Tsab xov xwm - dab tsi yog qhov no? Hom ntawm cov khoom: cov khoom ntawm kev cai lij choj, siv thiab phau ntawv journal khoom

Lavxias teb sab lus los ntawm cov xwm uas yog nws. Ib tug thiab tib lo lus yuav muaj ntau sib txawv txhais thiab txhais. Hais tias yog dab tsi feem ntau confuses neeg txawv teb chaws uas coj lawv yuam kev nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm peb kev hais lus. Kuv xav kom tham txog dab tsi yog daim duab, yog dab tsi lub nuances thiab peculiarities ntawm lo lus no muaj.

lub ntsiab txhais

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov sij hawm "tsab xov xwm" yog siv los ntawm lub standpoint ntawm journalism. Yuav ua li cas, ces, yog cov tswvyim no? Cov khoom - qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm journalism, qhov twg tus sau aims rau kev tsom xam kev dab, lub sijhawm thiab phenomena. Txawm li cas los, tej zaum lawv yuav muaj xws li ob qho tib si theoretical thiab cov tswv yim generalization, sib sib zog nqus tsom xam txog cov lus tseeb thiab tshwm sim. Nws yog ib nqi hais tias cov khoom lawv tus kheej yog ib tug ntau ntawm txawv zog pab tau rau lub zej zog.

Hom ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv Magazine

Yuav ua li cas tej zaum yuav ib tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv lub magazine? Teb rau lo lus nug no yuav sib txawv, tab sis tseem tam sim no kuv xav mus xav txog ntau yam ntawm journalistic cov khoom. Tus thawj kev faib no yog qhib rau scholars A.A.Tertichnym. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, tsab xov xwm yuav ua tau obscheissledovatelskimi, tswv yim thiab kev tsomxam thiab kev polemical. Lwm scientific daim duab, I.Kadykova, muaj ib tug sib txawv dog dig cais. Raws li nws lub tswv yim, tsab xov xwm yuav tsum lawm, dag, problematic, theoretical thiab journalistic. Tiam yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ntau dua degree kawg peb hom, dag cov khoom yog yam xwb thaum lub sij hawm xaiv tsa, tab sis tus thawj kev xaiv - mus ua ib tug leading - yog cov thaum lub sij hawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov teb chaws sab laj.

memoir

Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws sub-hom - scientific cov khoom. Qhov no ntawv nyeem, uas pib qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab prospecting. Nws yuav ua tau ib tug ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hais tias, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub journalistic cov khoom, uas yog tsis yog li ntawd clear-txiav cov qauv, cov kev tsab xov xwm yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tag nrho cov kev cai. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yuav tsum luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus scientific cov khoom muab ntau tshaj ntawv txog tsis tsuas cov qauv tiam sis kuj ntawm lub saum toj no kev xaiv.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Nco ntsoov them sai sai mus rau lub hom khoom. Yuav ua li cas, ces, yog lawv? Classifications, muaj ib tug lossis loj npaum li. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog los ntawm lub ntau yam. Rau ntawm no theem, kawm cov kev kawm Kuv xav mus xav txog tej yam ntawm cov khoom luam tawm nyob rau hauv scientific txhua hnub:

1. Tag nrho cov-ntev. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb: qhia rau zaum txog qhov tseeb tshiab los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm science (niaj hnub tshawb fawb, kev loj hlob). Lub volume yog heev loj, nrog rau ib qho nruab nrab ntawm 8-12 nplooj ntawv ntawm luam cov ntawv nyeem. Cov khoom raug luam tawm tsuas yog los ntawm tus neeg sib tw kev kawm ntawv (tus neeg sib tw los yog PhD), thiab cov menyuam kawm uas xav tau ib tug master degree.
2. Luv luv kev sib txuas lus. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tej khoom - qhia zaum txog koj tus kheej kev soj ntsuam ntawm txoj kev xyaum ua tej, nyob rau uas nyob rau hauv lub scientific teeb meem. Lub volume ntawm cov khoom yog haum me me - txog li 6 nplooj ntawv.
3. Hypothesis. Heev nthuav cov khoom subspecies, uas yog feem ntau tsis muaj tswv yim paub. Muaj peev xwm yuav sau reflections, tswvyim rau tej yam teeb meem, kev xav. Txawm li cas los, tom qab luam tawm no hypothesis yuav tsum tau yog paub tseeb hais tias los yog refuted (uas rov yuav tsum tau txais kev ceeb toom ntawm tag nrho cov kev kawm ua hauj lwm los ntawm lub xov xwm ntawm cov kev tshwm sim).
4. Kev tswv yim. Qhov no ultra-me me tsab xov xwm - txog ib nrab ib sab ntawm typewritten ntawv nyeem, nyob rau hauv uas tus sau pib rau cov pej xeem kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub tswv yim, tos kev pab thiab qhuas los ntawm lub zej zog, los yog cov thuam.

Lwm yam kev faib:

1. Kev thiab theoretical cov khoom. Qhov no yog cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv uas tus sau pib cov kev tshwm sim ntawm theoretical tshawb rau cov teeb meem. Nthuav yuav raws li nram no fact: qhov feem ntau ntawm cov kev cai lij choj sab cia li los theoretical kev xav.
2. Scientific thiab cov tswv yim cov khoom. Cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv lawv yog mob siab rau tswv yim kev kawm txawj thiab kev thwmsim. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm no yog los qhia cov kev tshwm sim.
3. Kev thiab methodological cov khoom. Qhov no yog ib tug saib xyuas ntawm txoj kev, dab thiab cov cuab yeej uas yuav pab tau koj ncav tau tej kev tshwm sim.

Cov khoom nyob rau hauv Internet

Peb to taub ntxiv dab tsi hauv tsab xov xwm. Niaj hnub no, tshwj xeeb mloog yuav tsum tau muab phau ntawv tawm rau ntau yam Internet resources. Qhov no yog ib tug tshiab, tshwj xeeb ntawm tsab xov xwm uas muab xa mus rau cov pej xeem rau sau phau ntawv. Yuav ua li cas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov ntaub ntawv? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws yog nws. Cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum tshiab thiab tshiab, nws yuav tsum nyiam tus neeg muas zaub los muab nws ntau tshaj plaws nthuav lus qhia. Tsis yog "dej", hackneyed nqe lus monotony. Ib qho tseem ceeb lub caij ntawm no hom ntawm cov khoom no yog hu ua "cov yuam sij": nws yog tej yam lus los yog nqe lus hais tias cov neeg txhais teeb meem (cov "cov yuam sij" yog feem ntau muab tso rau hauv ib lub cav nrhiav nrhiav ntaub ntawv). Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, xws li cov khoom kuj muaj ntau views.

1. Tutorials. Qhov no ntawv nyeem, uas pab cov neeg kawm ib cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv seem no tej zaum yuav sawv cev los ntawm ntau cov tswv cov chav kawm ntawv nrog rau cov duab thiab ncauj lus kom ntxaws kev piav qhia ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem.
2. Cov Ntaub Ntawv. Lawv lub hom phiaj - piav, kev sib tham hauv tej teeb meem.
3. Xyuas. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm tus sau phau feem ntau muab ib tug kev piav qhia txog ib qho kev kawm. Nws yuav yog cov ntawv tshawb fawb, kev txheeb xyuas.
4. Pab tswv yim. Ib subspecies ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv uas tus sau muab rau cov pej xeem kev soj ntsuam ntawm daim ntawv teev cov tswv yim uas yuav pab tau cov txawj nyeem ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam teeb meem no.

Nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub sij hawm "tsab xov xwm" yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv xovxwm. Yog li ntawd, muaj yog xws li ib tug tshaj plaws li cov khoom ntawm kev cai lij choj. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Nyob rau hauv ib nutshell, nws yog ib tug ib feem ntawm lub PatientsÕ cov ntawv nyeem. Tsab xov xwm ntawm tus kev cai lij choj yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv khej, paragraphs, qhov chaw los yog cov khoom. Tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj ntawm cov nram qab no cov ntsiab lus:

• cov khoom ntawm kev cai lij choj no yuav tsum tau numbering (nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais tias lub identification number muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm, tsis pauv, txawm yog hais tias, piv txwv li, lub Code yog cov ntaub ntawv kho thiab ib co cov khoom tsuas cais);
• Ib tsab xov xwm no muaj nplooj siab rau tsuas yog ib fragment ntawm kev cai ntawm kev sib raug zoo.

Hais txog nyiaj

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tseem muaj tej yam uas ua expenditure thiab nyiaj tau los. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Yuav ua li cas kom to taub cov lus no? Cov tswv yim yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab tuab tej txoj haujlwm uas muaj feem rau cov nyiaj khwv tau thiab cov nuj nqis. Tag nrho cov nyiaj txiag cov nyiaj tau los muaj qhaub khoom ntawm kev khwv nyiaj thiab tag nrho cov nqi - cov khoom ntawm expenditure. Yuav kom yooj yim dua to taub tag nrho cov saum toj no, cov lus yog ib tug zoo saib rau ib tug piv txwv yooj yim. Raws li ib lub hauv paus peb yuav noj ib tug dog dig nyiaj txiag ntawm ib tug nruab nrab tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj tau los sab, uas yog, ntsiab sau cov tsev neeg pob nyiaj siv, ces qhov no yog qhov nyiaj ua hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho nws cov neeg, raws li tau zoo raws li lwm yam ntaub ntawv ntawm cov nyiaj khwv tau los (nyiaj tau los ntawm sab nraum ua lag ua luam kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv cov neeg - "quickies", profits los ntawm cov lag luam tawm-tsev nyob tshuab, qhov no koj qev los, thiab lwm yam). Kev Siv Nyiaj khoom mas muaj xws li cov nram qab no cov khoom:

1. Cia ntiav, nqi hluav taws xob them - txhua hli yuav tsum tau them nyiaj.
2. Fais fab - thiab kev siv.
3. Ris tsho.
4. Tsev neeg tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, kev tu cev cov khoom.
5. Tsheb thauj mus los nqi.
6. Lwm Yam (kev lom zem, leisure, kev zoo nkauj - txiav plaub hau, manicure, khoom plig, lub hnab tshos nyiaj).

Hais txog Temin-txhua xeem neeg

Feem ntau cov neeg muaj peev xwm yuav xav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug ntawm seb puas muaj ib tug synonym rau lo lus "tsab xov xwm". Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog hais tias ib lo lus, uas yuav hloov lub sij hawm, tsis muaj nyob. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis yog scary. Koj yeej ib txwm nrhiav lwm txoj kev. Thaum nws los txog rau journalistic txhais lus ntawm cov lo lus "tsab xov xwm" yuav hloov nrog lub sij hawm "nyeem" (piv txwv li, "cov ntawv nyeem") los yog "ntawv". Nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj thiab nyiaj txiag los txhais lus rau thiab, yog koj nyiam yuav pom cawm lub sij hawm.