoj cai nws yog zoo tsis muaj kev txaus siab. Cov tshuaj xws li tej teeb meem tub huabtais kiag entrusted nws paub qab hau niam txiv. Yog li ntawd Svyatoslav hiking piav me ntsis txog nyuaj txaus, vim hais tias nws txhua txhua hnub - nws yog ib tug sib ntaus sib tua. Raws li evidenced los ntawm chroniclers, ua tsov ua rog yog nws kev txiav txim zoo ntawm lub neej, ib tug mob siab rau, tsis muaj uas nws yuav tsis muaj nyob.

fighter lub neej

Hiking Sviatoslav pib thaum tus tub hluas yog plaub xyoos. Yog tias thaum nws niam, Olga coj tag nrho rau pauj Drevlianys brutally uas tua nws tus txiv Igor. Los ntawm kev lig kev cai, lub sib ntaus sib tua yuav tsuas yuav tau taws los ntawm tub huabtais. Thiab ces tes nws me tub raug pov hmuv, muab rau cov thawj thiaj li mus rau lub tub cheev xwm.

Luj taws, Svyatoslav coj lub reins nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes. Cuaj kaum, nws yog yuav luag tag nrho cov sij hawm siv nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog. Nws yog rho nrog rau ntau cov nta hais rau cov nyob sab Europe knights.

Tub rog campaigns ntawm Svyatoslav yeej tsis pib poob nthav. Tub huabtais yeej tsuas nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj ncees sib ntaus, yeej ib txwm ceeb toom ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nres. Nws cov tub cheev xwm twb mus tsis tshua muaj neeg ceev ceev li hiking Sviatoslav - ib tug txiv neej tsis paub luxuries twb laus nrog saib xyuas los ntawm laub thiab tents, uas yuav qeeb. Lub commander nws tus kheej nyiam ntau heev hwm ntawm cov tub rog, nws muab qhia lawv noj mov thiab lub neej.

lub Khazars

Qhov no Turkic pawg neeg nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Dagestan. Nws nrhiav tau nws tus kheej lub teb chaws - Kaganat. Ib yam li lwm pab pawg neeg, lub Khazars kov yeej txawv teb chaws pawg neeg thaj av, tsis tu ncua raiding lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ze. Khanate yog tau kov yeej thiab Vyatichi Radimichi, northerners thiab glades, uas tom qab dhau nyob rau hauv nws txoj cai raug yuam kom them ib tug mus tas tribute. Tag nrho cov no mus rau kom txog thaum txog thaum lawv maj mam pib tso lub rulers ntawm ancient Russia.

Muaj ntau ntawm lawv muaj ib tug ntev tawm tsam nrog cov Turkic nomadic pawg neeg, uas coj qhov chaw uas ua tau zoo. Ib qho ntawm feem battles nto moo yuav raug xam tias yog ib tug phiaj los nqis tes Svyatoslav Khazars muaj nyob rau hauv lub 964th xyoo.

Lavxias teb sab phoojywg nyob rau hauv lub phiaj los nqis tes yog cov Pechenegs, uas Kiev None tiv thaiv dua. Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog mus txog lub Khanate capital, pomzoo lub zos kav thiab nws pab tub rog coob, raws li txoj kev capturing ob peb zos loj.

Lub yeej ntawm lub Khazars

Duke txoj hau kev ciav nyob rau hauv nws cov breadth thiab kom loj hlob. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias tag nrho cov txawv xaiv yaam kev kawm ntawv campaigns Svyatoslav. Jot lawv, raws li cov chroniclers, nws muaj peev xwm yuav piav raws li ib tug qhib kev sib tw rau cov tsiaj.

Kuv tsis muaj kev zam thiab lub Khazar phiaj los nqis tes. Svyatoslav twb xav nyob rau hauv ib yam: mus nrhiav cov hostile lub xeev uas nyob puag ncig lub ancient Rus, lub weakest link. Nws yuav tsum tau muab cais malevolent cov neeg nyob ze thiab corroded puab "xeb."

Lub fact tias nws yog lub sij hawm mus coj cov Khazar txhav tas cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov lag luam tawm nrog rau sab hnub tuaj, nws twb hais tias rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, lub yeej rau Russia Khanate yog tsuas yog ib tug yuav tsum muaj. Tub ceevxwm zog ntawm tus princes ntawm Kiev nyob rau outskirts ntawm lub Slavic pawg neeg thaj av (lawv dawm rau vyatichi). Yog vim li cas yog hais tias cov tom kawg txuas ntxiv mus them tribute mus rau lub Khazars. Yuav kom kis tau lawv nyob rau hauv Kiev, thaum xub thawj nws yog tsim nyog los muab pov tawm lub quab ntawm Vyatichi kaganatskoe.

Svyatoslav phiaj los nqis tes tiv thaiv tsis tau cov Khazars yog sib txawv heev los ntawm yav dhau los daring raids rau pob tw thiab raug. Tub huabtais lub sij hawm no crept mus rau lub ciam teb rau lwm Khanate maj, tos rau txhua Allied tig. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau puag ncig lub invading yeeb ncuab rog unfriendly rau lawv ntawm cov neeg thiab pab pawg neeg.

tactics

Svyatoslav phiaj los nqis tes tiv thaiv tsis tau cov Khazars yog ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog lug. Yuav pib, tus tub huabtais tsiv mus rau sab qaum teb, tau kov yeej nyob Kaganate Slavic pab pawg neeg Vyatichi thiab freeing lawv los ntawm tus ntawm cov Khazar. Heev sai sai hloov los ntawm ib lub nkoj nyob rau hauv lub txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Oka pos hniav, cov tub cheev xwm sailed nrog lub Volga. Swb nyob pab pawg neeg ntawm cov Khazars thiab Volga Bulgars Burtases Svyatoslav li muab txhim khu kev qha kev ruaj ntseg rau nws sab qaum teb flank.

Khazars tsis xav tias yuav nres los ntawm lub sab qaum teb. Lawv disorganized no maneuver, thiab yog li ntawd lawv twb tsis tau txaus npaj lub tiv thaiv. Meanwhile Sviatoslav phiaj los nqis tes mus rau Khazaria. Ncav lub capital ntawm Khanate - Itil, tus tub huabtais rov hais tias sim los mus tiv thaiv lub nroog thiab cov tub rog nyob rau hauv ib tug tsiv sib ntaus sib tua tsoo nws.

Hiking Sviatoslav txuas ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub North Caucasus cheeb tsam. Ntawm no, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Kiev, yeej lwm muaj zog point ntawm lub Turkic nomadic pawg neeg - lub fortress Samandar. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm yuav tsum yeej xwb Kasogs thiab yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub Taman ceg av qab teb, tus tshiab nqi zog nrog tus thawj lub npe - Tmutarakan, nrog nws capital - lub nroog-fortress Matarhoy. Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 965, lub xyoo rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug ancient kev sib hais haum.

pab tub rog Svyatoslav

Vaj Keeb Kwm cov ntaub ntawv piav txog tus biographical cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg pej xeem nrog Duke, yog heev me me. Tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias cov tub rog campaigns ntawm Svyatoslav considerably ntxiv dag zog rau Kievan Rus, yog tshaj tsis ntseeg. Thaum lub sij hawm nws reign, txuas ntxiv unification ntawm lub Slavic pawg neeg thaj av.

Mus pw hav zoov Svjatoslav igorevich txawv rapidity thiab combining yam ntxwv. Nws sim ua kom puas rau tus yeeb ncuab rog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw - nyob rau hauv ob los yog peb battles interspersing sib ntaus sib tua ceev ceev Maneuvering lawv cov rog. Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Kiev, skillfully siv cov quarrels thiab tsis pom zoo ntawm Byzantium thiab subservient rau nws nomadic pab pawg neeg. Nws xaus lus nrog qhov tseeb mus ib ntus alliances nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm rau defeat tus tub rog ntawm nws lub ntsiab tus nrog sib ntaus.

Hiking Sviatoslav tas preceded by reconnaissance ib pab tub rog ntawm scouts. Lawv paub tab muaj xws li cov luag num tsis tau tsuas yog los saib xyuas cov, tab sis kuj yuav noj neeg raug kaw thiab cov neeg hauv zos, zoo li xa tug txivneej mus tshuaj tus yeeb ncuab unit kom muab tau cov tseem ceeb cov lus qhia. Thaum cov tub rog mus so nyob ib ncig ntawm lub yeej zov tshaaj.

Tsos tub huabtais Svyatoslav, feem ntau pib nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum lub pas dej thiab cov niam dej muaj dissected los ntawm cov dej khov. Lawv txuas ntxiv mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Infantry tsiv los ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv tej nkoj nquam, lub cavalry - raws ntug dej hiav txwv, los ntawm thaj av.

Svyatoslav mus xyuas squads txib los ntawm nws tus txiv Igor Sveneld, nyob rau hauv uas nws coj noj coj ua tau nws cov tub rog los ntawm cov Vikings. tus tub huabtais nws tus kheej, raws li tus chroniclers ua tim khawv, muab hais kom ua ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Kiev, yeej tsis xav mus ntiav cov Vikings, txawm hais tias favored nws. Thiab nws yog ib tug neeg tuag taus zoo tshaj rau nws yog tawm ntawm lawv txhais tes, thiab nws tau tuag.

riam phom tub rog

Offensive tactics thiab lub tswv yim thiab elaborated los ntawm tus tub huabtais. Lawv cleverly ua ke ntawm kev siv cov heev heev tub rog maneuver thiab xob laim point txiav txim Equestrian squads. Peb yuav hais tias nws yog hiking Svyatoslav launched ib lub tswv yim los yeej tau cov yeeb ncuab rau nws tus kheej hauv av.

Kiev combatants twb armed nrog hmuv rau cov tibneeg, muab ob npaug rau-edged swords thiab sib ntaus sib tua-axes. Tus thawj muaj ob hom - sib ntaus sib tua, nrog hnyav hlau nplooj-tswv yim, raug tua rau qhov ntev ncej; thiab ntuav - Sulitsa uas ho sib zog nyob rau hauv ceeb thawj. Lawv pelted lub nce yeeb ncuab infantry los yog cavalry.

Twb armed nrog axes thiab raws li swords, mace, mace, hlau-ua txhua yam, thiab riam. Yuav kom cov tub rog los ntawm afar yuav paub txog txhua lwm yam, shields combatants puv liab.

Danube phiaj los nqis tes

Tsos tub huabtais Svyatoslav rhuav tshem thiab wiped tawm lub daim ntawv qhia rau ib tug loj loj Khazar faj tim teb chaws. Peb luaj cov lag luam tawm tseem khiav mus rau sab hnub tuaj, lub unification ntawm Eastern Slavic pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv Feem ntau cov laus Lavxias teb sab xeev.

Has thiab ruaj ntseg nws ciam teb rau lwm nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, Svyatoslav muab nws lub xim rau sab hnub poob. Muaj qhov thiaj li hu ua Rusev kob tsim los ntawm lub Danube Delta thiab cov khoov, ib tug loj loj defensive Troyanov ncej nrog dej puv moat. Raws li ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, nws tsim nyob rau Danube moog. Luam ntawm Kievan Rus los ntawm Byzantium, Bulgaria thiab coj nws los ze zog mus rau lub hiav neeg. Thiab cov ties tshwj xeeb xav entrenched nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Svyatoslav.

Thaum lub sij hawm peb-xyoo phiaj los nqis tes sab hnub tuaj commander seized loj heev ib ncig: los ntawm lub Oka forests thiab mus rau lub North Caucasus. Lub Byzantine Empire ntawm lub sij hawm no tseem nyob ntsiag to vim cov tub rog tau ua Lavxias teb sab-Byzantine alliance.
Tab sis tam sim no hais tias cov sab qaum teb giant pib pheev siab rau lub Crimean muaj Constantinople pib qhia tej cim ntawm nyob tsis tswm. Nyob rau hauv Kiev ib tug tub txib raug xa mus urgently mus daws cov kev sib raug zoo.

Twb ntawm lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv Kiev brewing nce Svyatoslav rau Bulgaria. Lub ntxeem tau npaj nyob rau hauv lub Danube rau kev twb kev txuas mus rau lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus Danube Rus tub huabtais tau brewing rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, cov pawg neeg thaj av los mus Bulgaria, li ntawd, nws enlisted cov lus cog tseg ntawm Byzantium rau nyob twj ywm nruab nrab. Rau ib yam dab tsi rau Constantinople tsis cuam tshuam nrog taug Sviatoslav nyob rau Danube, nws twb tau cog lus ib tug ncaim lub Crimean kawm. Nws yog ib tug yuav luag tsis paub diplomacy, uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev txaus siab ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj thiab nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob.

Offensive nyob rau hauv Bulgaria

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 967-xyoo Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog coj los ntawm Svyatoslav tsiv sab qab teb. Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog twb kev txhawb los ntawm lub Hungarian pab tub rog. Bulgaria, nyob rau hauv lem, tso siab rau hostile rusicham rhawv zeb thiab Kasogs, raws li zoo raws li ib tug ob peb Khazar pab pawg neeg.

Raws li cov chroniclers qhia rau peb, lawv tiv thaiv rau tus tuag rau ntawm ob sab. Svyatoslav tswj tuav Bulgarians thiab txeeb txog yim caum txoj ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Danube.

Svyatoslav nce mus rau lub Balkans ntawd sai sai heev. Yeej muaj tseeb rau nws tus cwj pwm ntawm xob rog, tub huabtais, txhawm los ntawm lub Bulgarian outposts nyob rau hauv lub qhib field yeej cov tub rog ntawm Tsar Peter. Tus yeeb ncuab yuav tsum tau ua ib tug yuam kev kaj siab, nyob rau hauv uas lub sab reaches ntawm lub Danube nrog ib tug heev muaj zog fortress nroog Pereyaslavets ceded rau Russia.

Qhov tseeb intentions ntawm lub Rus

Nws twb ces qhia thiab tiag tiag Svyatoslav npaj hais tias None hlub rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Pereyaslavets nws raug kev txom nyem nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw nyob, hais tias raws li chroniclers sau hais tias nws tsis yog ib tug Library rau zaum nyob rau hauv Kiev. Nyob rau hauv lub "midst" ntawm lub ntiaj teb pib flock rau Kiev thiab ib tug tribute mus rau qhov zoo. Greeks no twb nqa kub thiab precious fabrics, wine thiab ntau outlandish thaum lub sij hawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo, los ntawm lub Czech koom pheej thiab Hungary coj nyiaj thiab zoo heev nees, thiab los ntawm Russia - zib ntab, ciab, furs thiab qhev.

Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj, nws pab tub rog twb mus txog cov kev txwv ntawm Bulgaria lub 968-xyoo. Raws li chroniclers nyob rau hauv particular Byzantine tsov dis kas, Svjatoslav coj caum thousandth pab tub rog.

Txawm li cas los, raws li ib txhia cov ntawv qhia, nws yog ntau npaum li cas exaggeration, raws li tus tub huabtais ntawm Kiev tau tsis txhob noj nyob rau hauv lub banners ntawm pab pawg neeg militias. Rau nws twb sib ntaus sib tua xwb nws cov tub cheev xwm, "zoov" -dobrovoltsy thiab ob peb detachments ntawm Pechenegs thiab Hungarians.

Lavxias teb sab nkoj dawb do nkag mus hauv lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus Danube thiab pib mus rau sawv sai heev ntws los. Cov tsos ntawm xws li ib tug heev heev tub rog yog ib tug surprise rau lub Bulgarians. Cov tub rog sai sai dhia tawm ntawm lub nkoj thiab kaw shields, rushed mus rau tus nres. Bulgarians yuav tsis sawv, thiab lawv tau khiav los ntawm lub battlefield thiab coj qhov chaw nkaum nyob rau hauv lub fortress Dorostol.

Yuavtsum tau kawm uantej rau lub Byzantine phiaj los nqis tes

Loos vam tias Russ tau ntes tau nyob rau hauv no tsov rog tsis nrhiav pov thawj nws tus kheej. Tom qab thawj battles lub Bulgarian pab tub rog twb swb lawm. Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog, rhuav tseg nws tag nrho defensive system nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj coj, qhib txoj kev rau tus ciam teb ntawm Byzantium. Nyob rau hauv Constantinople pom ib tug tiag tiag kev hem thawj rau nws faj tim teb chaws kuj vim hais tias xws li ib tug yeej peb hlis ntuj rau Kiev tus tub rog ntes cov Bulgarian pawg neeg thaj av tsis tas nyob rau hauv looting thiab devastation ntawm zos thiab lub zos, muaj kuj yog ua phem tawm tsam hauv zos, raug ntawm yav tas los kev tsov kev rog ntawm lub Loos. Russ pom lawv raws li cov ntshav cov kwv tij. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Bulgaria, tab sis yog nrees tsim cov ntseeg Vajtswv, cov neeg tsis txhob hnov qab lawv sawv.

Yog vim li cas cov pab koj tu siab uas txo hwj chim Bulgarians thiab ib feem ntawm lub zos feudal lords tam sim ntawd thov lub Lavxias teb sab None. Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog pib yuav tsum tau Iwj tau tuaj pab dawb uas nyob ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Danube. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib co lords xav mus cog lus Svyatoslav, vim hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub Bulgarian Tsar Peter sim nws provizantiyskoy txoj cai.

Tag nrho cov no yuav ua nyob rau hauv lub Byzantine Empire rau cov nom tswv thiab cov tub rog kev puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Bulgarians, coj los ntawm nws cov overly muaj zog thawj coj Xime-oos tsis yog nyob ib leeg tsis coj Constantinople.

Confrontation nrog Byzantium

Svyatoslav Pereyaslavets sim tig lub capital ntawm lawv cov tshiab lub xeev, thiab tej zaum tag nrho Laus Lavxias teb sab lub hwj chim, nws tsis yog kev vam meej. Qhov no yuav tsis tau them taus Byzantium, uas pom ib tug hauv ntiaj teb no kev hem thawj rau lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv no neeg zej zog. Svyatoslav, chiv nram qab no cov kauj ruam ua nrog rau qhov Treaty ntawm Constantinople, tsis ua rau sib sib zog nqus mus rau hauv lub Bulgarian lub xeev. Sai li sai tau raws li nws coj lub teb chaws ntawm lub Danube thiab lub nroog-fortress Pereyaslavets tub huabtais nres sib ntaus sib tua.

Svyatoslav tsos ntawm cov Danube thiab yeej lub Bulgarians heev alarmed Byzantium. Tom qab tag nrho, nrog rau nws lub taub hau tsa siab phem thiab muaj kev vam meej yeeb ncuab. Byzantine diplomacy pom ib qho los mus pit Bulgaria nrog Russia, li no weakening ob tog ua tsis tau tejyam. Yog li ntawd, Constantinople los ua nrawm nroos pov los ntawm Asia muaj hnub nyoog pab tub rog. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm lub xyoo 970 Svyatoslav rog tau lub thracian pawg neeg thaj av ntawm Byzantium. Nws pab tub rog mus txog Arkadiopolya thiab nres ib puas thiab nees nkaum kilometers ntawm Constantinople. Ntawm no thiab muaj ib tug decisive sib ntaus sib tua.

Ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Byzantine chroniclers yuav pom tias raug tua nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam tag nrho cov Pechenegs rhuav tshem thiab lub ntsiab rog ntawm Svyatoslav Igorevich. Txawm li cas los, tus laus tus Lavxias teb sab historians nyob rau hauv lwm teeb txheej xwm. Raws li lawv qhia, Svyatoslav, los ze rau Constantinople, tsis tau retreated. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis coj ib tug heev zoo tribute, xws li nyob rau hauv lawv tuag warriors.

Xijpeem, lub biggest nce Svyatoslav Byzantium pob tas nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm lub tib lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis xyoo tom ntej, lub Byzantine kav Ioann kuv Tsimiskhy tus kheej txwv Rus, txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub Danube fleet ntawm trehsotkorabelnoy flotilla mus txiav tawm lawv cov kev ntawm tawm. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj, muaj lwm loj sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv uas Svyatoslav raug mob. Lub sib ntaus sib tua twb inconclusively, tab sis tom qab Rus nkag mus rau hauv kev sib haum xeeb kev sib khom lus.

kev tuag ntawm Sviatoslav

Tom qab lub ntawv khi lus tub huabtais yam xyuam xim mus txog lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus Dnieper, nyob rau hauv tej nkoj nquam mus rau lub kev ceeb toom. Nws cov tswv xeev Sveneld hais tias lawv cov nees kom tau nyob ib ncig ntawm, thiaj li tsis yuam kev rau lub Pechenegs, tab sis nws tsis mloog. Lub sim ntawm Svyatoslav nyob rau hauv 971-m nce mus rau hauv lub Dnieper yog tsis muaj kev vam meej, yog li nws yuav tsum tau siv lub caij ntuj no ntawm lub qhov ncauj kom rov hais dua cov phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tab sis Pechenegs tseem tos Russes. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis zoo tib sib ntaus sib tua twb lub neej ntawm Svyatoslav ...