Declination ntawm thaj npe nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus: nta thiab cov kev cai

Lavxias teb sab lus yog tej uas muaj ntau cov kev cai uas tswj qhov tseeb kev siv thiab sau lus. Tab sis dhau ntawd, literate tus neeg yuav tsum tau ntxias lus sib txawv. Cov npe no yog feem ntau yog ua rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov lus nug thiab xav phem cais tsis tsis tsuas yog cov me nyuam kawm ntawv, tab sis kuj cov neeg laus. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yooj yim muab cov neeg feem coob tsis kam npe, surnames, qhov chaw cov npe. Qhov no yog dab tsi peb yuav tham hnub no nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

Muab-npe: yog dab tsi?

Declination ntawm thaj npe yog raug rau tej kev cai, uas tsuas yuav tsum tau paub los ntawm lub plawv. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav nrhiav tau ntau ntawm funny rooj plaub uas yuav tuab koj thiab tsis yog ib tug heev zoo sab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov phooj ywg los yog lug txhawb cov miv.

Heev feem ntau, thaum hais txog tus poob ntawm thaj npe nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus, peb txhais li cas qhov chaw npe. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog hais txog tag nrho cov geographic identifiers nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Lo lus no los rau peb los ntawm lub Greek lus, nws yog tsim los ntawm ob tug sib txawv lus denoting txhais "qhov chaw" thiab "lub npe". Tam sim no nws yog lo lus "qhov chaw npe" yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia qhov chaw.

Kuv yuav nrhiav tau cov kev cai ntawm lub declination ntawm cov npe?

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom toj lub npe qhov chaw, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas paub cov kev cai, tab sis kuj yuav thov nws mus rau ntawm qhov chaw. Tseeb, feem ntau heev txawm tias ib tug neeg uas xav tias nws yog competent, mas qhov txawv ntawm ib tug lo lus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb phau ntawv txhais lus, uas muaj peev xwm mus saib lub poob ntawm thaj npe. Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich, piv txwv li, tau tsim ib tug zoo pab cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm tag nrho cov muaj hnub nyoog - "phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus." Txaus siab rau qhov zoo kawg nkaus qhia tau thiab cov neeg laus uas xav los txhim kho lub theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv.

hom ntawm cov npe

Ua ntej nyiab loj mus lub npe hu ua "poob ntawm thaj npe", yog tsim nyog kom paub seb dab tsi yog qhov chaw cov npe. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no yeej tseem zoo hloov cov kev cai ntawm declination. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd tus Lavxias teb sab lus nram qab no hom ntawm cov npe:

• Slavic - no muaj xws li haiv neeg Lavxias teb sab npe los yog cov neeg uas tau ntev mastered rau lub Lavxias teb sab lus;
• slozhnosostavnyh - qhov no zoo ntawm qhov chaw npe feem ntau yog muaj ob lo lus;
• cov npe ntawm cov republics;
• txawv teb chaws hom lus - zoo xws li cov npe muaj lawv tus kheej pawg, txhua tus uas muaj ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib txoj cai ntawm declination.

Cov kev cai declination Slavic npe qhov chaw

Declination ntawm thaj npe muaj Slavic cov hauv paus hniav, raws li nram no ib tug yooj yim txoj cai: lub npe yog yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus nrog lo lus thov rau nws. Cov lus no yog:

• nroog;
• lub zos;
• lub zos;
• Txoj kev thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob, qhov chaw-lub npe yog muab tso rau hauv lub poob ntawm lub defining lo lus. Piv txwv li, koj yuav yeej ib txwm hais tias "nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Samara" thiab "nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Moscow." Nco ntsoov tias defining lo lus "lub zos" yog yuav luag ib txwm cia yuav tom qab lub chaw-lub npe. Qhov no kuj siv rau cov kev zam. Cov no muaj xws li nram qab no tus neeg mob:

• qhov chaw npe yuav tsis muaj ib yam txawv ntawm ib tug defining lo lus (piv txwv li, nws yuav tsum yog rau hais tias - nyob rau hauv lub pas dej Salekhard);
• feem ntau tsis kam yuav ua tsis tau ntau tshaj ib qhov chaw npe (e.g., nyob rau hauv lub zos Topotischi).

Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov npe ntawm txoj kev, ntawm no yog cov kev cai ntawm declination ntawm qhov chaw lub npe. Placename hais txog poj niam yeej ib txwm yuav mus raws li nrog lo lus "txoj kev". Lub npe ntawm cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog xav, zoo li cov kev cai thiab ua raws li cov kev tivthaiv npe. Cov nram qab no ob peb ua ke yuav tsum tau muab ua piv txwv:

• Cherry Street vaj;
• Kaltuk rau hauv txoj kev;
• rau txoj kev suab paj nruag.

Qhov chaw-npe nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov chaw feem ntau lean: nyob rau Daj Hav dej, nyob rau hauv dhaus Cape Verde, etc ...

Declination ntawm qhov chaw npe xaus nyob rau hauv "o", "e"

Qhov no txoj cai rau cov neeg laus uas rau ib co yog vim li cas yog feem ntau overlooked. Annoying uas tsis tshwm sim txawm mus rau tus naas ej TV presenters thiab neeg sau xov xwm. Yuav kom kis tau literate txiv neej, nco ntsoov, hais tias cov Slavic npe qhov chaw neuter tsis yeem nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws yuav tsum yog hais tias:

• nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Kemerovo;
• nyob ze lub nroog ntawm Grodno;
• Komarkovo nyob rau hauv uas nyob deb nroog qhov chaw.

Oddly txaus, tab sis nws yog ib tug yooj yim txoj cai yeej ib txwm ua rau ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem. Thaum tsis muaj dab tsi yooj yim txog nws tsis, lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - yog yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov tseeb spelling.

Qhov chaw-npe xaus nyob rau hauv "s", "s", "John", "un": declination cai

Declination thaj npe ntau heev nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus yog ib yam tsis meej pem. Qhov tseeb hais tias cov kev cai ntawm lub declination ntawm cov npe qhov chaw tau hloov ntau tshaj ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los xyoo caum. Keeb kwm, lub npe qhov chaw xaus nrog "s", "s", "John", "Un" yeej ib txwm inclined. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev los yog lub tsev pheeb suab Ostashkovo Mogilev.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua thaum ntxov muaj ib tug ib txwm tsis mus ntxias cov thaj npe. Qhov no yog txuam nrog ib tug series ntawm cov tub rog ua, thaum nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob tsis meej pem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv mus thov lub sij hawm tsuas nyob rau hauv lub nominative cov ntaub ntawv. Cov tub rog nrhiav los xyuas kom meej tias cov maps thiab qhov sib txawv kev txiav txim rau ntawm qhov chaw npe yog tib yam. Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov no ze twb xam tau tias yog tus nruab nrab, thiab txawm yuav siv tau rau hauv TV.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, journalism pib rov qab mus rau cov neeg hauv daim ntawv ntawm inducement ntawm thaj npe. Tab sis lawv siv nyob rau hauv lub nominative cov ntaub ntawv, dhau lawm, nws yog dab tsi thiab muaj tseeb.

Slozhnosostavnyh Slavic npe qhov chaw

Declination thaj npe muaj ob peb lo lus, kev kawm rau tej kev cai. Yog hais tias peb yuav sib tham hais txog ib tug puas toponym, nws thawj feem yog yeej ib txwm xav, tsis hais tus muaj los yog tsis muaj ib tug defining lo lus. Cov nram qab no npe yuav tsum muab raws li ib qho piv txwv:

• Rostov-on-Don;
• Komsomolsk-Amur thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

Los ntawm txoj cai no yog ib tug tsuas yog - lub nroog ntawm Gus-Crystal. Thawj feem ntawm ib tug multipart toponym yuav tsum tsis txhob hneev.

Ua zoo tsis meej pem lub npe nyob rau hauv uas cov thawj feem yog ib tug nruab nrab zoo. Raws li cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus nws yuav tsum tau kawm rau yuav tsum tau declination, tab sis ib tug zuj zus sib ntawm lub immutability ntawm no ib feem nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tsis ntev los. Yog li ntawd, muaj tseeb, piv txwv li, ob leeg versions ntawm lub sau ntawv: Orekhovo-Zuevo thiab Orekhovo-Zuyevo.

Yuav ua li cas kom koj yaum tau npe qhov chaw - cov npe ntawm cov republics?

Thaum koj tsis paub yuav ua li cas sau ntawv lub npe ntawm cov koom pheej, nco ntsoov txoj cai, uas peb tam sim no tham. Npe xaus nyob rau hauv "Ia" thiab "Nws", yuav tsum tau muaj raws li lo lus "koom pheej". Piv txwv li, "nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Kauslim" los sis "los lub koom pheej ntawm Macedonia". Tab sis qhov no txoj cai nws muaj nws tej kev cov nyom, raws li, tseeb, nyob rau hauv ntau cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.

Official ntaub ntawv cais tau ntawm inducement xws npe, txawm hais tias journalism siv li ib txwm cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Tsuas yog ib tug siv mus rau lub tseem fwv koom pheej ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Los ntawm daim ntawv cog lus nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws, nws tau txiav txim siab tsis mus tsis kam no lub npe.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lwm yam mob, tus lub npe yog tsis muaj raws li lo lus "koom pheej" thiab yog nyob rau hauv lub nominative cov ntaub ntawv.

Txawv teb chaws-lus npe qhov chaw

Nrog lwm yam lus thaj npe nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau Lavxias teb sab neeg lis. Yooj yim rau nco ntsoov uas sawv daws yuav yog tsis inclined. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov npe qhov chaw, uas yog tsis raug tsis kam ua, xws li:

• Finnish npe;
• Georgian thiab Abkhaz (tshwj tsis yog rau lub npe ntawm lub resort);
• Fabkis txoj npe qhov chaw xaus nrog tsab ntawv "ib tug";
• slozhnosostavnyh Italian, Portuguese thiab lus Mev npe qhov chaw;
• administrative-hwv units.

Tsis tsuas npe xaus nrog "ib tug" thiab mastered nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Piv txwv li, nyob Verona thiab Ankara. Fabkis txoj npe yuav tsis kam yog hais tias lawv tau nrhiav Lavxias teb sab sounding lub kawg ntawm "ib tug".

Yog hais tias hais lwm yam lus npe qhov chaw xaus nyob rau hauv "e", "s", "thiab", "ntawm", lawv yog indeclinable. Piv txwv ntawm no kav ntau ntau:

• Tokyo;
• ntawm Mexico;
• rau Santiago.

Cov kev zam yog cov npe uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus muaj ib tug ntau tshaj tsim los ntawm ib tug txawv teb chaws lo lus. Piv txwv li, rau ib qho zuj zus "nyob rau hauv lub Himalayas."

Declension ntawm cov npe

Muaj coob tus ntseeg hais tias tus poob ntawm qhov chaw npe thiab npe muaj ib qho kev cai. Qhov no yog tsis muaj tseeb nkaus. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov kev cai muaj ntau npaum li cas nyob rau hauv ntau, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb lawv tsis yog zoo tib yam.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, qhov tseeb declension ntawm cov npe, thaj npe ua ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov, thaum kawm tiav tawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov. Heev misspelling ntawm cov npe thiab kom npe nyob rau hauv daim ntawv pov. Tsis txhob muaj cov tsis kaj siab moments yuav paub cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Cia saib cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev cai.

Declination txheem npe

Vail txheem lub npe yog heev yooj yim - lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv txoj cai zoo intuitively. Tab sis thaum lub npe twb borrowed los ntawm ib tug txawv teb chaws lus thiab xaus nrog "s", "John", lub instrumental rooj plaub no nws yuav muaj rau thaum xaus ntawm "om." Piv txwv li, lub npe Ntsuab nyob rau hauv instrumental cov ntaub ntawv yuav tau hnov raws li ib tug ntsuab.

Feem ntau cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm cov poob ntawm cov poj niam npe xaus nrog "ins". Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub nominative masculine npe. Piv txwv li, peb muaj Andrey Zhemchuzhina. Lub npe ntawm nws tus poj niam Julia yog ntshiv raws li ib tug ntau tus yog ib tus. Piv txwv li, Yuliya yam Pearls. Yog hais tias tus txiv lub npe yog Andrew Pearls, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no peb yuav tham txog tej yam uas Julia pearls.

Kev cai lub npe: yuav ua li cas kom koj yaum tau?

Yav tas los, nws twb ntseeg tau tias nyob rau hauv inducement lub npe feem ntau raug rau cov poj niam txiv ntawm ib tug neeg. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb lub predominant tau no yog tus kawg ntawm lub npe. Nws tag nrho cov nyob rau nws nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw.

Koj tsis ntshiv npe xaus nyob rau hauv:

• "E";
• "Thiab";
• "O";
• "Y";
• "S";
• "E";
• "W";
• "S";
• "Lawv."

Ntshiv txiv neej npe xaus nyob rau hauv consonants. Yog hais tias lub npe xaus nrog "I" thiab yuav tsum tau cim ua ntej nws, lub npe yuav tsum yaum. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, qhov kawg "ib tug" yog hais txog lub npe indeclinable.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog tsis yog li ntawd yooj yim. Tiam sis yog tias koj nco ntsoov ib tug ob peb cov kev cai uas teev tseg rau peb, koj yuav tsis ntsej mua nce ntshav vim tsis yog sau npe qhov chaw thiab npe.