Qe tsim: general ntaub ntawv

Ovum - ib tug poj niam nrog txiv neej pw ntawm tes, uas muaj ib tug haploid txheej chromosomes. Nws lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj - cov kev hloov ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic ntaub ntawv thaum lub sij hawm fertilization. Tus qauv ntawm lub qe nyob rau hauv cov xwm yuav heev varied. Piv txwv li, lub qe - nws yog ntses qe, qe, thiab lwm yam Txhua tus tsiaj ntawm cov tsiaj nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv.

Tus qauv ntawm noog qe

Tej zaum qhov feem ntau cov tawm cov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv no yog lub qe ntawm cov noog thiab cov tsiaj reptiles, uas lom zem ntau muaj ib tug zoo qauv. Qe - ib tug lossis loj lub qe, uas yog ib qho yooj yim mus kawm tsis muaj tshwj xeeb cov khoom.

Nqaij qaib qe muaj nkaub, albumen thiab plhaub. Txhua yam ntawm cov constituent qhov chaw nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Lub nkaub yog ib tug ntom, yellowish, yeej qauv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub qe. Nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov nqaijrog, cov nqaijrog, vitamins, pigments thiab minerals qe. Nws lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj - nws yog lub hwj chim ntawm lub embryo.

Sab saum toj nkaub them nrog ib tug nyias thiab tuab vitelline membrane, tus nplaim uas muaj peev xwm yuav pom ib tug me me qhov chaw ntawm lub teeb - ib tug blastodisc, uas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua ntej fertilization oocyte nucleus.

Tom ntej no yog qe dawb, uas yog muab faib ua plaub khoom. Nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov protein, cov vitamins thiab minerals. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug lysozyme - ib tug tshwj xeeb enzyme, uas muaj ib tug antibacterial nyhuv. Los ntawm cov protein txheej yuav txia xwb gases.

Protein coated podskorlupovymi khoom ob ntawm uas muaj ib tug me me kis. Plhaub qe - heev ntom tiv thaiv plhaub qe, uas muaj yeej tseem zoo ntawm calcium carbonate. Eggshell yuav muaj ntau thicknesses thiab coloring - yog tus yam ntxwv nta ntawm txhua tus neeg hom.

Tus qauv ntawm tib neeg lub qe

Cov poj niam cov zaus qe - ib tug txiv neej ntawm tes, uas yog muab hlob nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub zes qe menyuam. Zoo li tag nrho cov tsiaj, tib neeg kab cell yog tsim los mus rau kis ib tug txheej ntawm chromosomes thaum lub sij hawm tu tub tu kiv.

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub Somatic, kab hlwb ua los ntawm meiosis, li ntawd, tsuas muaj haploid (nyob rau hauv tib neeg yog 23) ib tug txheej ntawm chromosomes. Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov tib neeg qe yuav tau piav rau hauv qab no.

Tus thawj yus feature - yog qhov luaj li cas. Yog hais tias lub cev Somatic cell tivthaiv tsis tshua tshaj 20 micrometers, lub lub cheeb ntawm ib tug poj niam lub qe yog kwv yees li 100 microns. Qhov no nrog txiv neej pw ntawm tes yog taag thiab yog nyob rau hauv lub follicle txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lawv maturation.

Yog li, tus qauv ntawm lub qe yog zoo li lwm lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub cev - nws yog tsim los ntawm ib tug nucleus, cytoplasm, thiab yog tas rau cov ntshav membrane. Raws li twb tau hais, lub haploid nucleus. Lub cytoplasm muaj ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm ribosomes, mitochondria, thiab EPS.

Tsis tas li ntawd, thoob plaws hauv lub cell yog tusyees faib thiaj li hu ua nkaub granules, uas muab cell hwj chim kom txog rau thaum nws taw qhia mus rau hauv lub uterine phab ntsa. Zheltkova npuas uas muaj cov as-ham - mas nqaijrog thiab ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm cov protein, cov vitamins thiab minerals.

poj niam lub qe muaj ib tug qauv thiab ib co ntau nta. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tus txheej tais ntawm lub cytoplasm muaj tshwj xeeb secretory granules. Nrog rau allergic ntawm cov phev mus rau hauv lub granule txheem yog tso tawm thiab ua rau lub plhaub ntawm lub qe - raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws hloov nws cov qauv nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas tsis muaj lwm yam kab peev xwm tsis txeem nws.

Lwm nthuav qhov tseeb yog hais tias lub xov tooj ntawm lub qe ib tug poj niam yog muab tso rov qab nyob rau hauv lub embryonic lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub zes qe menyuam nyob rau hauv lub fetus yog twb tsim ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov hauv paus thiab oocytes. Thaum piv rau txiv neej lub cev, cov txheej txheem ntawm tsim ntawm spermatozoa, txij li thaum tiav nkauj tiav nraug, nws mus tas li.

Raws li koj tau pom, cov qauv ntawm cov qe yog heev meej thiab yog tag nrho raws li cov kev khiav dej num lawv ua tau nws.