Lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj: GOST, qhov hnyav, chaw tsim tshuaj paus, yees duab. Yuav ua li cas kom tshem tawm cov hmoov txhuas foob?

Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus Dahl "foob - ib tug dai lead foob". Chiv, nws twb thov kom muaj cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub lis kev cai. Lead - ib tug mos mos zas hlau uas yog ib qho yooj yim kom muab tso rau tej stamp, tsiaj hiav txwv thiab yuav tsis tau raug tshem tawm tsis ua kom cov ntaub ntawv txawv. Cov tib qhov chaw lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj siv niaj hnub no, txawm lub fact tias nws daim ntawv thiab lub ntsiab lus tau ua yooj yim nrog lub sij hawm.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Lub hiob tseem muaj sia nyob niaj hnub no cov ntsaws tau ua nyob rau hauv VI-VII xyoo pua BC.

Keeb kwm, lub tsiaj hiav txwv - tsis yog kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tsis raug cai nkag teb chaws, nws kuj yog ib tug kos npe rau ntawm lub hwj chim thiab vaj tse cim, thiab ib tug talisman. Tus thawj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj twb ua los ntawm ciab thiab ciab. Ces, nyob rau hauv lub XIV xyoo pua (nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub archaeologists pom ib tug Western trading cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ntawm lub hnub nyoog) tau lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj uas tau hloov zuj zuj thiab paub, tab sis tseem nyob ua ib ke, txawm hais tias lawv yog zoo nkauj raug thawb niaj hnub locking thiab sealing pab kiag li lawm.

Nyob rau hauv Central Asia, ua cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj twb sij pov thawj ntawm hla lub kev lis kev cai ciam teb ntawm Bukhara. Lawv yuam rau tej yam khoom los pab lub Samarkand kev lis kev cai, raug tua nyob rau ciam teb thiab rov qab mus rau Samarkand, thiab traders tau txais txaus remuneration.

Nyob rau hauv puas tawm xyoo pua Russia ib tug lead foob - yog ib immutable attribute uas coj mus muag khoom. Txhua Chaw tsim tshuaj paus los yog ua lag luam, muaj nws foob luam, thiab rau lub preservation ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tau raug muab zwm, lawv taug kev. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem yuav muab tag nrho cov khoom, xws li kev txawj ploj tuag khoom noj siv mis. Tseem muaj sia nyob lag luam lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ntawm lub sij hawm - nqi keeb kwm pov thawj. Nyob rau lawv koj yuav lw txoj kev loj hlob (nyob rau hauv niaj hnub nqe lus), lub teeb thiab khoom noj khoom haus industries, freight thiab lag luam kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug lead foob

Ntsaws ruaj ruaj ua GOST 30269-95 (bank los yog nyiaj ntsuab sau) - cov no yog cov me me disc nrog ob tug los ntawm qhov 2,5 × 2 hli, uas yog threaded sealing hlau los yog twine, nyob rau hauv ib txhais tes thiab lub caij so nyob rau lwm yam sab ntawm lub node. Thaum zoo muab tso nrog rua lub hlau foob ciaj muab tso rau sau, hlau thiab los ua ke yog clamped nyob rau hauv lub tsiaj hiav txwv.

Standard diameters ua cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj - 8 hli, 10 hli, 16 hli thiab qhov siab - 5.5 hli, 6.5 hli thiab 7.2 hli, ntsig txog. Tshwj xeeb lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj rau hniav nyiaj hniav kub kab uas hla ntawm 3.5 mm.

Lead foob yog ua los ntawm ib tug mos mos thawj lead cim C0 thiab C1, txij li thaum lub qhov lead - yog qhov khoom ntawm kev ntawm cov hlau lead-acid roj teeb, thiab nws tej zaum yuav muaj residual acid.

Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li ib tug lead muaj ob peb lwm yam txhua yam khoom, nws yuav tsis tshua muaj khov. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau txhim khu kev qha thiab tus phooj ywg environmentally lead-foob chaw tsim tshuaj paus uas tsom kwm rau qhov zoo ntawm tsis tsuas yog cov khoom, tab sis kuj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov uas lawv ua.

Major manufacturers, firstly, tsis txhob siv lead roj teeb pov tseg thiab, ob, tawg thiab tshuaj nqa los ntawm cov hmoov txhuas.

Cov kev siv ntawm cov hlau lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj

Coj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ntsia rau ib yam khoom, seb nws yog kaw qhov rooj, rooj tog, khoom siv, khoom muag. Ciaj nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb imprint tej zaum yuav ib tug tib neeg, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsis tau ntsia mus rau hloov lub tsiaj hiav txwv.

Ntug dej siv lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog kaw tsev ceev nyiaj nyiaj ntsuab sau lub hnab thiab hnab nyiaj ntsuab.

Lawv siv thiab thaum lub sij hawm thauj ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov hiav txwv thiab kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab tsheb ntim, lub cia ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv warehouses thiab qhov tseem ceeb rau lub hnub sealing ntawm thaj chaw, yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cai intrusion, nrhiav kom tau thiab tau ua tub sab los yog muab los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb.

Thov lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj rau kev sib khi thiab transformer substations, metrology khoom, txawv kev ntsuas txhais tau tias, e.g., roj thiab hluav taws xob meters.

Ciaj thiab sealing hlau

Lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ntsia nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb lub cuab tam. Qhov no hlau pas tais (ciaj) nyob rau hauv lub ntim uas muaj xws li nws yog xim hlau paib 10 hli nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla, nyob rau hauv uas yog engraved convex los yog recessed cov tsiaj ntawv, cov xov tooj, cov cim me me. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov cim nyob rau hauv cov phiaj no xwb. Thaum compressed lub puab tsaig zuam Leaden cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj (hauv qab) muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lawv, deformed, thiab nws tau txais ib tug tshwj xeeb daim duab.

Rau sealing siv ib tug tshwj xeeb ob-core cov hlau. Ib tug tub ntxhais - ib tug ncaj chaw - yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub thib ob twisted - theem nrab. Embossed coils mounted securely tuav lub tsiaj hiav txwv tsis pub nws plam.

Tshwj xeeb hlau raug technology pab nws kuj yuav weathering thiab txhua yam kev nyuaj siab, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, cov lus qhib ntawm lub txim txhaum.

Feem ntau, hlau coils ua nyob rau hauv ib tug luj ntawm ib kilogram.

Installation ntawm cov hlau lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj

Rau nruab cov foob, nws yog tsim nyog los txiav ib daim hlau los yog jute twine yam ntev, dhau los ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm tus kwv koj xav kom tiv thaiv tiv thaiv hacking, ces qhib lub foob, rub nws ze li sai tau mus rau lub lugs thiab nyem ciaj. Ces koj yuav tau mus xyuas lub cia siab rau ntawm lub ntsia cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj - nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tsiv tshaj cov hlau.

Lub khees simplicity ntawm installation nrog tsis txaus npaj foob installer yuav ua tau kom muaj teeb meem. Cov tub txawg yuav tsum tau paub tus weaknesses ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, yuav tsum tau mus simulate tsis tau tso cai nkag tau scenarios kom paub qhov txawv nws cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm hloov chaw ciaj.

Ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab plombiratory yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis coj mus rau hauv tus account, kis nyob rau hauv kev ua raws cai nrog kev cai uas tiv thaiv tsis tau tso cai nkag tau mus rau lub ntaus ntawv yog kev sib khi.

Sealing yuav tsum tau nqa tawm raws li cov kev cai, tus cwj pwm ntawm cov register ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj.

Yuav ua li cas kom tshem tawm cov hmoov txhuas foob

Tshem tawm cov hmoov txhuas foob yuav ua tau los ntawm tej nrog txiab los yog ib tug khoom noj txom ncauj sam xauv nees hlau cutters. Restore kev twb kev txuas yuav tsis vam meej, koj tsuas xav tau rau nruab lwm foob.

Ib txhia "kws txawj" tswj kom tshem tawm cov kev foob, thiab ces refit, cua sov nws. Expands thaum rhuab slots, shrinks thiab cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj nrog hlau. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ntshaw kom xaus ntawm lub hlau tom qab threading lub pob cyuam qhov, thiab ces rov qab mus rau xov mus rau hauv lub slots nyob rau hauv lub rov qab coj, thiab ces muaj ib tug foob nruj nreem clamping ciaj.

Thaum ib tug tso cai tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsaws ruaj ruaj yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kev cai. Ua ntej tshem tawm cov kev foob yog tsim nyog los xyuas, muaj tseeb txoj kev ntseeg, mus ua ib lub cim nyob rau hauv lub nrog cov ntaub ntawv los yog magazine.

Yog hais tias koj nrhiav tau hais tias tus foob puas tsuaj los yog nraus, qhov txaus sab uas lub kaw lub thawv no yog ua nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub Commission nrog qhov kev npaj ntawm cov ua, uas yuav tsum qhia tus mob ntawm lub tsiaj hiav txwv thiab hlau.

Zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov hmoov txhuas cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj

Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm siv lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog lawv cheapness thiab yooj yim ntawm installation. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj peev xwm ntawm tiv siab thiab tsawg kub, lawv ua viav vias.

Manually tsis muaj cuab yeej, uas, li cas los xij, tsis yog nyuaj rau kev nkag tau mus, tshem tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog imperceptibly lead foob daws kom tau.

Cov imprint rau lub ciaj, uas yog ib qhov nyuaj los tsim, ua rau nws tsis yooj yim rau cuav thiab hloov cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Yog hais tias qhov kev kawm, ntawm chav kawm, koj muaj peev xwm kov yeej tej chaw khuam siab, piv txwv li, rau xiab, tsis tau ua cas muaj feem xyuam rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov ciaj, los yog yuam kom ib tug sau daim ntawv.

Thaum muaj yas kev ruaj ntseg cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, pib hais tias tsis muaj ib tug ntau ntawm qhov ceeb thawj thiab cov hlau lead foob, txawm hais tias ib tug foob nyhav txog 4 grams ib kilogram thiab tso nyiaj rau txog 250 tej daim nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 10 hli. Nws yog tsis zoo li hais tias ib tug tib bypass yuav tsum tau muab ib tug xov tooj ntawm qhov rooj los yog raws li lub hnab nyiaj ntsuab, thiab txawm ntau hiav txwv ntim, tag nrho cov luj ntawm lub ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab hlau los ua palpable.

Khoom rau zus tau tej cov lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj

Me txhais tes tuav machine rau zus tau tej cov lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj los ntawm ntau manufacturers saib txog tib yam, thiab cov txheej txheem nyob ib leeg. Lub crucible nyias melted lead, ces poured rau hauv pwm ntawm ib tug txhua yam ntaus ntawv nrog ob tug heev. Ib tug ntawm lawv txiav tawm lub rooj vag (extension, uas yog lawm ua tus sau nrog cov hlau lead), thaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau lead yuav tawv, thiab lub thib ob raug thawb npaj ntsaws. Performance txhais tes tuav machines xws li los ntawm 35 mus 70 kg ntawm hmoov txhuas cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ua haujlwm.

Muaj me me hluav taws xob installation peev xwm ntawm 20 kg ntawm cov khoom ib teev thiab semiautomatic machines, qhov kev kawm ntawm cov uas 25 Kg / h.

Manufacturers txhuas cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj

Nyob rau hauv Russia muaj ntau ntau yam loj tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov kev ua ub no uas muaj yog zus tau tej cov lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Yuav luag txhua txhua loj nroog nws muaj nws tus kheej manufacturers ntawm cov hlau lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Feem ntau, cov tuam txhab uas muag yog koom nyob rau hauv lub siv thiab ua thiab mov ntawm ntawv tswj lub nruab thiab kev ruaj ntseg pab kiag li lawm thiab muab kev koom tes nrog loj cov neeg muas zaub: lub tsev txhab nyiaj, factories, thauj tuam txhab uas muag, khw.

Lawv muaj lawv tus kheej lawm, ib tug zoo tshuab tiaj ua si nrog CNC thiab tsim nyog tshwj xeeb, uas tso cai rau yuav tsim cov khoom zoo thaum uas tsis muaj nqi. Engraving khoom tso cai rau koj nqa tawm tej ntshiab dluab nyob rau daim hlau ciaj rau kev thov.

Niaj hnub no, muaj ib tug ntau ntawm sau li newer tshaj ciaj nrog cov hlau lead cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab sealing hlau, tab sis sau tawm cov laus, cov pov thawj tsis txhob hais xyoo lawm thiab centuries, ua cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tseem ntxov.