Ryazan Kremlin: keeb kwm, txheeb xyuas thiab cov duab. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub Ryazan Kremlin

Lub Kremlin yog lub feem ntau ancient ib feem ntawm lub nroog ntawm Ryazan. Cia li nyob rau ntawm no qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1095 tau raws li Pereyaslavl Ryazan, uas nyob rau hauv 1778 tau renamed mus rau qhov tam sim no lub npe. Qhov chaw raug xaiv txig. Kremlin Ryazanskiy nyob rau ib lub siab platform, muaj ib thaj tsam ntawm 26 hectares thiab qhov zoo ntawm ib qho lus quadrangle ncig rau peb sab ntawm cov niam dej. Thiab ib co kua nplaum ntawm ib tug ancient hais sib haum nyob ntawm no hnub rov qab txawm ib txhiab xyoo BC.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Pereslavl, nyob rau hauv kev xav ntawm archaeologists, ua tau rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub pas dej sai nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub roob. Qhov no twb paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm kev siv lub feem ntau niaj hnub technologies. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pib los tsim sai heev thiab mus rau lub 14th xyoo pua twb nyob rau hauv tag nrho Kremlin toj. Yog vim li cas yog heev yooj yim: lub kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, hauv lub nroog hloov nws raws li txoj cai, nws tau ua lub capital nroog ntawm lub nqi zog, raws li Ryazan, uas muaj xws li ib tug nyob qib ua ntej, pheej rhuav tshem, thaum lub Mongol-Tatar invasions. Pereyaslavl, raws li cov keeb kwm ntawm lub Ryazan Kremlin hais tias, sai sai heev mus dhau cov roob thiab ho txhab mus rau sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb. Thiab lub Kremlin tau yuav cov feem ntau fortified, central ib feem ntawm lub nroog thiab yog ib tug heev muaj zog fortress nrog ib tug system ntawm tsoos Rus tiv thaiv. Nrog ib sab tes xwb, lub sab qab teb-sab hnub poob, yog tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tej dej ntws, dug ib moat thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub mounds. Nws ua tau fortified ntoo phab ntsa nrog 12 yees. Glebovsky rooj vag yees tau lub ntsiab thiab ntsia nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Moscow. Nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua Pereyaslavl poob nqi outpost sab qab teb ntawm Russia, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog lug tau demolished. Nws tseem mus peb lub sij hawm tsuas yog ib lub fragment ntawm ib tug ncej 300 meters ntev thiab moat nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab.

Ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Kremlin

Ib tug kuj ntev lub sij hawm Ryazan Kremlin ua nrog ntoo. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 15th xyoo pua dawb pob zeb, nyob ze rau tus tub huabtais lub tsev hais plaub, ua ib lub tsev Cathedral ntawm lub Assumption Cathedral. Thiab rau lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th nyob rau hauv Pereslavl tuaj heyday ntawm pob zeb architecture. Ntawm qhov chaw twg yav tas los twb nyob tus tub huabtais lub palace complex, tsa ib tug tag nrho cov khaub ncaws ntau, muaj raws ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm civil lug: ib tug xov tooj ntawm nyiaj txiag thiab kev vaj tse, xws li - Coopers, smithy, Consistorial thiab lub suab qw vaj tse, chaw lag ntawm tus npis sov, uas yog tom qab hu ua " Oleg 'Palace. Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no, lub 18th caug xyoo, lub tswv twb ncig los ntawm ib tug laj kab ua los ntawm cov pob zeb, peb muab tso rau ib tug ob peb lub rooj vag. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd tus Consistory lub cev yuav pom ib tug fragment ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv.

Monasteries Pereyaslavl thiab Cathedral Square

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm ob monasteries nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws - lub ob tug txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb - Spassky, tus hiob, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj - Dukhovskoy. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub thawj rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yog ib lub nroog nplua nuj heev, toj ntxas. Nyob rau hauv lub 40s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo nws twb liquidated, tawm hauv nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm ob tug qub txeeg qub teg ntawm burial:

1. Engraver, xibfwb IP Pozhalostina ntawm lub St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, uas nyob ntawm 1837 mus 1909 xyoo.
2. Artist thiab txawj sau ntawv S. D. Hvoschinskoy, uas nyob ntawm 1828 mus 1865 xyoo.

Thiab nyob rau hauv 1959, tawm ntawm lub qhov ntxa twb tau tsiv mus rau Ryazan Ya. P. Polonskogo, ib tug loj Lavxias teb sab paj huam uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov chaw Pereyaslavl yog Cathedral Square, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws uas muaj nyob: lub clerks ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab - lub ntsiab tsev ntawm lub nroog cov thawj coj, cov hmoov chamber thiab lub tsev lojcuj vaj.

Ryazan Kremlin nyob rau hauv lub lig 19th - thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua

Los ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, no yog maj poob nws central tseem ceeb. secularization ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj pawg neeg thaj av twb nqa tawm, thiab tom qab no ua liaj ua teb npis sov tsis yeem ho. Los ntawm kawg ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua lub nroog center nqa deb ntawm lub Kremlin, thiab txij thaum ntawd rov qab yog tsuas yog cai thaum lub sij hawm ntau kev cai dab qhuas hnub caiv. Tus so ntawm lub sij hawm - nyob ntsiag to thiab muaj kev thaj yeeb suburb. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua, los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub scientific thiab kev cai lub nroog ntawm cov pej xeem, raws li zoo raws li lub zos soj ntsuam ntawm, Ryazan Kremlin pib mus kis tau cov txheej xwm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov loj thiab tseem ceeb keeb kwm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Los ntawm 800th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog, nyob rau hauv 1895, nws tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm lub grand koob tsheej. Nyob rau hauv lub Palace ntawm Oleg Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Antiquities qhib nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914 - Drevlekhranilishche, thiab nyob rau hauv 1923, nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, lub ntsig txog lub xeev kos duab-keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej.

Cov keeb kwm qhov chaw - yog tam sim no

Tus tshiab theem ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej-cia Ryazan Kremlin pib nyob rau hauv 1968, thaum lub zos muaj cai tau tsim ntawm no thiab cov architectural thiab keeb kwm complex. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm ancient Pereyaslavl, nws muaj xws li tag nrho cov architectural thiab defensive lug ntawm yav dhau los centuries, tau dim mus rau cov neeg hnub. Tus heev av twb muab tso rau hauv kev txiav txim, lub tsev rov qab los thiab muab mus rau hauv ib tug tsev cia puav pheej. Rau hnub tim, qhov no khaub ncaws ntau nrog ib tug picturesque toj roob hauv pes thiab zoo nkauj ancient architecture meej mom tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug regional center, lub nroog ntawm Ryazan, thiab yog ib tug ntawm cov adornments thiab cov kev txaus siab ntawm tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj.

assumption Cathedral

Txhua txhua xyoo ntau tourists tuaj rau cov chaw mus ntsib nrog ib tug me ntsis yav tas los lawv tus kheej lub teb chaws, neeg txawv teb chaws - mus nrhiav ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, ntawm no yog lub hauv paus monument ntawm lub Assumption Cathedral ntawm lub Ryazan Kremlin, uas peb hais luv luv. Nws ua tau Yakovom Grigorevichem Buhvostovym, qhov loj tshaj plaws kes duab vajtse nyob rau hauv 1693-1699, ntsig txog. Cathedral ua tau raws li ib tug lub tsev teev ntuj qub tuam tsev, tab sis nws muab tawm ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog qauv, uas los ntawm nws loj, 1600 square meters thiab 72 meters siab, tau zoo tshaj feem ntau ntawm cov vaj tse uas lub sij hawm. Lub architectural style ntawm lub tsev - Naryshkin Baroque, yog ib qho piv txwv zoo heev ntawm cov organic synthesis ntawm icon painting, duab puab thiab architecture. Piv txwv li, nws yog nws carving rau cov neeg dawb pob zeb architraves thiab portals. Xya tiers ntawm icons ib tug tag nrho qhov siab ntawm 27 meters ua ib tug thwj tim thiab follower Simona Ushakova Nikolaem Solomonovym. Xov iconostasis tua Sergeem Hristoforovym kuj muaj zoo heev artistic nqis. Txhua ua los ntawm ib tug ntoo txhua. Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj sov, lub tsev teev ntuj no yog qhib rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Muaj txawm cov kev pab cuam. Nyob rau hauv 2008 nws ceased mus yuav ib tug tsev cia puav pheej thiab cob rau hauv cov zos diocese.

Glebovskiy choj thiab rampart

Xav lub cathedrals ntawm lub Ryazan Kremlin, tsis txhob hais los ntawm Yexus Khetos, uas yog cov relics ntawm St. Vasiliya Ryazanskogo, tus npis sov, raws li zoo raws li lub qhov ntxa ntawm lub zos princesses: Sofia - tus ntxhais Dmitriya Donskogo, Ivan lub Peb thiab tus muam - Anna. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Kremlin muaj Glebovskiy tus choj zeb, uas ua tau rau lub tswb pej thuam nyob rau hauv lub 18th caug xyoo. Nws muaj ib tug arched qauv. Txawm ua ntej lawm nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw yog ib tug ntoo choj ua los ntawm ntoo qhib, uas muaj ib tug railing thiab txuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog nrog lub tsev nkuaj. Thaum zoo cov kev hem thawj ntawm sab nraud tuaj, nws twb hloov los ntawm ib lub pob zeb. Los ntawm sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub Kremlin toj yog lwm ancient fortification - ib lub ntiaj teb pov toj. Nws ntev - 290 meters, tag nrho cov uas tseem tshuav. Nyuam qhuav pib, ua ntej lub 18th pua, nws muaj ntoo phab ntsa thiab yees. Qab nws yog ib tug ditch sau nrog dej thiab ib tug tob ntawm xya meters. Thiab txawm hais tias nws yog tam sim no tsawg tshaj li ib siab ncej thiab maj, tab sis tseem impressive, thiab sawv tau hais khov kho saum toj no lub surrounding chaw uas zoo heev.

Dvorets Olega

Yog hais tias koj txiav txim siab mus xyuas lub Ryazan Kremlin, mus ua si ntau heev thiab pab tau koj tau ntsib nrog tag nrho cov chaw nthuav. Koj yuav twv yuav raug hu qhia, piv txwv li, qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsov kev lub tsev - Dvorets Olega, uas ua tau rau ntawm qhov chaw nyob qhov twg Ameslikas twb nyob rau hauv lub None lub tsev hais plaub. Muaj siv yuav lub zos Chamber ntawm tus npis sov, lawv economic lub neej, fraternal hlwb thiab lub tsev teev ntuj. Tsev cheeb tsam - 2530 square meters. Nws muaj peb cov plag tsev, uas tau tsa, tsis yog txhua txhua ib zaug, tab sis nyob rau hauv theem. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-xyoo pua 17th kes duab vajtse Yu. K. Ershov ua thawj ob thiab nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua kes duab vajtse G. L. Mazuhin los ua ib tug thib peb. Nyob rau hauv 1780, kws kes duab vajtse Ya. I. Shneyderom ntev ntawm lub tsev twb tau nce vim qhov yuav ncua ntxiv rau sab hnub tuaj. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no xyoo pua lub xeev kws kes duab vajtse S. A. Schetkin kiag li rebuilt nws. Nws yog zoo nkauj heev lub tsev nrog baroque pediment, dawb lias trims thiab Terem qhov rais. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws lub npe hu ua lub Dvorets Olega.

hu nkauj Corps

Los ntawm kev kawm tsev cia puav pheej Ryazan Kremlin, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis them sai sai mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub monument ntawm architecture ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th - lub suab qw lub cev. Ua los ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Yu. K. Ershovym, nws tau txais nws lub npe vim hais tias ntawm cov hu nkauj ce ua no. Txawm tias, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev ua lwm yam. Cov no yog cov nyob quarters rau lub Txiag thiab tus tub qhe, episcopal nom tswv. Qhov kawg ntawm lub cev twb muab tso tau txais kev khwv nyiaj txiag, uas muaj nws tus kheej nkag. Lub tsev - ib tug rectangular, ob-zaj dabneeg, tsim nyob rau hauv lub architectural style ntawm lub sij hawm. Vim lub qab khav yog phab, nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm architecture ntawm ancient Russia, nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb elegant zoo. Lub vaults thiab phab ntsa, xws li tus neeg txais tos tus tub qhe, fragmentary fwm zoo nkauj paintings. Tam sim no lub tuam tsev no yog nyob tsev khaws puav pheej exhibition hu ua "Nyob rau kev cai yawg," uas qhia txog cov hnub caiv thiab txhua hnub Lavxias teb sab ntawm cov neeg ntawm cov sij hawm. Ntau npaum li cas nthuav muaj nyob rau ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub Ryazan Kremlin. Siv lub sij hawm rau ib tug mus ntsib, thiab yuav tsum tau ib yam dab tsi yuav tsum nco ntsoov rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ces.