Xov xwm thiab Society, Kab lis kev cai
Stalin skyscraper nyob rau hauv Moscow. 7 Stalinist skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow (yees duab)
Yim puas hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow tuaj rau hauv lub nyuaj post-tsov rog lub sij hawm. Lub teb chaws cia li pib rov qab los rau hauv lub Nazi ntxeem tau. Txawm li cas los, nws yog ib qhov kev siv ntawm Stalin lub skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow yog launched rau hnub no.
tso lub hauv paus
USSR Council of Ministers nyob rau hauv 1947 tau txais ib tug daws teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm yim high-sawv vaj tse nyob rau hauv Moscow. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov kev txiav txim tau luam tawm nrog rau kev pom zoo thiab txawm tias, tej zaum, nyob rau hauv cov teg num ntawm Stalin.
Pw lub hauv paus coj qhov chaw nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau tib hnub, lub hnub ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm lub hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub capital - nyob rau hauv 7 lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj. Ib teev ua ntej lawm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet cheeb tsam tau los ua ib tug monument Yuriyu Dolgorukomu, qhov tus tsim ntawm Moscow. Muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg hais tias cov txheej xwm tau tsim muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov tseeb hais tias, raws li ib zaug Yury Dolgoruky nteg lub lub hauv paus rau lub Lavxias teb sab capital txij thaum lub hnub ntawm nws 800th hnub yug, nws foom koob hmoov rau nws nrog ib tug tshiab loj, tej zaum koj yuav hais tias, epochal lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv nws cov keeb kwm .
Stalin skyscraper nyob rau hauv Moscow twb npaj raws li ib tug personification ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm cov loj heev lub teb chaws thiab tag nrho lub Soviet neeg. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv twb ua tau, thiab nyob rau hauv ib co lwm lub zos ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab lub socialist lub teb chaws.
Cov neeg pej xeem nrog lub tswv yim
Raws li ib co lus ceeb toom, cov thawj lub tswv yim ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm siab vaj tse nyob rau hauv Moscow yog txawm ntau ambitious. Yim high-sawv vaj tse yuav tsum tsim nyog ntawm tej ib chig txawm ntau impressive vaj tse - lub Palace ntawm soviets, crowned los ntawm lub monumental daim duab ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub proletariat - VI Lenin. Txawm li cas los, peb tes num twb destined rau tsis.
Txawm tias lub hauv paus tso. Ntxiv mus, nws twb demolished lub tuam tsev ntawm Khetos tus Cawm Seej, nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw uas nws pib tsim kho ntawm lub Palace ntawm soviets.
Nws ua hauj lwm rau peb tes num pab neeg ntawm architects coj los BM Iofana.
Hais txog monumental projected tsev hais tias tsawg kawg yog qhov tseeb hais tias tsuas yog tus sab hauv lub ntim ntawm lub palace yuav haum raws li peb ntawm lub pyramid ntawm Cheops. Daim duab Lenin yuav tsum ncav cuag 100 meters. Ib tug tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lub Palace ntawm cov soviets nrog lub monument los nyob rau hauv lub 420 meters. Thaum lub sij hawm, ntau dua qhov lub vaj tse tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Siv cov kev faib pib nyob rau hauv 1937. Ua ntej tsov rog tau txawm tsim ib lub hauv paus steel vaj tse raws li siab raws li kaum-storey tsev. Txawm li cas los, tsov rog tsis tau tsuas yog tu ncua kev tsim kho, tab sis kuj yuam kom lauj hlau thiab xa mus rau qhov kev siv ntawm ntau tshaj li tsim nyog rau tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub capital khoom: choj thiab kev sib cais phab ntsa.
Tag lub monumental kwv thiab ua tsis tau tejyam. Nws lub hauv paus tau ntev functioned pas dej ua ke, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Kwvyees li xyoo 1990 rau ntawm qhov chaw lub tuam tsev ntawm Khetos tus Cawm Seej tau rebuilt.
Tab sis Stalin skyscraper nyob rau hauv Moscow tau tsa.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws skyscraper
Nyob rau Sparrow toj nws ua tau lub siab tshaj skyscraper Stalin - lub ntsiab lub tsev ntawm Moscow State University. Nws ua tau plaub lub xyoos - los ntawm 1949 mus rau lub 1953rd. Project Team Architects: SE Chernyshev, L. Rudnev, PV Abrosimov, V. Nasonov thiab AF Boars.
Muaj pov thawj hais tias lub tsev ncej siv coj 40 tons ntawm hlau thiab cov phab ntsa -. 175 lab bricks. Star Nyhav ntsia rau qhov kub tse ntawm cov high-sawv, yog hais txog 12 tons.
Lub qhov siab ntawm lub ntsiab lub cev nce mus txog MSU 236 meters, lub tsev muaj 36 plag tsev. Rau nws, 68 elevators thiab high-ceev chaw tau ua.
Nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm high-sawv ua hauj lwm ntau neeg raug kaw uas tau cog lus tseg tso mus tsev ntxov, thaum lub tsev yuav tsum ua. Yuav kom nyob ze rau tus kwv builders tau ib lub koom haum kev sib hais haum Solntsevo. Tam sim no nws tau ua ib qho chaw ntawm lub capital.
Nyob rau hauv post-Soviet lub sij hawm, implausible dab neeg raws li nceb, overgrown Stalinist skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow: lub mystic nyob rau hauv lawv prevails tshaj kev muaj tiag. Piv txwv li, tham txog daim card cai huv nam, haum rau txhua txhua chav tsev nyob thiab chaw nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav eavesdrop rau kev sib tham ntawm cov neeg. Thiab hais txog MSU legends hais tias nws mus rau hauv cov av nyob rau tib lub npaum li cas, yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam yees saum toj no rau hauv av. Nyob rau hauv lub qab daus ntawm nws tsev nyob txoj kev npaj mus rau qhov chaw ib tug missile tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm lub capital.
"Lub tsev ntawm aviators"
Stalin skyscraper nyob rau hauv Moscow tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub capital. Piv txwv li, high-sawv thaj tsev sawv los ntawm cov Square uprising. Thaum nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw yog ib lub zos Kudrin. Tam sim no lub square rov qab nws lub npe qub - Kudrinskaya.
Siv cov kev faib ntawm skyscrapers pib nyob rau hauv 1948 thiab twb nyob rau hauv 1954. Nws qhov siab yog 156 meters. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev 24 muaj pem teb (central ib feem), lub sab extensions muaj 18 plag tsev. Lub tsev no yog tsim los rau 450 qhov.
Lub tsev no yog tsim los ntawm kws kes duab vajtse A. Mndoyants thiab MV Posokhin.
Rau WWII lub sij hawm, lub tsev no yog tiag tiag zoo kawg li: marble staircases, high-ceev elevators, khab seeb lobbies, cov chav uas muaj ceilings ... Qhov nyob rau hauv lub high-sawv mus rau neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub chaw ua dav hlua kev lag luam - namely, xeem pilots, astronauts, aircraft designer, li ntawd, nws twb hu ua "lub tsev ntawm aviator ". Txawm li cas los, peb nyob ntawm no thiab tog neeg ua hauj lwm, thiab lam.
Lub tsev kuj muaj ib tug kav, ua yeeb yam, underground chaw nres tsheb thiab ntau npaum li cas.
Qab nthab tsis muaj hnub qub
Ministry ntawm Txawv Teb Chaws Affairs tsev ua tau nyob rau hauv peb tes num ntawm architects M. Minkus thiab VG Gelfreich. Nws qhib xya Stalinist skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow, raws li nws twb xub tsa. Tsev towered rau 172 meters rau Smolenskaia Nyab-cheeb tsam muaj 27 cov plag tsev, nruab nrog 28 kev nqa kab, feem ntau ntawm cov uas twb high-ceev.
Nyob rau hauv cov thawj kev npaj thawj lub tsev muaj ib tug kub tse. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, nws tsis zoo li Stalin. Thiab, raws li cov dab neeg mus, nws twb qhia rau urgently tiav lub tsev nws. Qhov no nyiag ib co teeb meem, feem ntau vim hais tias ntawm lub ntxiv load. Yog li ntawd tus kub tse ntsia tau rau hauv ntau cov hniav, ntawv hlau. Lawm, tej nuj nqis ntawm cov uas lub hnub qub hais lus yuav tsis mus (yuav tsis sawv qhov kub tse). Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 114 meters los ua ib tug lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab hauv lub USSR.
Los ntawm txoj kev, niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv Stalin Skyscraper yog tsis tsuas cov Ministry ntawm Txawv Teb Chaws Affairs, tab sis lub Ministry ntawm Txawv Teb Chaws Economic Relations thiab Trade ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.
qhov siab thib ob - "Ukraine"
Siv cov kev faib ntawm lub tsev pib nyob rau hauv 1953, tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1957, nws yog twb nyob rau hauv Khrushchev. Txawm li cas los, thiab Ameslikas nws twb xeeb tsev so. Ntawm no yog cov cia li ib lub npe rau nws, Khrushchev xaiv lwm. Tom qab tag nrho, Ukraine - nws birthplace.
Lub tsev twb ua tau lub tsev nyob rau hauv peb tes num ntawm architects AG Mordvinova thiab VK Oltarzhevskaya rau Kutuzovsky Prospekt. Qhov siab tsis muaj tus kub tse nce mus txog 198 meters, lub kub tse ntxiv lwm 8 meters. Nyob rau hauv high-sawv lub tsev - 34 plag tsev.
Ncig saib ntawm lub Stalinist skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsis muaj sab thiab "Ukraine". Txawm tias, yog hais tias tsuas vim hais tias nws yog nyob ib diorama, los yog cov layout ntawm Moscow nyob rau hauv 1977. Nws twb ua rau lub teb chaws Exhibition nyob rau hauv America, thiab kom nws Ministry ntawm Txawv Teb Chaws Affairs. Ua ib tug diorama ntawm ib tug heev elaborate thiab historic centre ntawm Moscow yog yuav luag kom huv si.
Hotel los ntawm 2005 mus 2010, tau undergone ib tug loj overhaul, nws ua lub tshiab cov tswv. Tom qab hais tias, lub tsev so twb muaj npe «RadissonRoyalHotel».
muaj tswv yim intelligentsia tsev
Siv cov kev faib ntawm lub tsev pib txawm ua ntej tsov rog (1938-1940 gg.), Thiab twb nyob rau hauv 1952. Architects - AK Rostkowska thiab DN Chechulin.
Lub tsev muaj 32 plag tsev thiab nws qhov siab nce mus txog 176 meters. Nws twb adorned nrog turrets thiab sculptural pab pawg. Nyob rau hauv ib tug heev zoo nkauj qhov chaw - nyob rau txuas ntawm lub Moskva dej thiab lub Yauza.
Tsis xov xwm hais tias Stalin skyscraper nyob rau hauv Moscow, tej ua ntawm neeg raug kaw. Hais txog MSU tsev twb tham. Lub tsev nyob ntawm waterfront Tinkers kuj ua lub "convicts".
Tej zaum lub tswv yim ntawm lub tsoom fwv ib zaug hauv lub tsev yuav tsum tau muaj lwm lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, dhau lawm, mus rau txawv legends. Txawm li cas los, tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev muab intellectuals. Thaum ntau lub sij hawm, muaj nyob Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Galina Ulanova, Andrei Voznesensky, Faina Ranevskaya, Lyudmila Zykina, Nona Mordjukova thiab ntau lwm yam celebrities. Yog li ntawd hais tias lub tsev yog ib qho tseem ceeb.
Cov av pem teb tsis muaj tsev nyob ib post chaw ua hauj lwm, ib tug bakery, ib tug xinesmas.
Thaum tus heev qhov siab ntawm lub vaj nplhaib
Vim hais tias cov Stalinist skyscraper tau ua nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm lub vaj nplhaib, nws yog, txawm lub me me luaj li piv rau lwm yam vaj tse, nws zoo heev impressive thiab visually ua tsis tau zoo mus rau lwm yam.
Lub tsev twb ua tau lub tsev nyob rau hauv peb tes num ntawm architects BS Mezentsev thiab IB Dushkin. Nws yog tus thawj tswj thiab pej xeem lub tsev 138 'meter' qhov siab. Nws tsev pheebsuab yog crowned nrog longline hom.
Siv cov kev faib ntawm high-sawv nyob rau hauv lub Red rooj vag cheeb tsam yog fraught nrog ib co teeb meem. Muaj kuj yog ua lub deepest metro chaw nres tsheb, thiab ib tug tis ntawm cov tsev situated tshaj qhov chaw nres tsheb. Tsis yooj yim kom tau architects. Tab sis lawv tau ua txhua yam raws li xav tau, siv ingenious lub tswv yim: tus khov ntawm excavation thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev nyob rau ntawm ib lub (thaum defrosted qhov, leveled lub tsev).
Administrative tsev nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, coj lub Ministry ntawm Thauj Engineering. "Transstroi" Tam sim no muaj cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub corporation. Nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub tsev, uas twb nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm lub Stalinist skyscraper, Mikhail Lermontov yug.
Qhov tseem "petite" - tsev so "Leningrad"
Hotel "Leningrad" qhov siab (136 meters) qab lwm high-sawv, tab sis nws yog superior rau tag nrho lwm cov sab hauv tag. Nws combines lub ntsiab ntawm ancient architecture thiab lub tuam tsev architecture. Sab hauv tsawg breeds ntawm pob zeb raug siv, lossis loj siv lead ua chandeliers, ib nyem depicting Georgiya Pobedonostsa, wrought hlau qhov rooj, puab ... Lub architects ntawm lub tsev - LM Tug thiab AB Boretsky.
Lub tsev so yog tam sim no hu ua «HiltonMoscowLeningradskaya», ib lub koom haum tshwj xeeb tours.
Lub tsev so nyob ze rau Komsomolskaya Square, tseem hu ua lub "Peb Noj Square" (Kazan, Yaroslavl thiab Leningrad).
Chaw nyob Stalinist skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow tsis tau paub tseeb. Raws li kev cai yog: Vorobyovy Gory, Kudrinskaya Square, Tinkers embankment, Kutuzov Avenue, Liab rooj vag cheeb tsam, thiab Arbat Street Kalanchevskaya.
Yog lub yim skyscraper?
Nyob rau hauv lub hnub tseem ceeb hnub ntawm 8 vaj tse ntawm Moscow nws tso. Tus thawj tswj lub tsev, uas yog npaj yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv them nyiaj (kes duab vajtse Dmitry Chechurin), tsis muaj lub sij hawm los tsim kom tau. Los ntawm 1953 nws yog npaj txhij xwb stylobate.
Tom qab Stalin tus tuag, tus siv site twb mothballed. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub 60s, nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw ua lub tsev so "Russia", uas yog ces demolished.
Yog li ntawd yuav ua li cas Stalin lub skyscrapers nyob rau hauv Moscow? Xya. Thiab txhua yam uas lawv tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mloog. Nws yog zaj dab neeg ntawm lub capital.
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