Tuam tsev ntawm Amon ntawm Karnak: hauj lwm, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb

Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws rau lub site ntawm tam sim no lub zos ntawm Karnak, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Nile tsis deb ntawm lub loj thawj tswj centre ntawm Luxor, yog cov coob rau hauv lub nroog uas ntu Thebes. Rau ob peb lub centuries nws yog lub peev ntawm lub tag nrho lub xeev. Nws yog ntawm no tias plaub txhiab xyoo dhau los, qhov kev siv ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws tuam tsev complex, paub hnub no raws li lub tuam tsev txog vaj Amon ntawm Karnak.

Qhov loj tshaj ntawm tus gods ntawm ancient Egiptak

Ua ntej koj yuav pib ib zaj dab neeg txog qhov no cim siv, yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog luv luv ntsib nrog cov neeg uas txhiab tus qhev tau lub tsev ntawd rau ib tug ob peb centuries. Ntawm cov ntau pantheon of Iyiv cov gods Amon nyob ib tug tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm. Nws personified lub hnub - uas yog, tus quab yuam ntawm tag nrho cov uas lub neej nyob rau tus ntug dej ntawm lub Nile tau subordinated.

Lub warmth ntawm nws cov rays, nws dhau mus ua ib tug tag nrho-fledged grain ntsia hlau loj, tab sis nws kuj qhuav li hauv av, tawm hauv lub blossoming cornfield tuag suab puam. Txhua tag kis sawv ntxov nws yog, tub ntxhais hluas thiab kub, twb nce mus rau lub ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab, tom qab ib hnub ke, twb laus thiab impotence poob rau hauv qab no rau lub qab ntug, yuav pib tag nrho cov tshaj dua tag kis. Yog li ntawd nws twb destined, thiab cov neeg - nyob rau hauv mus ib txhis voj voog ntawm lub neej mus rau loj hlob laus, tuag thiab raug yug dua dua nyob rau hauv lawv cov me nyuam.

Tuam tsev ntawm Karnak

Qhov loj tshaj ntawm tus gods tau nplooj siab mus rau lub tuam tsev ntawm Karnak thiab Luxor. Lub tuam tsev, uas yog ua peb zaj dabneeg, Ameslikas muaj peb qhov chaw. Tus thawj ib tug nplooj siab rau nws tus kheej, uas yog lub zoo thiab muaj hwj chim Vaj tswv Amun Ra, lub thib ob - nws tus poj niam Mut, patronized tag nrho cov niam vaj ntxwv, uas twb tau destined rau coj kev zoo siab rau lub teb chaws ntawm nws tsos rau nws, thiab, thaum kawg, peb - tus tub ntawm lub hli vajtswv Khonsu. Yog li, lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tuam tsev complex ntawm Karnak chiv pom ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov lug txheej txheem rau ib qho axis thiab tsim los pe hawm dawb ceev no triad.

Plaub txhiab xyoo dhau los, Thebes, ua lub peev ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, yog cov feem ntau populous ntawm nws lub nroog, uas yog lub tsev mus rau yuav luag ib nrab ntawm ib lab cov neeg. Heev heev thiab yeej tsov rog lub hom phaj cov me nyuam ntawm tribute los ntawm kov yeej haiv neeg thiab suav tsis tau cov neeg coob coob ntawm qhev. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob hais tias tus pharaohs yuav them taus kev tsim kho cov nqi, lossis loj twb yog los ntawm hnub no tus qauv. Thiab cov nyiaj, thiab ua hauj lwm yog tshaj.

Pob zeb chronicles ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Nile

Tsa Amon tuam tsev nyob rau hauv Karnak ntawm XVI ntawm XI xyoo pua BC. e., tag nrho cov pharaohs uas kav nyob rau hauv no caug xyoo, sim perpetuate lawv cov npe nyob rau hauv nws, ceev nws nco. Thutmoses kuv, e.g., tus heev heev obelisks tsa thiab saum, depicting nws nyob rau hauv cov duab vajtswv Osiris. Kuv tsis raug kev txom nyem ntau heev kom yus hnav zoo thiab nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Tuthmosis III ntawm, ua lub thiaj li hu ua Hall ntawm annals, cov phab ntsa uas raug carved cov dab neeg uas nws ci ntsa iab tub rog yeej. Nws kuj qhuas nws conquests nyob rau hauv Asia, tsa nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub complex ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam ua tsov ua rog Sekhmet.

Scenes los ntawm lub neej ntawm lub pharaohs thiab them nrog heev heev txhua tias adorn lub tuam tsev ntawm Amon Ra ntawm Karnak. Lub keeb kwm ib ntau centuries ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws, fwm nyob rau hauv lub annals ntawm pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub teb chaws tus rulers mus rau lawv kawm nyob ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw pov thawj, uas nws cawv thiab tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej nce nrog lub expansion ntawm lub complex.

Cov kev pab cuam ntawm kev kawm ntawv

Yog heev nthuav nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog ib lub zos lus dab neeg uas qhia yuav ua li cas ib tug pov thawj dared rau nriaj rau lub hwj chim nrog tus vaj ntxwv nws tus kheej. Nws yog zoo li ntawd nyob rau hauv nws lag luam uas rulers twb loj kev ntshai ntawm poob lub zwm txwv. Tsis xav kom raug, nws kom cov tub rog mus txeeb lub pov thawj raws li ib tug neeg ntxeev siab thiab muab txoj kev tuag.

Tab sis los ntawm coincidence, muaj koob muaj npe zov nyob ntawm lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv lub hnub thiab teev thaum cov dab noj hnub yog tshwm sim, uas tus pov thawj yeej paub vim hais tias nws yog, zoo li tag nrho nws cov lug txhawb cov miv, yav tom ntej astronomer. Tom qab sawv ntawm txoj cai lub sij hawm rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev, nws ua nws ob txhais tes rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, thiab qhov pom ntawm tag nrho cov txib lub hnub kom dim mus rau nyob rau hauv lub ensuing tsaus ntuj txawm ploj ntais tag nrho nws cov yeeb ncuab. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus xav txog tej yam lub tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib thaum lub caij ntawm nws cov lus, lub ntiaj teb them qhov tsaus ntuj. Lub upshot yog hais tias cov enlightened pov thawj coj qhov chaw ntawm lub vaj ntxwv, uas raug tua rau hnub cov neeg coob coob nyob rau ntawm nws behest.

Pharaohs - lub builders ntawm lub tuam tsev

Tuam tsev ntawm Amon ntawm Karnak twb ho txhab rau XIII xyoo pua BC. e. Nws builders vaj ntxwv pib nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm ntawm Seti kuv thiab nws tus tub Ramesses II, lawv deeds khwv tau lub title ntawm Great. Lawv ua tau ib lub tuam tsev complex nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Hypostyle nrog uas yuav impress nrog nws loj, tsis tsuas yog tus inhabitants ntawm lub ancient lub sij hawm, tab sis peb cov contemporaries. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm tsib txhiab square meters ntawm kaum kab ntawm ib puas peb caug plaub txhua tau ntsia, them nrog phiaj kub.

Hais plaub ntug ntawm poj huab tais Hatshepsut

Nyob rau hauv lub XV xyoo pua BC. e. hauv lub tuam tsev txog vaj Amon ntawm Karnak ho supplemented poj niam vaj ntxwv Hatshepsut npe. Ntxiv cov ua hauj lwm ntawm nws tus txiv, Thutmose II, nws tau ua nyob rau hauv nws ib tug xov tooj ntawm pylons - rooj vag nyob rau hauv lub luaj li ib cov truncated pyramid, nws muaj ntau zog los ntawm yuav luag ib nrab ntawm Mut tuam tsev thiab ua ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib sanctuary saum ntuj ceeb tsheej nkoj ntawm Amun Ra, tom qab ntawd hu ua Liab Orchestra. Nyob rau cov phab ntsa hauv lub tuam tsev no, tsa ntawm dub thiab liab granite, carved los ntawm ancient masters tau muaj qhov scene ntawm nws coronation.

Txawm li cas los, qhov no sanctuary twb tsis tau ciaj sia kom txog thaum lub hnub tam sim no. Ib puas xyoo tom qab nws tau muab los ntawm lwm uas kav Iyi tebchaws - Amenhotep III. Granite blocks, ntawm uas nws yog tsim los siv raws li ib tug lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas rau kev tsim kho ntawm lwm cov lug. Tsuas yog ntau npaum li cas tom qab ntawd, qhov thiaj li hu ua Hellenic lub sij hawm thaum Aleksandre Makedonskom sanctuary tau recreated tab sis ho hloov daim ntawv.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Hatshepsut Tuam tsev ntawm Amon Ra ntawm Karnak twb adorned nrog plaub monolithic pob zeb obelisks - lub biggest ntawm cov uas twb nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Iyi tebchaws. Ib tug ntawm lawv dim mus txog thaum peb hnub. Carved los ntawm liab granite, nws nce mus txog ib qhov siab ntawm peb caug meters.

Nyob rau hauv cov tib xyoo, huab tais twb npaj mus ntaus lub ntiaj teb no muaj ib tug zoo qauv. Thaum nws pib zus tau tej cov lwm monolith, lub siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm ancient Egypt. Raws li xeeb los ntawm cov founders, nws yuav tsum tau nce tshaj lub ntiaj teb rau plaub caug ib 'meter' thiab luj tsis tsawg tshaj li ob puas txhiab tons. Tab sis qhov no ua hauj lwm rau ntau yam yog vim li cas tsis tau ua kom tiav.

Ntxiv tsim kho ntawm lub complex

Thaum lub hlws ris ntawm XIV thiab XIII centuries BC. e., lawv muaj nyob rau hauv vaj ntxwv Horemheb, tau hlua li peb ntau pylons thiab muaj lub npe nrov avenue ntawm sphinxes. Lub rulers ntawm lub tom ntej no dynasty kuj ua hauj lwm nyuaj. Tuam tsev ntawm Amon ntawm Karnak, lawv koom nrog tus Nile txoj kev, nyob rau ob sab ntawm uas twb ntsia ramheaded sphinxes. Nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv lawv tsa lwm colonnade, ob tug tshiab pylon, thiab mus rau saum nws tag nrho cov tsim lawv tus kheej monumental saum.

Tshiab thov Vajtswv Amon

Thaum lub sij hawm, cov teev uas Amun mas yuav kis tau lub cim ntawm lub teb chaws kev ntseeg. Txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj, thaum muaj dej nyab los ntawm cov Nile, nws pej thuam solemnly nqa tawm ntawm lub tuam tsev thiab lub avenue ntawm sphinxes nrog los ntawm ib tug crowded Procession kev raug coj mus rau Luxor, qhov twg lub deity tshiab nrog rau lub ntiaj teb, revived tom qab lub hlis ntawm drought.

Ntawm no Falau nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv kev thov Vajtswv, nyob rau lub gods, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov poj Amon Ra, tau nrhiav lawv tej koob hmoov nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tshiab. Tom qab ua kom tiav qhov kev thov Vajtswv, nws txawm tawm mus rau cov neeg, sau tag nrho cov chaw uas zoo heev uas nyob ib sab mus rau lub tuam tsev, thiab tig xubntias rau Nile, lawv tag nrho cov hu nkauj ib zaj nkauj qhuas tus dej, thiaj li generously izlivshey lawv cov dej nyob rau hauv hnub-seared Karnak.

Attraction tim lyiv teb chaws - Tuam tsev ntawm Amun Ra

Tiam sis centuries tau dhau thiab lub ntiaj teb twb hloov nws lub ntsej muag. Ploj mus yog cov gods ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws, tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv lub scorching African hnub monuments ntawm uas era ua tib zoo nws fwm tus xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lawv builders. Nyob rau hauv 1979, lub UNESCO ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam daim ntawv teev tuaj thiab cov Karnak tuam tsev (Amon Ra). Hauj lwm, keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub no qhov no cim qauv tau tuaj nyob rau hauv ze scrutiny ntawm lub ntiaj teb no lub zej lub zos, thiab txhua xyoo attracts phav phav tus tourists. Tsis ceeb, cov nyiaj tau los generated los ntawm lawv cov tsoom fwv, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm cov nyiaj txiag.

Thiab tab sis yog rau ntau centuries, cov lwm Antiquities ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws twb puas lawm thiab lub tuam tsev uas tus vaj tswv Amon ntawm Karnak, xyuas mus saib nws qhia tau tias hais tias txawm nyob rau hauv ruins, nws nyiam nrog nws grandeur. Nyob rau cov websites ntawm mus ncig teb chaws tuam txhab uas muag muab tours rau tim lyiv teb chaws, qhov chaw uas nws tau nyob rau hauv no zoo kawg nkaus lub teb chaws kom lawv qhia lawv cov yaam puab paub, tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm admiration tshwm sim los ntawm xws li ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog qauv thiab zoo kawg li ua hauj lwm uas tau siv rau nws siv.

Yog nws muaj xav hais tias qhov no lub tuam tsev complex yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov mus ncig tebchaws destinations niaj hnub no. Tsis yog nyob qhov twg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yuav muaj nyob txawm rau hauv lub loj, tab sis tseem ceev qhov chaw xws li ib abundance ntawm cov keeb kwm monuments, uas yog cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm lub sij hawm lawv tau tsim rau dozens ntawm centuries. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws muaj nyob rau txhua txhua hnub grandiose yeeb yam, xws li teeb pom kev zoo thiab lub suab los, thiab qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm lub tuam tsev. Tag nrho cov no ua rau ib tug mus ntsib mus rau nws unusually nthuav thiab nco.