Hluav taws xob - qhov no yog ... Lus Txhais

Hluav taws xob - ib lub sij hawm uas yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug physics kawg. Cia peb tsom xam lub ntsiab txhais ntawm lub cev muaj nuj nqis, tshwj xeeb yog cov tsos, daim ntaub ntawv.

txhais

Yuav ua li cas yog hluav taws xob? Kev Txiav Txim physics implies ib tug ua ke ntawm txawv phenomena txuam nrog lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob xwb.

Qhov no lub sij hawm twb coined los ntawm lus Askiv paub txog William Gilbert nyob rau hauv 1600. Nws sim piav qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub cev ntawm ib tug sib nqus compass. Hais tias nws yog, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, paub tseeb hais tias lub hav zoov ntawm cov electrification ntawm lub cev.

cov nplooj ntawv ntawm keeb kwm

Hluav taws xob - ib tug tshwm sim uas tau sim piav nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm ancient Greece. Philosophers uas nyob rau hauv lub xya xyoo pua BC, nrhiav tau hais tias thaum amber rubbing ntawm tej yam ntuj tso ntaub plaub, nws gains muaj peev xwm ua rau neeg nyiam ntau yam ntawm tej yam khoom.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua electrostatic tshuab yog tsim los ntawm ib tug German Otto fon Gerike, muaj raws ntawm cov leej faj khoom, raug tua nyob rau hauv ib tug hlau pas nrig. Xws li ib tug qauv tau tso cai rau nws mus soj ntsuam tsis tau tsuas yog lub attraction ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj lawv repulsion.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua Englishman Stephen Grey, ib tug series ntawm thwmsim rau lub fais fais fab kis dua ib yam nrug. Nws pom tawm hais tias nyob rau nyob tus yeees ntawm cov khoom hloov lub peev xwm rau kev hluav taws xob tam sim no.

Yuav ua li cas yog hluav taws xob? Lub tswvyim, lub essence ntawm lub cev tshwm sim tau piav los ntawm Frenchman Charles Dufay. Thaum lub sij hawm sib txawv thwmsim nws tau txais cob thiab iav hluav taws xob tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kev sib txhuam rau ntawm iav txhob lo lo ntxhuav, cob rau lub wool. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua Pieter van Musschenbroek tsim ib qho hluav taws xob capacitor, hu ua ib tug Leyden thawv. Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus thwmsim hais txog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm atmospheric hluav taws xob, nqa tawm los ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij M. V. Lomonosovym.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua pendant sab kev cai lij choj raws li uas cov hluav taws xob - nws yog ib lub suab ntawm them hais.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thib kaum cuaj xyoo pua physicist Oersted twb ntes tau electromagnetic cuam. Nws yuav qhib thiab kaw rau hauv Circuit Court, los tsom kwm oscillations compass nyob ib ncig ntawm neeg xyuas pib. Ampere nrhiav tau hais tias hluav taws xob thiab magnetism yog hais txog, nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob uas tsis muaj static hluav taws xob.

Faraday, siv cov ntsiab ntawm cov thwmsim ntawm Ampere thiab Oersted, sab lub phenomenon ntawm electromagnetic induction. Yuav kom lawv cov generator tau tsim hluav taws xob, uas muaj ib tug magnetized tub ntxhais katushki.Cherez nws dhau hluav taws xob. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus tom qab ua thwmsim los ua txuam nrog lub suab ntawm them hais.

Maxwell lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog tus culmination ntawm tag nrho cov electromagnetic phenomena. Nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua muaj ib tug kev tshawb xav ntawm quantum electrodynamics. Nws teb tag nrho cov lus nug uas yog cov zaum ntawm uas lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub fais xwb

Peb tau pom tias hluav taws xob - yog tus nqi uas yog txuam nrog lub zog ntawm them hais. Thiab yog dab tsi yuav muab ib qho hluav taws xob xwb? Nws yuav muaj peev xwm los tsim ib qho hluav taws xob field nyob ib ncig ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Lub cev uas muaj tib lub xwb, ua rau txhua lwm yam, thiab ntau - yog twv. Hais tias yog, raws li lub zog ntawm hais rau cov kev hloov ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub neeg xyuas pib.

tej yam ntuj tso hluav taws xob

Raws li hluav taws xob tam sim no kaj zaub nyob rau hauv lub nyob ntiaj teb no yog xav tias yuav swb. Nws hluav taws xob xwm tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua. Nws los ua ib tug xob tshwm sim los heev heev tom hav zoov hluav taws kub. Tej zaum txawv sawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov cua thiab lub ntiaj teb nto 400 kV.

Dab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb, kuj mob nrog rau cov zaj uas hluav taws xob xwb. Piv txwv li, ib lub hwj chim surge tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm sawv ntawm lub voltage thoob plaws lub cell daim nyias nyias, uas nyob rau hauv biology ua yog suav tias yog lub paj lam ua. Nws yuav siv tau los hloov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib tug cell mus rau lwm lub. Ntses siv rau hluav taws xob ntau lawm nyob rau hauv dej nrhiav raws li zoo raws li rau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab.

Piv txwv li, lub South American fais eel yuav ua kom muaj hluav taws xob ntswg mus rau tsib puas volts. Lampreys thiab sharks yuav siv tau kom paub tias cov hluav taws xob ntau lawm. Tshwj xeeb receptors hluav taws xob field catch lwm cov kab mob no.

xaus

Lub thwmsim tau nqa tawm nrog hluav taws xob, txhawb kev siv technology tshiab kev kawm. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm tam sim no khiav hauj lwm ntau yam pab kiag li lawm siv tau rau lub neej txhua hnub, nyob rau hauv science, technology.

Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab los siav tag nrho cov kev thov muab tso rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm cov kev muaj tiag ntawm hluav taws xob, muaj hwj chim loj hwj chim generators tau raug tsim. Hauv plawv ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm yog lub hom phiaj ntawm hluav taws xob thiab magnetism, sib tham saum toj no.