Trinity-Sergius suab puam: yees duab, architecture. Yuav ua li cas yog lub Trinity-Sergius suab puam?

Ib tug zoo heev monument ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm - qhov Trinity-Sergius suab puam (Lavxias teb sab figured architecture) - lub xeev tiv thaiv niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los, lub monastery yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm lub sij hawm nyuaj, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas ib txhia tsev twb irretrievably poob. Niaj hnub no txhua txhua tus pej xeem ntawm Russia paub seb nws zoo li Trinity-Sergius suab puam. Nws yog ib tug tiag tiag cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, thiab tsim nyog paub txog nws txhua Lavxias teb sab.

nrhiav ntawm lub monastery

Nyob rau hauv 1734, lub Lavxias teb sab Empress Anna Ivanovna txiav txim siab mus rau cov hloov hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv 10 mais ntawm Petersburg, uas yav tas los tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub seaside villa ntawm lub Duchess ntawm Mecklenburg-Schwerin, cov laus niam hluas ntawm lub Empress, nws confessor. Archimandrite ntawm lub Trinity-Sergius Monastery Varlaam xav tau ib leeg, rau xws li ib tug nyob nraim yeej ncuab thiab ib tug tshiab lub ntiaj teb twb npaj. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas lub Trinity-Sergius suab puam, sawv cev ntawm lub monastery, uas hu ua kev pab raws li Barlaam. Lo lus "suab puam" txhais tau tias "qhov chaw ntawm solitude, qho," tom qab "monastery". Barlaam kuj tau txais kev tso cai yuav tsiv mus nyob lub tsev tshiab ib tug me me ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Assumption of lub Blessed nkauj xwb niam mab liab los ntawm lub qub txeeg qub tes ntawm poj huab tais Praskovya Feodorovna. Nws yog thawj lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov monastery, uas twb raug muab tshwj tseg nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh Tej zaum 2, 1735. Deserts, los ntawm txoj cai ntawm lub Abbot, yog sai nkag mus rau hauv tej chaw, nws hnyav nyob rau hauv cov ntseeg lub neej ntawm St. Petersburg yog sai ua, tab sis yog tseem 30 xyoo monastery yog ib tug me me secluded chaw nyob ze ntawm lub Gulf ntawm Finland.

lub heyday

Nyob rau hauv Elizabeth, Trinity-Sergius suab puam yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab raws li txoj cai. Lub Empress txiav txim siab teem rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub cloister "tagnrho" monastery thiab noj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev ua los ua li ntawd. Ntxhais ntawm Peter lub Great hlub los tsim, nyob rau hauv nws reign Petersburg tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg tsim nyog vaj tse: Lub caij ntuj no Palace, lub Cathedral ntawm lub Smolny Monastery, Grand Peterhof Palace, Tsarskoye selo loj palace.

Txiav txim siab mus txia ua lub Trinity-Sergius suab puam, uas nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo nkaus li: nyob rau hauv lub lag ntawm lub monastery nws twb tos rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub fateful coup thiab yog muaj tus thawj kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus zoo siab xaus ntawm cov kev tshwm sim, Elizaveta Petrovna pib nrog rau cov kev siv. Empress kev txiav txim kws kes duab vajtse PA Trezzini project Holy Trinity Cathedral. Kws kes duab vajtse ua rau ib tug thawj zaug kev kee ntawm lub Smolny Convent Rastrelli thiab tsim ib tug tshiab duab ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tuam tsev.

Nyob rau hauv 1756, lub tsev teev ntuj pib tsim tsa, ces tsim nyob rau hauv 1758 lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh, ua pob zeb hlwb rau cov monks, khwb yees thiab phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv 1764, Trinity-Sergius suab puam nyob rau hauv Strelna tau txais kev ywj pheej, nws yog tsis subordinate mus rau lub Trinity-Sergius Lavra, lub monastery stands ntawm lub taub hau ntawm nws tus kheej Archimandrite. Tab sis Elizabeth tsis pom no transformation nyiam cov suab puam, rau cov uas tsis yog tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm. Archimandrite txoj hauj lwm feem ntau nyob los ntawm cov neeg tshiab uas cia li tsis muaj lub sij hawm ua ib yam dab tsi tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov suab puam.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1834 pib ib lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub Trinity-Sergius suab puam. Ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub monastery stands ib tug heev interesting neeg - Ignatius Bryanchaninov, ib tug ci ntsa iab kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yam xws li tshuab, muaj zog kws sau paj lug, nobleman, uas muab ib tug fascinating lub neej kev thiab muab lawv txhais tes nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub monastery. Nicholas kuv muab nws cov lus cog tseg - ua ntawm lub Trinity-Sergius suab puam qauv ntawm tag nrho cov monasteries. Nees nkaum xyoo Abbot strove ntawm lub hom phiaj no, thiab ib tug zoo deal nws ua.

Ib tug ntawm cov nquag qhua ntawm lub monastery los ua tus huab tais nws tus kheej, uas feem ntau hais rau tswv yim thiab foom koob hmoov ntawm Archimandrite. Ignatius teem zoo nkauj nruj kev cai nyob rau hauv lub monastery, tsim ib tug canon ntawm lub hom Optina. Nws successor Ignatius Malyshev tom ntej 40 xyoo txuas ntxiv qhov kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab strengthening ntawm lub monastery. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, lub Trinity-Sergius suab puam Diam duab uas niaj hnub no qhia xwb ib feem ntawm nws cov greatness, ua li nrog lub tsev tshiab: churches, thaj vaj tse, ua liaj ua teb vaj tse, lub tsev qiv ntawv, uas muaj ntau tshaj li 6000 phau ntawv. Lub monastery ua ib tug tiag tiag lub zos me me, nws qhib ntau lub tsev kawm, tsev laus, tsev kho mob rau cov neeg pluag lub tsev so. Nws twb tuaj koom tau los ntawm ntu 50 ntawm ib feem kaum, nyob qhov twg lub monks cultivated cov qoob loo, zaub. Trinity-Sergius suab puam yuav prestigious thiab authoritative qhov chaw, tuaj ntawm no los thov Vajtswv kom paub nws tojntxas so ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg nto moo thiab neeg nto moo.

Qhov kawg Abbot ntawm lub monastery Sergius yog sab ntsuj plig txiv ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Duke Dmitry thiab Konstantin Romanov. Ua ntej tus kiv puag ncig, lub monastery ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sab ntsuj plig lub neej ntawm lub xeev, yog ib tug tseem ceeb kev cai thiab kev nyiaj txiag center.

xyoo ntawm losses

Txhua yam hloov tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv 1919, lub Monastery ntawm lub Trinity-Sergius suab puam kaw, txawm hais tias cov kev pab cuam tau txuas ntxiv rau tej lub sij hawm. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm cov monks exiled, ib co tseem nyob rau hauv lub zos ua hauj lwm rau commune. monastery vaj tse twb looted nyob rau hauv 1921 lub Bolsheviks tua pom lub rector ntawm St. Sergius. Nyob rau hauv 1931, muaj qhib ib tug tub rog kev cob qhia tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog lub vaj tse ntawm cov monastery raug kev txom nyem heev thaum lub sij hawm shelling. Tab sis qhov phem tshaj pib nyob rau hauv 60 lub xyoos. Nyob rau hauv 1962, tus Vaj Ntsuj Trinity Cathedral, thiab ceased mus yuav ib tug monument twb demolished. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Intercession ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj nkauj xwb twb tshuab mus nyob rau hauv 1964, nyob rau qhov siab ntawm Khrushchev lub antireligious phiaj los nqis tes. Nyob rau hauv 1968 nws rhuav tshem cov tsev teev ntuj ntawm Sawv Rov Los.

monastery hnub no

Nyob rau hauv 1993, Trinity-Sergius suab puam yees duab uas nyob rau lub sij hawm uas yog ib tug pitiful pom, twb muab tshaj mus rau lub Koom Txoos Orthodox. Maj mam pib kho tshiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub monastery monks tswm dua. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj Sergiya Radonezhskogo ua kev pab, rov qab kho cov kev puas tsuaj tojntxas niaj restoration nyob rau hauv lub tseem muaj sia nyob tsev. Monks npau suav puas tau rov qab kho cov ploj, tab sis kom deb li deb tau tsis mus txog lub ob txhais tes, lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub monastery muaj ntau. Tseem, qhov Trinity-Sergius suab puam, cov architecture uas yog cov fwm txawm hnub no muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev txawj thiab txuj ci ntawm architects, txaus mus rau lub qhov muag lawv qhua chaw.

Lub architectural complex

Lub architectural style ntawm lub suab puam tau muab txhais raws li ib tug tshuaj Lavxias teb sab architecture patterned. Cov vaj tse ntawm lub monastery combines cov tsim canons ntawm architecture nrog lub tswv yim. Thaum koj tsim ib lub monastery twb siv classical npaj tswvyim, thaum qhov chaw ntawm lub nyob tus yeees yog lub ntsiab lub tuam tsev thiab lub cheeb tsam uas nyob ib sab mus rau nws, thiab twb muab tso nyob ib ncig ntawm tus so ntawm lub tsev. Lub ntsiab tsev ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 19th caug xyoo. Ntawm no koj yuav saib tau lub ntsiab ntawm eclecticism, uas yog yam rau lub Lavxias teb sab thiab European architecture ntawm lub sij hawm. Tsis tas li ntawd rau lub vaj tse ntawm tus monastery yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm Lavxias teb sab motives.

Trinity-Sergius suab puam xam architecture uas yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm txoj kev siv ntawm lub teb chaws motives nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev architecture, ua tau raws li ib tug Lavxias teb sab monastery, nws yuav tsum tau hais lus zoo li ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab tag nrho lub vaj tse. Qhov kawg puab ntawm lub cloister twb tsim los ntawm lub xeem lub quarter ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub complex muaj ntau tshaj 10 ceremonial vaj tse thiab ob peb cov vaj tse rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Nws ua hauj lwm ntau nto moo architects. P. Trezzini tsim peb tes num ntawm lub Trinity Cathedral thiab npaj ib tug kev loj hlob tes num cheeb tsam, Luidzhi Ruska ua lub tsev laus, AM Weasels tsa Intercession thiab tus Cawm Seej Chapel, ua hauj lwm rau tej yaam num Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Intercession, thiab Grigoriya Bogoslova, los ntawm Rastrelli lub tsev monastic hlwb. Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb yog tus monastery tojntxas, qhov twg yog faus ntau nto moo tub Russia, tam sim no maj mam recovering nws keeb kwm zoo li.

Tuam tsev cov neeg dawb huv Sergius

Trinity-Sergius suab puam yog Ameslikas los ua ib ncig lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh. Tus thawj lub tuam tsev raug ua los ntawm cov ntoo, nws twb tsiv los ntawm St. Petersburg. Qhov kawg ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw tsa thawj pob zeb cathedral, uas nyob rau hauv 1854 ib zaug dua ho rebuilt. Kws kes duab vajtse Gornostaev ua ib pawg ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub Byzantine style, nrog rau tsib tshooj thiab ob chapels: Yexus tus Cawm Seej ntawm lub qhov ntxa uas raug tua Zenaida Apraksins thiab cov graves ntawm lub Yusupov. Loj ob-storey tuam tsev yuav haum li 2 txhiab tus neeg, nws yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tsuas iav qhov rais nyob rau hauv lub Romanesque style. Lub iconostasis yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog precious thiab semiprecious pob zeb, mosaic pem teb yog ua raws li cov sketches ntawm kes duab lub vajtse. Lub tsev teev ntuj dim tag nrho cov nyuaj lub sij hawm thiab tseem ua hauj lwm hnub no.

Architecture Trinity Monastery

Trinity Monastery los ua lub plawv ntawm lub monastery. Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1756, tej hauj lwm twb saib xyuas los ntawm kes duab lub vajtse P. Trezzini. Lub tsib-domed Cathedral ntawm cov pob zeb ua tau nyob rau hauv 4 xyoo. Tuam tsev ntaus ib tug nplua nuj sab hauv: stucco, frescoes thiab paintings, ib tug ntau ntawm lub teeb - tag nrho cov no tsim ib tug txiav txim zoo ntawm festivity. Ib tug me me lub tuam tsev, nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm 600 cov neeg, ntaus cov gorgeous saib. Nws Trezzini embodied qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm baroque architecture. Muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus, stucco, tsib dim de txheej txheem ncaws tuam tsev nrog txhua ua ceremonial thiab luxurious. Nws tau los ua ib tug benchmark rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub koom txoos thoob plaws Russia los ntawm ntau li ntau 20 xyoo.

Tuam tsev sib txuas lus. martyr valerian

Trinity-Sergius suab puam yog tus kawg qhov chaw nkaum ntawm ntau ntau cov txiv neej, ib tug ntawm lawv yog Graf valerian Zubov, ib tug zoo heev commander, conqueror ntawm Derbent. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm nws lub burial storey tuam tsev nrog ib tug portico nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman style ua tau. Lub tsev muaj ib tug txawv txawv zoo rotunda, nyob rau hauv uas yog nyob ib semicircular iconostasis. Lub tsev no ib zaug xwb complex nrog ib tug neeg xiam oob qhab tsev. Kom txog rau thaum hnub no, qhov kev siv fwm, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug heev distorted daim ntawv vim rearrangements nyob rau hauv lub 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, thaum nws tsis muaj tsev nyob lub zog colony.

Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Intercession ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj nkauj xwb

Suab puam ua tau ua tsaug rau lub zoo-paub cov neeg muas zaub, raws li lub tuam tsev ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj nkauj xwb yog lub tsev, txiav txim los ntawm tub huabtais Kochubey nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm nws tuag tus poj niam. Peb tes num tsim ib lub tsev teev ntuj R. Kuzmin, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1859-1863 tau rebuilt thiab ua kom tiav los ntawm Harald Bosse. Ib tug me me tab sis siab heev lub tuam tsev no yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance style, tsim lub keeb kwm tsos ntawm tus monastery. Lub tsev twb ntsib nrog grey pob zeb los ntawm Scotland thiab yog heev reminiscent ntawm Florence Cathedral. Lub tsev teev ntuj twb puas lawm nyob rau hauv 1964.

Grigorievsky tuam tsev

Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Grigoriya Bogoslova ua tau nyob rau hauv 1855-1857 xyoo los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub kws kes duab vajtse Alexander II AM Shtakenshnejdera. Nws yog pab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab-Byzantine style thiab yog ib tug me me chav tsev nrog bunk iconostasis, sau rau ntawm ib tug kub tom qab, thiab cov dawb marble ntxa ntawm lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb G. Kushelev. Trinity-Sergius suab puam yog tam sim no ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub kho tshiab ntawm lub sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tuam tsev, uas tau raug fwm nyob rau hauv ib tug converted daim ntawv no, tab sis tsis ua.

Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Kev Sawv Rov Los

Petersburg Monastery Trinity-Sergius suab puam yeej ib txwm tus epitome ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig. Qhov tseem "Lavxias teb sab" tsev tej zaum yuav hu ua ib tug hip tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Kev Sawv Rov Los ntawm Tswv Yexus. Nws ua tau nyob rau hauv 1877-1880 nyob rau hauv peb tes num ntawm A. Parland, tus naas ej sau ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm tus Cawm Seej rau spilled cov ntshav nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Facades cov dawb lias cib, tsuas iav qhov rais, bas-relief uas muaj nuj nqis ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntseeg - tag nrho cov no ua rau cov Kev Sawv Rov Los Cathedral zoo li ib tug zoo nkauj qho khoom ua si. Lub sab hauv ntawm cov nyiaj, porphyry, bronze kuj ntaus brilliance. Nyob rau hauv 1968 lub tsev teev ntuj twb tshuab mus.