Thyroid goiter

Hauv paus thiab epithelial hlwb - cov no yog cov yooj yim cov yam ntxwv thiab tej chav nyob ntawm lub qog caj pas. Lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog ib tug protein colloid - thyroglobulin. Lub npe compound hais txog glycoproteins. Lub biosynthesis ntawm lub qog hormones thiab lawv sib cais rau hauv cov hlab ntsha yog tswj los ntawm thyrotropin anterior pituitary (TSH), uas nws synthesis yog tsa thiab inhibited by somatostatin tireoliberinom pituitary. Thaum lub concentration ntawm iodine nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thyroid hormone pituitary muaj nuj nqi yog txo kom tsawg thiab lub shortage - amplified. Nce concentration ntawm TSH provokes tsis tsuas amplification dab iodinated lawm biosynthesis, tab sis kuj diffuse los yog nodular hyperplasia ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub qog caj pas.

Mob ntawm lub qog kab mob no yog ua los siv soj ntsuam, pathological thiab biochemical thiab morphological kev kawm. Cov nram qab no yog teev raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tau kab mob: teb goiter, hypothyroidism, Graves 'kab mob, thawm goiter, prostatic qog.

Graves 'kab mob yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm hypersecretion ntawm lub qog cov tshuaj hormones thiab diffuse hypertrophy ntawm lub qog caj pas. Qhov no pathology yog suav tias yog ib tug txhob kho hom haum xeeb autoimmune kab mob uas yog raws roj ntsha. Ntxias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm goiter kis kab mob (influenza, parainfluenza, inflyuensa), pharyngitis, tonsillitis, encephalitis, kev nyuaj siab, ntev-lub sij hawm siv iodine npaj. Yam ntxwv rau cov kab mob no yog diffuse (tej zaum lus) kom thyroid cachexia.

Hashimoto hais txog ib tug kab mob autoimmune yus muaj los ntawm qhov txhab ntawm lub qog caj pas, hormone synthesis teeb meem. Qhov no daim ntawv tireroidita yus tsis synthesis ntawm cov tshuaj hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxine) thiab cov thyroid hypertrophy. Qhov no pathology yog ntau dua yuav tsum tau sau npe nyob rau hauv cov poj niam li txiv neej.

Teb goiter ntawm lub qog caj pas - ib tug kab mob yus muaj los ntawm ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lub endocrine qog, ua txhaum ntawm nws functions, metabolism, mob ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab kab systems. Deficiency ntawm iodine synergists (zinc, cobalt, tooj liab, manganese) thiab tshaj antagonists (calcium, strontium, hmoov txhuas, bromo, magnesium, hlau, fluorine) ua rau kom txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob.

Dhau li iodine deficiency goitre txoj kev loj hlob txhais los ntawm kev noj lossis loj npaum li ntawm cov khoom uas antithyroid agents (goitrogens). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog tsim havzoov goiter ntawm lub qog caj pas. Heev iodine deficiency synthesis ntawm T3 thiab T4 yog txo. Vim hais tias ntawm cov biochemical kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev nyiaj mechanisms muaj xws li, nyob rau hauv particular, nce tso pa ntawm TSH tsim prostate hyperplasia (parenchymal goiter thyroid). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kho kom zoo adsorption ntawm iodine los ntawm cov thyroid caj pas (4-8 lub sij hawm) tsub kom T3 lawm synthesis, lom ua si uas yog 5-10 zaug siab tshaj uas ntawm thyroxine. Nyob rau hauv yav tom ntej nyiaj mechanisms tsis siab tshem tawm qhov teeb meem los ntawm ntev-lub sij hawm iodine deficiency. Lub endocrine caj pas atrophied glandular cov ntaub so ntswg, hlwv yog tsim, adenoma, thaum tsim connective cov ntaub so ntswg uas yog tsim thymus hypertrophy ntawm lub qog caj pas. Thaum lub mob ntawm "thyroid goiter" ntxhov lipid, carbohydrate, protein, thiab vitamin thiab pob zeb hauv av metabolism.