Ntoo kis tau tus mob yees: yees duab, loj, me, muaj ceeb thawj. Installation thiab kho ntawm cov ntoo ncej

Lub xeev ntawm cov kis kab muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem uas siv kev txhawb zog. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm 100 xyoo ntoo tswg tseem yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab lug ntawm nyiaj siv ua haujlwm kis tau tus mob kab (VL).

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo nws pib ua nrog tiv thaiv impregnation. Ces qhia kom meej rau cov kev siv ntawm antiseptics tau muab, tab sis lawv tsis zoo siv, ua rau lwj Piers. Thoob plaws txoj kev hloov mus rau lub ua kev reinforced tug ncej ho tsis daws tau tag nrho cov teeb meem, vim hais tias lawv muaj sab lub shortcomings, tsis xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv cov khoom ua los ntawm cov ntoo:

• brittleness rau tej yam;
• me me FLEXURAL zog;
• loj luj;
• to currents.

zoo

Ntoo tswg yuav tsis tau sau ntawv tawm vim hais tias cov nram qab no zoo:

1. Tsis tshua muaj nqi.
2. Lub teeb ceeb thawj.
3. Thaum cov ntoo pillar ntog, tus luj ntawm uas yog 3 lub sij hawm tsawg tshaj li vaj tse, nws hangs nyob rau hauv lub nyob ntawm tej tsis muaj cov nyhuv ntawm "dominoes", yam ntxwv ntawm qhov hnyav tug ncej.
4. Qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas muaj ntau zog seismic yam kev ua si.
5. Ntau resistant rau cua loads.
6. Lub siab dielectric yam ntxwv.
7. Ntev kev pab cuam lub neej nrog rau txoj kev raug (mus txog 40 xyoo).
8. Lawv tsis yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb txij nkawm.

shortcomings

Nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm ib tug ntoo txhawb nqa nws muaj drawbacks.

1. Impregnating compositions tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem tshuaj uas yog nyob rau hauv cov ua hauj lwm hauv cheeb tsam (roj roj, kerosene, creosote, etc.). Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog teeb meem preservatives, roj-raws li. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv muaj kev raug mob ntawm hluav taws.
2. Lub cav yuav tsum tau manufactured nrog lub yuav tsum tau taub thiab Taper.
3. Zoo khoom tau los ntawm lub caij ntuj no txiav thiab kom qhuav nyob rau hauv cover rau 6 lub hlis. Nws yog tsim nyog los lis cov cav ntoo antiseptic, kom lawv tsis txhob rot.

ntaub ntawv

Xiab LEP ntoo ua los ntawm coniferous ntoo, nyob rau lub cob yog ib tug natural preservative thiab antiseptic. Qhov loj tshaj yuam sab qaum teb ntoo thuv, muaj siab zog thiab elasticity. Teeb meem uas muaj pob zeb tug ncej vim lawv fragility, yeej yuav tsis ua ib tug ntoo yug (yees duab hauv qab no - lub chaw thau khoom ntawm tiav lawm khoom).

Yog xav thov impregnation los yog creosote roj shale, raws li zoo raws li mixtures muaj tooj liab, chromium thiab arsenic. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev txhawb nqa tshuaj ua los ntawm txoj kev hluav taws kub (hluav taws retardants). Qhov no ua rau nws tau faus cov ncej ncaj nraim mus rau hauv av, tsis muaj ib tug qhob step-cov me nyuam, uas tsub kom lawv lifespan.

Cov feem ntau heev ntxeem tau dej cov khoom muaj ntoo thuv. Yog hais tias lub bearings yog siv spruce thiab larch, tsau lawv nyuaj npaum li cas.

Impregnation tso cai ncej faus nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub hauv av. Tsuas yog no yuav tsum ntxiv tiv thaiv qhov xaus ntawm tus tiv thaiv kaus mom los yog muab tshuaj txhuam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej impregnation mus rau 3 lub hlis mus rau qhuav ntoo them nyiaj yug. Kho rau lub stepchildren ntawm kev reinforced ua rau ib tug splitting ntawm ntoo nyob rau hauv lub ntaub nplaum los ntawm hlau tus pas nrig.

Tseem Ceeb! Rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm kab siv qis ib feem ntawm tsob ntoo (taub qab) nyob rau tsawg ceg thiab homogeneous qauv.

Qhov luaj li cas thiab lub dag lub zog

txhawb ib tug ntev ntawm 3,5-13 m nyob rau hauv lub diameters rau saum (d) thiab hauv qab (D), lawv yog cov nram qab no qhov chaw .:

• teeb: d = 140 hli; D = 160-220 hli;
• nruab nrab: d = 160 hli; D = 180-235 hli;
• muaj zog: d = 195-210 hli; D = 210-260 hli.

Ib qho tseem ceeb qhia yog lub zog ntawm lub qab ntawm lub khib. Rau cav txoj kab uas hla 190 hli siab tshaj plaws dabtsi yog khoov caij yog 55 kNm, thaum rau 240 mm - 95 kNm.

Kev Cai rau xaiv ntawm cov ntoo ncej

1. Raws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas siv sab qaum teb ntoo thuv lub caij ntuj no cuttings.
2. Nyob rau hauv lub sab qaum kev ib sab thickness yog tsis tsawg tshaj li 16 cm.
3. Raws li impregnation tshuaj siv aqueous CCA.
4. Tag nyob rau hauv tag nrho los yog nyob rau hauv lub qis ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog impregnated ntawm ib tug siab ntawm 12-14 atmospheres.
5. Technological qhov ua ntej impregnation.
6. impregnation tob yog 85% ntawm cov txheej txheej ntawm ntoo - sapwood (40 hli).
7. Lub impregnation txheej txheem tiav, yog hais tias tus txhawb yog grey-ntsuab xim. Yog hais tias nws yog xim av los yog xim av, nws txhais tau tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsis tau kiag li lawm. Lub ciam teb yuav tsum pom nyob rau cov kev txiav cav.
8. Txhawb muag los ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv C ₁ thiab C _3, muaj ib tug ua tiav set ntawm qhov ntev.

Nta Impregnating txhawb

Cov av kab ntsia tsis stepchildren. Lub hnub yog impregnated nrog ntau tshaj ib sab saum npoo av. Thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam ntawm lawv ntxuav li 90% ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv cov qauv. Yuav kom tiv thaiv no, cov sab saum toj kawg yog them los ntawm lub ru tsev ua los ntawm galvanized loj 250x250 hli thiab hauv qab yog kaw tiaj khoom impermeable dej.

GOST 20022.0-93 ntoo impregnated kev pab txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv ib tug tiv thaiv neeg sawv cev XM-11 nyob rau hauv ib tug qhuav ntsev nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm 13-15 kg / m ^3. Los ntawm kev yuav khoom cav ntoo rau posts, koj yuav tsum nrhiav seb yog dab tsi tej yam kev mob lawv tau ua, vim hais tias ib co specifications no tus xov tooj yog underestimated los ntawm 2 lub sij hawm. Tsis yog txhua txhua manufacturers no kom khaws cia cov khoom raug technology. Qhov no yuav tsum tau zoo tswj lub koom haum, tab sis ib tug kws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas nws tsis pom kev.

txhawb ntau lawm technology

Cov txheej txheem yuav plaub loj cov kauj ruam.

1. Debarking

Nyob rau ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuab yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov tawv ntoo phloem. Tsuas yog tom qab uas cov cev pib qhuav. Zabolonevaya ntoo yuav tsum tau cuam tshuam ntawm ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus, vim nws yog zoo impregnated nrog ib tug antiseptic. Yog hais tias tag nrho cov saum toj txheej ntawm skived, durability kev pab txhawb nqa npaum li cas txo vim lub fact tias nws yuav ua tau ntau nws lwj. Ces ib tug ntoo them nyiaj yug, qhov ntev ntawm uas sib haum mus rau yuav tsum, txheeb los ntawm lo lus uas peb. Ib txhia manufacturers tsim kom qhuav tsis tshem tawm ntawm lub bast, uas ua rau nws tau los mus tiv thaiv ntes ntawm tus ntoo. Ces bast muab tshem tawm raws li nws yuav cuam tshuam nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm impregnation.

2. Kom Qhuav

Dehumidification - lengthy thiab lub zog-intensive kev, uas yog nyob rau qhov zoo ntawm cov impregnation. Nedosushennuyu tsis yooj yim sua rau impregnate ntoo. Vaum nws yuav tsum tau tiav mus rau ib theem ntawm 28%. Kom qhuav ua lawm nyob rau hauv sib tsub sib nias (2-5 lub hlis.) Los yog kub huab cua nyob rau hauv lub ziab lag, uas yog daim los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm cov kiv cua (7-10 hnub).

3. impregnation nyob rau hauv ib tug autoclave

Nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus tsev chamber, rub tshaj noo noo. Ces teev aqueous antiseptic kaw, whereupon lub siab nyob rau hauv lub chamber yog tsa mus rau 14 atm. Tom qab tshuaj yog drained, thiab dua muaj ib lub tshuab nqus. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Impregnating roj muaj pes tsawg leeg - yog ib tug antiseptic CCA Finnish ntau lawm. Domestic counterparts ua los ntawm muaj twj thiab muaj impurities uas txo machining qhov tob thiab yooj yim ntxuav tawm lub nyob tus yeees ntawm cov ntoo.

4. Cog lus

Lub Impregnating roj muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj teeb meem tshuaj. Lub cav yuav muaj hnub nyoog rau ib txhia lub sij hawm. Thaum zoo li no tshwm sim rau hauv lub tsim ntawm insoluble antiseptic tebchaw nyob rau hauv cov ntoo qauv. Kub yuav tsum zoo. Yuav kom accelerate tus txheej txheem, cov nyiaj them yug yog kho nrog superheated chav nyob rau hauv ib tug autoclave. Canadian manufacturers kho cav tshwj xeeb lug, li no ua lub durability ntawm cov khoom.

HVL kev pab txhawb nqa

Txhim ntoo tug ua rau VL 3 chav kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas lub nominal kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntawm 1 kV los yog tsawg dua. Cov feem ntau intermediate txhawb uas yuav pab kom muaj cov nyob ntawm tej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv pom cua loads, raws li zoo raws li fittings thiab nws tus kheej yuag. Ntawm nws tus kheej, lawv muaj peev xwm tsis withstand rog generated raws kab, yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug so. Qhov no load yog coj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub thauj tog rau nkoj txhawb ntxiv struts raws nyiaj siv ua haujlwm kab axis. Yeej, lawv pab los ua ib tug nro hlau feem. Yuav kom paub lub sab loads thov thauj tog rau nkoj txhawb nrog qhov chaw ntawm kev zawm hniav los yog "ko taw" nyob rau hauv lub perpendicular kev taw qhia.

Muaj angular txhawb mus rau lub longitudinal thiab transverse loads. Lawv muab tig cov kab.

Installation yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo ncej nrog leej npav ntawm qhov chaw, thiab lub rooj sib txoos - nrog ib tug hau kaw ruaj qhov chaw.

Cov kis qhov twg notching yog ua, yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntau tshaj 4 mm. pairing qhov chaw nruj nreem haum. Qhov no yog drilled.

Tu thiab kho ntawm cov ntoo ncej

Ntoo fais tug yog kev kawm mus rau periodic soj ntsuam thiab kho. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 30-50 cm, mus saib ntawm qhov tob ntawm lwj ntoo. Yog hais tias cav txoj kab uas hla 25 cm, thiab cov hniav lwj yog ntau tshaj 3 cm, nws yog suav tias yog cov tsis zoo thiab yuav tsum tau hloov.

Kho dua ntawm cov kab, qhov chaw uas feem ntau ntawm cov ntsia ntoo txhawb, yog tsis tsawg tshaj li 6 xyoo. Tus so ntawm lub kho nqa tawm tsis pub dhau lub ntsiab lus nyob rau ntawm qhov kev pab muaj nyob rau.

Flammability ntoo tug yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm rau-intensive haujlwm los txo nws. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ntoo consoles nyob ib ncig ntawm pom trench tob ntawm 0.4 m thiab muab tshem tawm nyom nrog fab.

Paub meej txawv nrog tug ntawm cov tshiab operating kab. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias tus load rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm tus tsim tej zaum yuav ntau tshaj kev kwv yees.

Yog hais tias tug deviated los ntawm ntsug mus rau ib qho invalid nqi, ntxiv load yuav ua rau ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm thiab whipping nyob ntawm tej los sis kov rau kev nthuav dav. Lub displacements tshwm sim vim attenuation los yog txiav ntawm lub hauv paus puag them nyiaj yug, av xaav, attenuation tebchaw.

Tsim kev coj tus kheej steel cables tsau mus rau lub khib. Base dig mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 1.5 m thiab ib tug tsav tsheb mechanism ncaj them nyiaj yug. Ces qhov poob pw tsaug zog thiab rammed.

Thaum tus khib yog skewed vim loosening ntawm tus txha nrog ib tug ntaub qhwv, nws ncaj tsis displacing sucker.

Nyob rau lwj khib mounted ntaub qhwv. Ua ntej no rot yog muab tshem tawm thiab cover ncej antiseptic muab tshuaj txhuam.

Puas qhov chaw txhawb ib ntus daim hlau ua los ntawm cov ntoo los yog hlau, siv poluhomuty, bolts thiab ruaj hlau.

Paub meej ua ntej qhov kev tshem tawm mus rau lub khiav yog soj ntsuam txog kev ua raws cai nrog tsim tsis.

Yuav kom nce lub neej ntawm lub racks, lawv yuav tsum tau ntxiv impregnated thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam los ntawm txoj kev diffusion. Nyob rau hauv underground thiab aboveground ib feem ntawm cov nyiaj them yug thiab nyob rau tebchaw qhov chaw teem antiseptic bandages. Lub keej nyob rau hauv sab saum toj racks nrog tsiaj ntawv ua pib thov antiseptic muab tshuaj txhuam.

Vim lub fact tias tus loj ntawm ib tug me me ntoo them nyiaj yug, qhov kho yog tsis tshua muaj yuav tsum tau hnyav machinery.

Koj kho tsis tau free kev pab txhawb nqa rau tag nrho cov loads thiab hloov nrog ib lub tshiab nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb cov khoom.

xaus

Ntoo tug nrog impregnation zoo dua vaj tse, thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub txawm zoo, ua tsaug rau qhov loj ntawm muaj nqis. Yog li ntawd lawv muaj kev koom siv nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, koj xav tau ib tug kev lag luam txheem. Qhov no yuav tsim kom muaj uniform yuav tsum rau tag nrho cov manufacturers, li ntawd, qhov zoo tshaj yog guaranteed.