Requisitioning - qhov no ... Introduction surplus

Cov tshwm sim ntawm cov zaub mov allotment, kuj paub los ntawm lub acronym requisitioning, coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1919 mus 1921. Thaum lub sij hawm no, tsoom fwv txiav txim siab teem tej qauv rau cov mov thiab lwm yam khoom noj, uas muaj peev xwm kom lub peasants thiab tag nrho cov seem uas lawv tau muaj muag rau lub xeev thaum uas tsis muaj nqi. Cov seem-appropriation system muab kev koom tes pawg zaub mov, committees ntawm cov neeg pluag thiab cov regional pawg sab laj, uas forces cov tswv teb muab lawv reserves.

Impact on cov pejxeem

Introduction ntawm lub seem muaj ntxiv aggravated twb nyuaj qhov teeb meem ntawm tus neeg zoo tib. Cai ntawm tus me nyuam cov mov ci uas raug faib los yog razverstyvalis raws li ib tug tribute, ntau heev dhau tshaj ntawm lub sij stocks neeg.

Muaj ntau cov tswv teb tau npaj mus nkaum lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus, tab sis ceev ceev khoom noj khoom haus detachments tag nrho cov pom thiab Nations lawv rau txim txawm siab phem "Hoarders."

tau surplus

Twb thaum lub sij hawm thawj xyoo ntawm kev txhawj kev ntshai thiab khoom noj khoom haus pib zaub mov seem pejxeem twb yuav txog 44,6 lab tons ntawm grain. Qhov thib ob xyoo cim ib tug tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab coj lub xeev 113,9 lab phaus. Tus ntse sawv nyob rau hauv cov nqi txhais los ntawm qhov ntxeem tau ntawm dawb, raws li ib feem ntawm cov neeg zoo siab los pab txhawb cov Communist los mus tiv thaiv lub yeej ntawm tus yeeb ncuab rog. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog rau cov Kaum ib hlis 1917 nws tau raug muab zais nrog cov kev txiav txim ntawm 33.7 lab phaus, tab sis nws tsuas yog tau ua tsaug rau cov ua haujlwm thaum lub chav tsev ntawm cov khoom noj stocks ntawm lub Daim Ntawv Government, los ntawm txoj kev uas tau nqa tawm requisitioning.

Qhov no tshwm sim, nws lub hom phiaj yog muab cov tub rog, thiab muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm shortcomings. Cov ntsiab teeb meem yog cov neeg pluag lub koom haum, vim hais tias cov neeg uas ib feem ntawm tus sau cov lus nug thiab tsis cuag cov lo lus uas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, cia li puas los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm cov tub rog tau siv 60% ntawm cov nqaij thiab cov ntses, 100% haus luam yeeb thiab 40% ntawm qhob cij, uas tau sau nyob rau hauv seem. Peasants thiab zoo tib yam neeg ua hauj lwm raug yuam kom mus tshaib plab, thaum lawv xaiv cov khoom, los txog rau lub nroog loj, feem ntau plundered thiab muab faib ua rations.

Yuav ua li cas nqa requisitioning

Txhais txwv rau tus xov tooj ntawm cov tswv teb tau tso cai cov khoom xws li neeg ua hauj lwm thiab neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsawg kawg ib nrab-starved mob. Ib me ntsis ntxiv hmoov tub rog, thiab yog lub xeev coj noj coj ua, uas tsis tu ncua zaub mov noj muab rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tej yam. Lub surplus tau coj mus rau ib tug tsis muaj lub siab xav mus ua hauj lwm rau peasants, vim hais tias sau lawv tseem sau. Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb uas yuav coj mus rau tag nrho puas ntawm ua liaj ua teb raws li thaum ntxov raws li 1921. Nyob lub teb chaws, pib loj uprising ntawm peasants xav tau cov abolition ntawm xws txheej txheem.

Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm thiab twb hloov lub surplus se nyob rau hauv zoo, uas yog tus thawj thiab feem ntau tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv kev hloov mus rau NEP.

Zoo thiab tsis zoo

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov txheej txheem yog tau kuj tswj cov zaub mov qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, thiab nws coj ib tug ntau ntawm cov tsis zoo txim. Teb, cov requisitioning twb qhia ib hlis ntuj 11, 1919, nyob rau hauv ib tug heev embarrassing rau lub Soviet tsoom fwv thaum lub teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau ntawm cov nyiaj them yug.

Raws li cov hauj lwm version, lub peasants tau tes lawm lawv surplus khoom ntau tshaj cov qauv uas tau teev los ntawm tsoom fwv, tab sis nws tshwm sim requisitioning? Nws yog ib heev nyuaj mus nrhiav kom tau tam sim no uas yuav luag ib xyoo tom qab, tab sis tseem khaws ib co thawj cov ntsiab lus. Tej zaum los ntawm tej yam yooj yim peasants raug xaiv thiab dab tsi yuav tsum nyob twj ywm rau tus kheej xav tau kev pab ntawm cov pej xeem, thiab cov nyiaj uas lawv tau tau hloov nrog tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm cov ntawv txais nyiaj, rau cov uas tsis muaj dab tsi yuav yuav. Qhov no coj mus rau bloodshed, arrests thiab uprisings. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm ib tug keeb kwm taw tes ntawm view, no ob txheej txheem.

tseeb

• Tus thawj theem ntawm lub seem nyob rau hauv ib tug maj mam collapsing Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws pib nyob rau hauv Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1916. Tab sis qhov no, raws li zoo li ntau lwm thawj kauj ruam ntawm lub tsoom fwv, tsuas pab txhawb lub ceev ceev cev qhuav dej ntawm lub xeev.
• Lub interim tsoom fwv, uas kuj resorted mus rau koos nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, yuav ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv replenishing zaub mov stocks, sau 280 lab tons ntawm grain tawm ntawm ib tug teem sij hawm 650.

• Requisitioning, teb tswvcuab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1919, ua ib feem ntawm cov zaub mov ntawm ntshai ntawm lub Bolsheviks thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog, uas coj qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm "tsov rog communism".
• Rau cov Bolsheviks requisitioning (nws officially muaj pov thawj) nws yog es tsis yooj yim. Nws yuav ua raws li yog chiv tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau hauv ib co chaw, yog li nws twb nqa tawm tsuas nyob rau hauv lub central cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws.
• Chiv requisitioning siv thiaj tau tuaj rau grain, tab sis nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm 1920, ntsuas tau twb tau thov nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm ua liaj ua teb.
• Chiv, tswv teb twb mus them rau sau cov khoom, tab sis tus me nyuam ntawm cov khoom yog yuav luag gratuitous, vim hais tias cov nyiaj tau devalued, thiab kev ua lag luam yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov poob - muaj tsis muaj dab tsi hloov.

• Lawm, lub peasants yeej tsis pom zoo rau yeem muab tau lawv tej khoom, yog li muaj tshwj xeeb militias, committees ntawm cov neeg pluag thiab cov tub rog liab units.
• Thaum lub peasants muaj nuj nqis lub siab xav los yog cov muaj peev xwm mus tiv thaiv cov tsoom fwv lub ntsuas, lawv pib nkaum zaub mov thiab loj hlob nplej tsis muaj ntau tshaj li qhov nruab nrab.
• Txawm noj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov zaub mov dictatorship coj mus rau lub deprivation ntawm lub peasants, muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg tias cov tub rog yuav pub tsuas requisitioning. Qhov no tshwm sim tau kuj pab khiav lub nroog proletariat.
• Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1918 mus 1920 lub taub hau ntawm Lavxias teb sab requisition yog ib tug communist uas tom qab ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Peb Reich. Nws yog Roland Freisler.

tshwm sim

Nyob rau hauv lub phenomenon ntawm cov zaub mov seem, raws li zoo li ntau lwm thawj kauj ruam qhia los ntawm cov Bolsheviks, nws yog yuav ua li cas ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo thiab ntau disadvantages. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tus txheej txheem no tau pab los muab cov kev tsim nyog cov khoom ua tub rog, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom tsuas zoo, txawm hais tias nws twb noj tam sim ntawd los ntawm cov neeg uas xav tau - qhov no yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nqa tawm requisitioning. Xyoo, thaum nws pib, yog tus taw tes rau ntawm tsis muaj rov qab mus rau ruaj ntseg thiab thaum pib ntawm txhua yam uas yog nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej ua rau ib tug loj teeb meem.