Siv cov yoj thaj chaw ntawm lub teeb. diffraction grating

Nthwv dej ntawm qhov teeb muaj twb tau muaj pov thawj rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Yuav kom daws tau cov tswv yim muaj teeb meem feem ntau siv tej ntsiab cai ntawm geometric optics, tab sis lub yoj thaj chaw ntawm lub teeb yog heev lug siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb niaj hnub science thiab technology. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm no yog ib tug diffraction. Lub peev xwm ntawm ib tug yoj khoov nyob ib ncig ntawm obstacles ces yuav tsum nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev, thiab yus los ntawm lub teeb. Qhov no tshwm sim tshwm sim thaum lub tsis poob nyob rau hauv lub Scope ntawm thiaj li hu ua geometric duab ntxoov ntxoo. Cov kev tshab txhais ntawm lub phenomenon ntawm diffraction muab Huygens 'kuj. Raws li qhov no piav qhia, txhua taw tes rau hauv txoj kev ntawm lub yoj tau li, ua ib tug lub chaw rau theem nrab tsis. Lub hnab ntawv ntawm cov tsis yog muab wavefront txoj hauj lwm rau txhua tus tom ntej taw tes rau hauv lub sij hawm.

Nyob rau hauv lub Piv txwv li ib lub dav hlau yoj nquag teeb meem rau ib lub qhov ua nyob rau hauv ib tug opaque screen, cov kev tshawb xav ntawm Huygens, txhua point ntawm uas yog faib ib tug qhib feem ntawm lub wavefront, xam qhovkev muaj peev xwm los ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm ob vuag (nyob rau hauv ib tug homogeneous isotropic nruab nrab yog kheej kheej).

Nws suffices los txua lub hnab ntawv ntawm cov theem nrab tsis ntawm ib tug taw tes nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, mus tau yooj yim lw phenomenon ntawm diffraction yoj ntug ntawm lub qhov. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov wavefront nkag mus rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm thiaj li hu ua geometrical duab ntxoov ntxoo.

Siv diffraction zog yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv, hu ua ib tug diffraction grating. Nyob rau hauv lawv thawj zaug thwmsim uas lub diffraction ntawm lub teeb Dzheyms Gregori siv li ib txwm plaub. Tom qab, nws twb hloov los ntawm ib tug kev kho qhov muag ntaus ntawv. Lub diffraction grating sau rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug tej yam txheej ntawm ib tug xov tooj tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab txheej txheem tsis tu ncua. Lawv yuav ua tau raws li slots thiab projections, nyob ntawm seb lub hom uas lub pob zeb grating.

Nws muaj ob hom ntawm lattices - paab thiab pob tshab. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li pab kiag li lawm uas siv ib paab nto nrog applied cwj nrag. Qhov thib ob pob tshab nto siv no yuav tau mus thov li cov xov touches, thiab txoj kab txiav.

Cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub diffraction grating ncaj qha ntaus nqi yoj thaj chaw ntawm lub teeb. Rau lub teeb yoj pem hauv ntej grille siv tus cwj nrag. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tsim lub thiaj li hu ua ib tug neeg beams kev to taub tau lub teeb. Niaj diffraction los ntawm kov, lawv cuam tshuam nrog txhua lwm yam. Muab hais tias qhov sib txawv wavelengths ntawm lub cuam maxima tsim ib tug sib txawv kiag li cov ces kaum (txiav txim txoj kev sib txawv ntawm cov teeb liab ntsais beams), tau nyob rau hauv lub tso zis decomposed rau hauv ib tug spectrum ntawm lub teeb dawb.

Lub diffraction grating yog siv raws li ib tug ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm tib neeg kev ua si. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv spectroscopic seev thiab yuav ua li cas tus kho qhov muag sensors ntawm angular (linear) zog thiab raws li polarizers los yog infrared ntxaij lim dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum nws yuav beam splitter rau lub interferometers los yog iav "anti-kev" cov ntsiab lus.

Muaj yog ib tug diffraction grating rau X-rays. Tsim nws muab tau technically tsis yooj yim sua ua hauj lwm. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no, zaum tau ploj mus tus thawj txoj kev. Rau cov decomposition ntawm X-rays siv lead ua lattices ntawm tej yam muaju.

Raws li ib tug lub ntsiab yam ntxwv yog suav tias yog kev daws teeb meem diffraction grating. Nws nruab nrab yog tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov kab nyob rau hauv daim phiaj, uas yog multiplied los ntawm cov kev txiav txim ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws beam. Qhov no qhia yuav sau ntau tshaj li ib tug assertion tias qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus zaus yam ntxwv sib npaug zos rau cov reciprocal ntawm qhov txawv ntawm lub sij hawm cov Team sib ntawm zaj feem ntau huab rays, hu ua cov teeb liab ntsais.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub ib tug zoo piv txwv li cov diffraction grating yuav pab raws li ib tug compact disk los yog platter. Tab sis rau cov siv thiab ua cov muaj khoom siv high-tech cov khoom uas muaj precision.