Thyroid hormones: lub qhov chaw, tus nqi ntawm pathology

Cov tib neeg lub cev - ib tug coherent system nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov uas dab yog tswj los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Thiab txhua txhua lub cev nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg txhawb kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev ua hauj lwm.

Nrog rau lub paj hlwb yog ib yam ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntxawg mechanisms - tus tib neeg endocrine system. Nws thiaj li tawm tau qhov kev txiav txim los ntawm endocrine qog, uas paim cov tshuaj hormones muaj tej yam nta thiab tej tropism rau lub hom phiaj hlwb. Yog li, cov thyroid caj pas plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cev txoj kev loj hlob thiab muaj feem xyuam rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm kev sib pauv. Nws qhia txog cov thyroid hormones, uas ua rau kom lub cev, lub hlwb txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam, muab metabolism thiab lub zog nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus. Nyob rau hauv lem, lawv cov khoom yog tswj los ntawm lub paj hlwb, namely bioactive tshuaj pituitary thiab hypothalamic tso yam. Yog li, cov thyroid hormones yog ib txwm thaum ib tug tej theem nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab ua rau kom lub cev nrog rau kev pab tshwj xeeb, lawv quav kuj qhia ib tug tsis muaj cov thyroid muaj nuj nqi thiab iodine.

cov tshuaj hormones

Glandula thyroidea (thyroid) yog txuas mus rau lub raj cua thiab muaj txoj cai thiab sab laug lobes kev cob cog rua ntawm ib tug Isthmus. Direct synthesis ntawm cov thyroid hormones yog ua nyob rau hauv nws cov hauv paus uas muaj colloid sab hauv, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv protein - thyroglobulin. Nrog ntxiv iodination ntawm tyrosine residues nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv thiab tom ntej summation ntawm lub tebchaw tau thiab tsim triiodothyronine thiab tetraiodothyronine (T3 thiab T4). Ntxiv tireiodnye cov tshuaj hormones derived ntawm thyroglobulin molecule cleaved thiab tso tawm rau hauv cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv free daim ntawv. Lawv muaj sib txawv ntau, thiab sib txawv nyob rau hauv potency (T3 sawv ho qis koob, tab sis nws potency yog npaum li cas zoo tshaj qhov ntawd ntawm T4). Txawm li cas los, cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj hormones rau lub cev muaj tib yam: pab roj thiab carbohydrate metabolism (nce zib) txhais gluconeogenesis, siab glycogen inhibit tsim thiab txhim khu protein synthesis (nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau npaum li cas, conversely, txhim khu disintegration ntawm lub yav tas).

Nws yog manifested los ntawm lub fact tias lawv muaj ntshav siab thiab lub plawv dhia thiab lub cev kub, leeb puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev xav dab. Nyob rau hauv lub embryonic lub sij hawm thyroid hormones yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub ntau yam ntawm ntaub so ntswg thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Nyob rau hauv thaum yau, ua rau kom txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev puas hlwb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv txhim khu erythropoiesis, qis tubular reabsorption ntawm cov dej.

kab mob

Nyob rau hauv ib co kab mob, thyroid hormone secretion yog txo (hypothyroidism). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm cov tshuaj. Qhov ntawd yuav pab kom txawm peem rau cov tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus hais xws BAKC thyroid hormones? Tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no - yog "Levothyroxine" (T4), "Liotironin" (T3) thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm iodine-muaj tshuaj. Raws li ib tug disadvantage, thiab tshaj thyroid hormones ua rau metabolic mob nyob rau hauv lub cev uas yog clinically manifest ua txhaum ntawm homeostasis thiab psychomotor yam kev ua si. Lub degree ntawm kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog (cretinism xwb nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam), cov theem ntawm muaj tsis txaus los yog tshaj ntawm cov tshuaj hormones (hyperthyroidism 1, 2, 3 degrees). Thaum kawg muaj tsis taus pa, palpitations, nce ntshav siab, mob ntawm tag nrho cov hom kev pauv. Nrog ib tug tsis muaj, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, tsis metabolism, tus neeg mob yuav sluggish, tsis muaj ab tsi.