Rectified cawv thiab distillate: qhov txawv

Haus dej cawv-raws li cov khoom yog feem ntau siv rau hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub. Thiab tej zaum yog tsis muaj lawv, muaj tsuas yog tsis txaus (thiab peb txhais li cas tsis haus dej haus cawv). Feem ntau distillate (puag rau ntau dej haus thiab cov tshuaj noj) yog tau los ntawm fermentation thiab tom ntej distillation feedstock. Tab sis feem ntau heev xav hais tias rectification - yog rov distillation. Tab sis qhov no lub tswv yim yog erroneous. Tsuas yog ntau txia kua uas muaj ethanol, nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb txhua yuav muab lub txiaj ntsim ntawm tiav (qhov no yog lus txhais lub sij hawm), alcohols purification los ntawm impurities.

Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab tsev distilling siv thiab rectified, thiab cov distillate. Qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog heev tseem ceeb. Tab sis li cas kuv yuav tsum tau siv? Qhov no qhov teeb meem yog ib yam uas txhawj xeeb kom ntau. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom ntsuam xyuas qhov zoo los yog tsis zoo ntawm cov technology, peb yuav tsum xub xyuas seb dab tsi tau peb xav kom ua tau: tau txais ib tug haus dej nqus tsev vacuum kua muag los, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, yuav txaus siab rau nws cov aroma thiab saj? Kuv xav txheeb los ntawm dab tsi yog rectified thiab distillate. Qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog muaj los yog hais tias nws yog - "tus notion ntawm Masters", uas yog ib tug nqaim kev ua kom pom tseeb thiab tsis ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm rau qhov nruab nrab neeg? Wb hais!

hom distillates

Qhov no kua tau thaum lub tib lub npe ntawm tus txheej txheem - lub distillation, i.e. zoo yam distillation ntawm cov cawv uas muaj sib tov ntxiv txias thiab condensing nws vapors. Raws li cov kev faib tawm, muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm distillation:

• yooj yim,
• factional,
• kom rectification.

Peb qhia rau koj txog txhua yam nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov rectified thiab distillate. Qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog tseem muaj!

yooj yim distillation

Qhov no technology, raws li historians, twb paub nyob rau hauv lub thib peb xyoo pua BC - txoj kev siv los ntawm Egyptians los ua xim los ntawm zibntab cov txiv hmab. Thaum kawg, Nws yog tus hiob sau ua ntaub ntawv lub sij hawm ntawd. Thiab nws yog tau hais tias distillation ntawm paub cov neeg thiab ntau ancient lub sij hawm. Rau tus txheej txheem no thov tooj liab ntsuas muaj cov distillation txog ntsha, capacitor, paug kav rau vapors.

Ua ntej, nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm tej pab kiag li lawm ua rau cov xim muaj hlau thiab essences naj hoom. Thiab tsuas tom qab, vim lub complexity ntawm cawu cub tsheb thauj mus los los ntawm lub hiav txwv (dej qab zib puas vim hais tias ntawm lub scorching hnub), cov txheej txheem siv rau zus tau tej cov ntsuj plig.

Luv piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem

Txij li thaum lub distillation txoj kev los ua paub thoob plaws teb chaws Europe, thiab cov nqaij nyoos cov khoom siv rau qhov kev npaj ntawm dej cawv haus siv ntau cov txiv hmab thiab hom qoob mog, pob kws thiab qab zib beet thiab qab zib pas nrig, thiab nyob rau hauv lub American zos - txawm nroj tsuag, xws li cacti.

Luv luv, cov txheej txheem zoo li no:

1. Los ntawm raw khoom chiv ua Braga - cawv ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv nws, raws li ib tug txoj cai, me me. Cov kev nws siv tej zaum yuav txawv.
2. Qhov yooj yim: yaj nyob rau hauv dej sov, poov tridtsatigradusnaya, nws rau lawv nrog syrup ntawm qab zib thiab dej. Ces kaw ntim hau (los yog muab tso rau hauv, piv txwv li, roj hmab hnab looj tes rau hauv peb-liter hub uas yog roj tawm), lub tshav kub teev nyob rau hauv ib lub lim tiam.
3. Ib tug ntau sophisticated txoj kev excludes siv ntawm qab zib. Qos yaj ywm los yog pob kws zom, sau nrog dej thiab rhuab. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no lub hmoov txhuv nplej muaj nyob rau hauv lub raw khoom, yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau hauv qab zib. Cov sib tov twb ces fermenting poov xab thiab tawm mus rau infuse tshav kub.
4. Thaum lub fermentation txheej txheem yog nyob ze kom tiav, Braga peb lim thiab sau-nyob rau hauv rau distillation.
5. Nws yog rhuab nrog ib tug kub qhov twg los, thiab brewed npias pib qhuav.
6. Cov resultant vapor nkag mus rau hauv lub raj qhov hluav taws xob raws li lub tub yees, nyob qhov twg nws condenses, ua ib tug distillate.

Nws yog muab sau uas yooj yim distillation hom kev kawm tsis koom nrog tiav kev tshem tawm ntawm impurities ua nyob rau haus qhov hluav taws xob. Thiab yog hais tias xws li ib tug txheej txheem yog rov qab ob peb lub sij hawm, nws yuav tsis ua rau nws ua kom tiav purification. Yog li ntawd, muaj yog ib lub teeb distillate tsw thiab aroma ntawm cov khoom uas tau siv rau mash. Tom qab, rau imparting cov qhabnias saj thiab tsis hnov tsw ntawm cov khoom yog flavored (muab nyob rau hauv ntoo qhib tej kas tham npaj rum los yog cognac, coriander ntxiv, softwood thiab almond essence yog gin).

Tej zaum, yuav tau tshem ntawm tsis kaj siab kom txhob tsw thiab flavors, lub purification yog tau siv tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm heev cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg neeg noj qab haus huv cov khoom.

fractional

Nws yuav zoo li, dab tsi yog qhov txawv: distillate thiab rectified - nws yog zoo li alcohols. Tab sis nuance yog tseem muaj. Nws yog tsis muaj daim card uas txawv kua muaj ntau kub ntsiab lus, thiab Dej - 100 degrees Celsius, lub cawv nws yuav noj xwb 78. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom ntawm ib tug nram qab no zoo ntawm distillation - fractions. Nws mechanism yog heev yooj yim: lub ntau yam fractions tau los ntawm lub distillation ntawm cov kua faib nyob rau hauv sib txawv ntim.

Luv piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem

Xaiv ntawm cov zauv feem yog ua nyob rau hauv raws li cov concentration ntawm ethanol vapor kub, ntim ntawm feedstock. Nyob rau hauv no thiaj li hu ua "pervach", los yog "lub taub hau" (cov thawj haus feem) yog tsis siv vim nws tsis yog heev qab ntxiag tsis hnov tsw (thiab kuj heev teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev). Nws txiav tawm, raws li cov kub thiab qhov feem pua ntawm ethyl dropwise.

Thiab ntawm no yog qhov nruab nrab feem (los yog raws li nws yog popularly hu ua, "lub cev-brew") feem ntau yog tsis muaj kob thiab muaj ib tug nruab nrab tsis hnov tsw. Nws xaiv tshwm sim nyob rau ib tug kub ntawm los ntawm 90 mus 95 degrees Celsius thiab lub dag lub zog nyob rau hauv ntau 35-45%, thaum lub kua yog illuminated.

tailings

Lub "Tsov tus tw" (lub xeem feem) muaj ib tug yam ntxwv pungent tsw thiab tsw vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm fusel roj. Thiab nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib, hais tias lawv tsis txhob poob mus rau hauv lub ntsiab lub cev '. Ces, kom tau ib tug zoo haus, nws yog pom zoo kom mus ntxiv lim thee (thiab, yog tias ua tau, distilled ib zaug ntxiv, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav ua rau nws yuav tsum tau qeeb qeeb dua li ua ntej, thiab ib tug ntshiab txoj kev uas yuav faib cov zauv feem).

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov txawv ntawm cov rectified thiab cov distillate thiab cov coj lub npe ntawm tus txheej txheem? Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias twb tsim siab purity cawv los ntawm distillation, txawm tias rov thiab fractional, nws yog suab tsis yooj yim sua: lub resultant dej haus tas muaj tej aroma thiab saj. Yog li ntawd, los tsim ib tug muaj haus cawv (thiab nyob rau hauv tsev) distillation tej yam kev mob muaj ntaub ntawv.

Distillation ntawm ntshiab cawv

Yog li ntawd, peb twb paub li cas yuav muab lub distillate thiab rectified. Qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv tshwm sim, thiab ntau ntxiv! Rectification - Txoj kev nkauj nraug mixtures raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm tshav kub pauv ntawm cov pa thiab cov kua. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, peb tau kiag li ntshiab kua. Thiab tsis yuav tsis meej pem nrog re-distillation distillation. Qhov no txoj kev txawv los ntawm cov saum toj no.

Luv piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem

Chiv ib tug brew txog ntsha rhuab mus Reflux tej yam kev mob. Thaum lub sij hawm no, officers uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm boiling, tshoom upwardly fractionator, ntog mus rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb apparatus rau chav hws, hu ua ib tug reflux condenser. Li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lem, yog txias los ntawm dej.

Thaum txias chaw dephlegmator khub pib condense, txoj kev ua ib tug reflux kua uas ntws cia lub txhua down mus rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb lub thawv. Cov pa nce upward, thiab reflux kua ntws mus sib tham. Nyob rau hauv no tshav kub hloov dab tshwm sim. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub Cheebtsam yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum kev ib ntau yooj yim boils, uas yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv condensate sau mus rau hauv lub nkoj qab thus.

Nyob rau txhua koom rectification purity muaj - yam tsawg kawg 90%. Nrog rau qhov no txoj kev, piv txwv li, cov roj av los ntawm roj av yuav tsum zoo tu qab tso, thiab nyob hauv lub caw mash twb npaj los ntawm rectified ntsuj plig (ethanol cov ntsiab lus - 95%).

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov txawv: cov distillate thiab rectified. Yuav ua li cas mus xav?

Peb twb pom tias cov no yog cov ob txawv kiag li kua. Yog li ntawd, teb cov lus nug: "Haus dej cawv rectified thiab distillate - dab tsi yog qhov txawv thiab hais tias nws yog zoo dua rau siv rau hauv tsev distilling?" - koj yuav tsum xav txog thawj ntawm tag nrho cov nram qab no yam:

1. Tom qab ib qho yooj yim (los yog txawm ntau fractional) distillation dej haus tau nyob rau hauv lub tso zis khaws cov aroma thiab tsw ntawm cov khoom, uas ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub feedstock.
2. Nyob rau hauv lub rectification txheej txheem tag nrho ntawm cov zog yuav tsum tau muab rhuav pov tseg.

Qhov txawv ntawm cov distillate thiab rectified twb yog rau ua noj ua haus. Tus thawj - ib tug haus dej hais tias Distiller yog ua thiaj li mus nyob twj ywm organoleptic cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub qhov code, cov raw khoom nyob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, yog hais tias tus Calvados - lub Kua, yog hais tias tus whiskey - lub malt yog brandy - lub grapes. Thaum lub distillation txheej txheem, tsuas yog ethyl sab hauv yog tseem "ntsuj plig" ntawm lub haus - tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm impurities, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho tseeb pob paj: saj uas muaj tsw. Qhov ntawd yog qhov sib txawv!

Distillate thiab rectified - distillates. Tab sis! Rectified - refined, lim khoom organoleptic qhov twg rau qhov chaws yog "tua" nyob rau hauv tag nrho, emasculated. Txawm tias tawm ntawm lub rooj zaum, txawm ntawm cov feem ntau qab txiv hmab, tab sis nws xav tau kev pab kom tau nrog tus ntxhiab tsw thiab saj yog ethyl, thiab "tsis muaj dab tsi tus kheej". Yog vim li cas yog lub siab tshaj plaws cawv fortress - 96%? Tab sis vim hais tias tus so - tsis yog ib qho impurity, thiab dej, raws li tus ntxeem tau dej yog ethyl, i.e. nws draws nyob rau hauv cov dej. Ces, nrog rau cov kev pab ntawm ntshiab cawv, peb tau txais ib tug txawv liqueurs, cordials, liqueurs. I.e. organoleptic ua ntev lub feedstock, thiab flavors - flavorings.

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug epilogue

Yog li ntawd, kom txhim kho tau cov ntaub ntawv uas: dab tsi yog qhov txawv rectified cawv thiab distillate? Qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog tseem ceeb. Tau los ntawm distillation, cov khoom yuav tsum tau "ua hauj lwm" rau lub distiller thiab tshaj. Thaum muab tso rau hauv ntoo qhib tej kas tham seem Cheebtsam yuav oxidized, thiab cov dej qab zib yog fragrant. Rectified muaj cov khoom, nws yog tsim nyog xwb los yug. Qhov ntawd yog qhov txawv. Distillate thiab rectified pab txawv lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm dej cawv haus.